Architecture Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Types== [[File:Stourhead Pantheon.jpg|thumb|[[Stourhead]] in [[Wiltshire]], England, designed by [[Henry Hoare]] (1705–1785)]] ===Residential architecture=== Residential architecture is the design of functional fits the user's lifestyle while adhering to the [[building code]]s and [[zoning]] laws. ===Commercial architecture=== Commercial architecture is the design of commercial buildings that serves the needs of businesses, the government and religious institutions.<ref>Scott Zurn. (2023, May 16). Types of commercial architecture & how to find success. Level Engineering & Inspection. https://www.levelengineering.com/architecture/commercial-architecture/</ref> ===Industrial architecture=== {{main|Industrial architecture}} Industrial architecture is the design of specialized industrial buildings whose primary focus is designing buildings that are can fulfill its function while ensuring the safe movement of labor and goods in the facility. ===Landscape architecture=== {{main|Landscape architecture}} Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor public areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes.<ref>[[Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe]], [[Susan Jellicoe]], ''The Landscape of Man: Shaping the Environment from Prehistory to the Present Day'' {{ISBN|978-0500274316}}</ref> It involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and soil conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of interventions that will produce the desired outcome. The scope of the profession includes [[landscape design]]; [[site planning]]; [[Stormwater#Stormwater management|stormwater management]]; [[Natural environment|environmental]] [[Ecological restoration|restoration]]; [[park]]s and recreation planning; visual resource management; [[green infrastructure]] planning and provision; and private [[Estate (land)|estate]] and [[House|residence]] landscape master planning and design; all at varying scales of design, planning and management. A practitioner in the profession of landscape architecture is called a [[landscape architect]]. ===Interior architecture=== {{main|Interior architecture}} [[File:Charles Rennie Mackintosh - Music Room 1901.jpg|thumb|left|Charles Rennie Mackintosh – Music Room 1901]] Interior architecture is the design of a space which has been created by structural boundaries and the human interaction within these boundaries. It can also be the initial design and plan for use, then later redesigned to accommodate a changed purpose, or a significantly revised design for [[adaptive reuse]] of the building shell.<ref name="intar.risd">{{cite web|url=http://intar.risd.edu/|title=Interior Architecture|work=RISD Interior Architecture Graduate Department|access-date=28 February 2017|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730065634/https://interiorarchitecture.risd.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref> The latter is often part of sustainable architecture practices, conserving resources through "recycling" a structure by adaptive redesign. Generally referred to as the spatial art of environmental design, form and practice, interior architecture is the process through which the interiors of buildings are designed, concerned with all aspects of the human uses of structural spaces. ===Urban design=== {{main|Urban design}} Urban design is the process of designing and shaping the physical features of cities, towns, and villages. In contrast to architecture, which focuses on the design of individual buildings, urban design deals with the larger scale of groups of buildings, streets and public spaces, whole neighborhoods and districts, and entire cities, with the goal of making urban areas functional, attractive, and sustainable.<ref name="berkeley">{{cite journal|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49f234rd|author=Boeing|title=LEED-ND and Livability Revisited|journal=Berkeley Planning Journal|date=2014|volume=27|pages=31–55|doi=10.5070/BP327120808|access-date=2015-04-15|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free|archive-date=4 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704184041/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49f234rd|url-status=live}}</ref> Urban design is an interdisciplinary field that uses elements of many built environment professions, including [[landscape architecture]], [[urban planning]], architecture, [[civil engineering]] and [[municipal engineering]].<ref>Van Assche, K., Beunen, R., Duineveld, M., & de Jong, H. (2013). [http://plt.sagepub.com/content/12/2/177.short "Co-evolutions of planning and design: Risks and benefits of design perspectives in planning systems"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628061608/http://plt.sagepub.com/content/12/2/177.short |date=28 June 2013 }}. ''Planning Theory'', 12(2), 177–198.