John Wycliffe

====''Dominium''====
A second key point of Wycliffe's is his emphasis on the notion of divine Lordship (''{{lang-la|dominium}}'').<ref>{{harvnb|Lahey|2009|loc=Ch. 7}}: "Wyclif’s writings on ''dominium'', which make up the bulk of the first half of his ''Summa Theologie'', contain the essence of his theological vision, uniting his metaphysics to his sociopolitical and ecclesiological thought."</ref>

''{{lang-la|De dominio Divino}}'' (c. 1373) examines the relationship between God and his creatures. The practical application of this for Wycliffe was seen in the rebellious attitude of individuals (particulars) towards rightful authority (universals).

"Beyond all doubt, intellectual and emotional error about universals is the cause of all sin that reigns in the world."<ref>Wycliffe, John. ''On Universals'', (trans. A. Kenny), Oxford: 1985, pp. 162–165</ref>

In ''{{lang-la|De civili dominio}}'' ("On Civil Dominion", c. 1377) he discusses the appropriate circumstance under which an entity may be seen as possessing authority over lesser subjects. ''{{lang-la|Dominium}}'' is always conferred by God: injuries inflicted on someone personally by a king should be born by them submissively, a conventional idea, but injuries by a king against God should be patiently resisted even to death.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=H. Krishna |title=John Wycliffe |journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science |date=1942 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=372–379 |jstor=42754272 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42754272 |issn=0019-5510}}</ref> Gravely sinful kings and popes forfeited their divine right to obedience. Versions of this were taken up by [[Lollards]] and [[Hussites]].