Zimbabwe

=== Sanctions ===
Since the early 2000s, Zimbabwe has been under sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union that have shaped Zimbabwe's domestic politics as well as the country's relations with the [[Western world|Western nations]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ndakaripa|first=Musiwaro|date=2021-04-03|title=Zimbabwe's Economic Meltdown: Are Sanctions Really to Blame?|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2021.1934997|journal=The Washington Quarterly|volume=44|issue=2|pages=95–120|doi=10.1080/0163660X.2021.1934997|s2cid=235465633|issn=0163-660X}}</ref> In 2002, Zimbabwe held general elections and ahead of that election the EU sent observers, but the election observer team was forced to leave the country. In February 2002 the EU placed targeted or restrictive measures on Zimbabwe. At least 20 government officials were banned from entering Europe, and EU funding was halted. Prior to the elections there was $128 million that was budgeted for the Zimbabwean government from 2002 to 2007, this was cancelled. Nevertheless, the EU only stopped funding the government directly but it continued sending money only through aid agencies and NGOs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zimbabwe: Background|url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL32723.html|access-date=2021-11-14|website=www.everycrsreport.com|language=en}}</ref>

After some years the EU and Zimbabwe resolved some of their disputes and a lot of the EU sanctions were removed. Only Mugabe and his wife remained on the list while other government officials were removed. However, the EU still did not give Zimbabwe money. So, the government channels money through NGOs as it was seen on 4 March 2019 – 21 March 2019 [[Cyclone Idai]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-18|title=Cyclones Idai and Kenneth|url=https://www.unocha.org/southern-and-eastern-africa-rosea/cyclones-idai-and-kenneth|access-date=2021-11-14|website=OCHA|language=en|archive-date=5 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205181317/https://www.unocha.org/southern-and-eastern-africa-rosea/cyclones-idai-and-kenneth|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The United States also imposed sanctions on Zimbabwe. There are two types of U.S. sanctions on Zimbabwe. The first one is [[Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001|Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act]] (ZIDERA) and the second one is the Targeted Sanctions Program. ZIDERA made several demands, the first one was that Zimbabwe must respect human rights, second Zimbabwe must stop its interference in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], third Zimbabwe must stop the expropriation of white farms. If none of these demands were met, the U.S. would block the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] and the [[World Bank]] from lending money to Zimbabwe.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=Zimbabwe|url=https://www.europeansanctions.com/region/zimbabwe/|access-date=2021-11-14|website=EU Sanctions|language=en-GB}}</ref> A new ZIDERA came into effect in 2018 with the motto that, Restore Democracy or there won't be any friendship, there must be free elections, free media and human rights, Zimbabwe must enforce the ruling of the [[SADC Tribunal]]. The Targeted Sanctions Program was implemented in 2003, which lists Zimbabwean companies and people who are not allowed to deal with U.S. companies. The sanctions on Zimbabwe have been in place for more than two decades. In March 2021 the U.S. renewed its sanctions on Zimbabwe.<ref name=":11" />