Judaism

====Sephardi and Mizrahi Judaism====
{{see also|Sephardic Haredim|Sephardic law and customs}}
[[File:Synagogue_de_la_Ghriba_Djerba_11.jpg|thumb|[[El Ghriba synagogue]] in [[Djerba]], Tunisia]]
While [[Minhag|traditions and customs]] vary between discrete communities, it can be said that [[Sephardi]] (Iberian, for example, most [[History of the Jews in France|Jews from France]] and [[Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands|the Netherlands]]) and [[Mizrahi Jews|Mizrahi]] (Oriental) Jewish communities do not generally adhere to the "movement" framework popular in and among [[Ashkenazi]] Jewry.<ref>{{cite web |last=Elazar|first=Daniel|title=Can Sephardic Judaism be Reconstructed?|url=http://www.jcpa.org/dje/articles3/sephardic.htm|website=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|access-date=2018-05-15|archive-date=22 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022155306/http://www.jcpa.org/dje/articles3/sephardic.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Historically, Sephardi and Mizrahi communities have eschewed denominations in favour of a "big tent" approach.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jager |first=Elliot |title=Sephardi Judaism Straining to Stay Non-Denominational|url=https://www.jpost.com/Jerusalem-Report/Sephardi-Judaism-Straining-to-Stay-Non-Denominational-513181|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=2018-05-15|archive-date=16 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516014757/https://www.jpost.com/Jerusalem-Report/Sephardi-Judaism-Straining-to-Stay-Non-Denominational-513181|url-status=live}}</ref> This is particularly the case in contemporary Israel, which is home to the largest communities of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews in the world. (However, individual Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews or some their communities may be members of or attend synagogues that do adhere to one Ashkenazi-inflected movement or another.){{sfn|Zohar|2005|p=}} Among the pioneers of Reform Judaism in the 1820s there was the Sephardic congregation [[Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim|Beth Elohim]] in [[Charleston, South Carolina]].{{sfn|Meyer|1988|pp=232–235}} A part of the European Sephardim were also linked with the Judaic modernization.<ref>{{cite journal |surname=Ferziger |given=Adam S. |author-link=Adam Ferziger |title=Between 'Ashkenazi' and Sepharad: An Early Modern German Rabbinic Response to Religious Pluralism in the Spanish-Portuguese Community |journal=Studia Rosenthaliana |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |date=Spring 2001 |volume=35 |number=1 |pages=7–22 |url=https://www.academia.edu/36844984 |jstor=41482436 |access-date=6 July 2023 |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716001528/https://www.academia.edu/36844984 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sephardi and Mizrahi observance of Judaism tends toward the traditional (Orthodox) and [[Nusach (Jewish custom)|prayer rites]] are reflective of this, with the text of each rite being largely unchanged since their respective inception. Observant Sephardim may follow the teachings of a particular rabbi or school of thought; for example, the Sephardic [[Chief Rabbinate of Israel|Chief Rabbi of Israel]].{{sfn|Zohar|2005|p=}}{{sfn|Deshen|Liebman|Shokeid|2017|loc=Part 5 "The Sephardic Pattern"}}{{sfn|Berlin|2011|p=166|loc="Chief Rabbinate"}}