</ref> It is common for professionals in all these disciplines to practice urban design. In more recent times different sub-subfields of urban design have emerged such as strategic urban design, [[landscape urbanism]], [[water-sensitive urban design]], and [[sustainable urbanism]]. ===Other types of architecture=== ====Naval architecture==== {{main|Naval architecture}} [[File:Lines plan en.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Body plan of a ship showing the hull form]] Naval architecture, also known as naval engineering, is an [[engineering]] discipline dealing with the [[engineering design process]], [[shipbuilding]], maintenance, and operation of [[Watercraft|marine vessels]] and structures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rina.org.uk/careers_in_naval_architecture.html|title=Careers in Naval Architecture|last=RINA|website=www.rina.org.uk|access-date=26 February 2017|archive-date=20 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020170147/https://www.rina.org.uk/careers_in_naval_architecture.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Biran, Adrian; (2003). ''Ship hydrostatics and stability'', [[Butterworth-Heinemann]]. {{ISBN|0-7506-4988-7}}</ref> Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, [[Shipbuilding|construction]], [[Sea trial|trials]], operation and maintenance, launching and [[dry-docking]] are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being [[Ship#Repair and conversion|modified]] (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves the formulation of safety regulations and damage control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet [[statutory]] and non-statutory requirements. ====Metaphorical "architectures"==== "Architecture" is used as a metaphor for many modern techniques or fields for structuring abstractions. These include: * [[Computer architecture]], a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of [[computer systems]], with [[software architecture]], [[hardware architecture]] and [[network architecture]] covering more specific aspects. * [[Business architecture]], defined as "a blueprint of the enterprise that provides a common understanding of the organization and is used to align strategic objectives and tactical demands",<ref name="OMG BAWG, Definition">[[OMG Business Architecture Special Interest Group]] "[http://www.omg.org/bawg/ What Is Business Architecture?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713063349/http://www.omg.org/bawg/|date=13 July 2017}}" at ''bawg.omg.org,'' 2008 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20080429224109/http://bawg.omg.org/ archive.org]). Accessed 2015-04-03; Cited in: [[William M. Ulrich]], [[Philip Newcomb]] ''Information Systems Transformation: Architecture-Driven Modernization Case Studies.'' (2010), p. 4.</ref> [[Enterprise architecture]] is another term. * [[Cognitive architecture]] theories about the structure of the [[human mind]] * [[System architecture]] a [[conceptual model]] that defines the [[structure]], [[behavior]], and more [[View model|views]] of any type of [[system]].<ref>Hannu Jaakkola and Bernhard Thalheim. (2011) "Architecture-driven modelling methodologies." In: ''Proceedings of the 2011 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXII''. Anneli Heimbürger et al. (eds). IOS Press. p. 98</ref> ====Seismic architecture==== {{main|Earthquake engineering}} The term '[[seismic architecture]]' or 'earthquake architecture' was first introduced in 1985 by Robert Reitherman.<ref>{{citation|last=Reitherman|first=Robert|title=Earthquake Engineering and Earthquake Architecture. Part of the AIA Workshop for Architects and Related Building Professionals on Designing for Earthquakes in the Western Mountain States|year=1985}}</ref> The phrase "earthquake architecture" is used to describe a degree of architectural expression of earthquake resistance or implication of architectural configuration, form or style in earthquake resistance. It is also used to describe buildings in which seismic design considerations impacted its architecture. It may be considered a new aesthetic approach in designing structures in seismic prone areas.<ref>{{cite book|last=Llunji|first=Mentor|title=Seismic Architecture – The architecture of earthquake resistant structures|year=2016|publisher=Msproject|isbn=978-9940979409}}</ref> The wide breadth of expressive possibilities ranges from metaphorical uses of seismic issues, to the more straightforward exposure of seismic technology. While outcomes of an earthquake architecture can be very diverse in their physical manifestations, architectural expression of seismic principles can also take many forms and levels of sophistication.<ref>{{cite conference|last=Charleson|first=Andrew|title=Towards An Earthquake Architecture |conference= 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering|year=2000}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page