Cerebral palsy

====Dyskinetic====
{{main|Dyskinetic cerebral palsy}}
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (sometimes abbreviated DCP) is primarily associated with damage to the [[basal ganglia]] and the [[substantia nigra]] in the form of [[lesions]] that occur during brain development due to [[bilirubin]] [[encephalopathy]] and hypoxic-ischemic [[brain]] injury.<ref name="Hou et al" /> DCP is characterized by both [[hypertonia]] and [[hypotonia]], due to the affected individual's inability to control muscle tone.<ref name="O'Shea" /> Clinical diagnosis of DCP typically occurs within 18 months of birth and is primarily based upon motor function and [[neuroimaging]] techniques.<ref name="ADCP" /><ref name="Mann" />
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is an [[extrapyramidal system|extrapyramidal]] form of cerebral palsy.<ref name="Jones" /> Dyskinetic cerebral palsy can be divided into two different groups; [[choreoathetosis]] and [[dystonia]].<ref name="O'Shea" /> Choreo-athetotic CP is characterized by involuntary movements, whereas dystonic CP is characterized by slow, strong contractions, which may occur locally or encompass the whole body.<ref name="Becher" />