Thomas More

===Trial===
The trial was held on 1 July 1535, before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor, [[Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden|Sir Thomas Audley]], as well as Anne Boleyn's uncle, [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk]], her father [[Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire|Thomas Boleyn]] and her brother [[George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford|George Boleyn]]. Norfolk offered More the chance of the king's "gracious pardon" should he "reform his [...] obstinate opinion". More responded that, although he had not taken the oath, he had never spoken out against it either and that his silence could be accepted as his "ratification and confirmation" of the new statutes.<ref>Ackroyd (1998) p383</ref>

Thus More was relying upon legal precedent and the maxim "''[[qui tacet consentire videtur]]''" ("one who keeps silent seems to consent"<ref>{{cite book |title=Thomas More's Trial by Jury: A Procedural and Legal Review with a Collection of Documents |editor1=Henry Ansgar Kelly |editor2=Louis W. Karlin |editor3=Gerard Wegemer |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84383-629-2 |page=189}}</ref>), understanding that he could not be convicted as long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was Supreme Head of the Church, and he therefore refused to answer all questions regarding his opinions on the subject.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oj67cj8f-rIC&q=thomas+more+trial+qui+tacet+consentire+videtur&pg=PA22 |title=Thomas More's Trial by Jury: A Procedural and Legal Review with a Collection of Documents |editor1=Henry Ansgar Kelly |editor2=Louis W. Karlin |editor3=Gerard Wegemer |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84383-629-2 |page=22}}</ref>

[[File:Nb pinacoteca yeames the meeting of sir thomas more with his daughter after his sentence of death.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|[[William Frederick Yeames]], ''The meeting of Sir Thomas More with his daughter after his sentence of death'', 1872]]

Thomas Cromwell, at the time the most powerful of the King's advisors, brought forth Solicitor General [[Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich|Richard Rich]] to testify that More had, in his presence, denied that the King was the legitimate head of the Church. This testimony was characterised by More as being extremely dubious. Witnesses [[Richard Southwell (courtier)|Richard Southwell]] and Mr. Palmer (a servant to Southwell) were also present and both denied having heard the details of the reported conversation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hadfield |first1=Andrew |title=Lying in early modern English culture : from the Oath of supremacy to the Oath of allegiance |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780192844804 |pages=36–38 |edition=}}</ref> As More himself pointed out:

<blockquote> Can it therefore seem likely to your Lordships, that I should in so weighty an Affair as this, act so unadvisedly, as to trust Mr. Rich, a Man I had always so mean an Opinion of, in reference to his Truth and Honesty, … that I should only impart to Mr. Rich the Secrets of my Conscience in respect to the King's Supremacy, the particular Secrets, and only Point about which I have been so long pressed to explain my self? which I never did, nor never would reveal; when the Act was once made, either to the King himself, or any of his Privy Councillors, as is well known to your Honours, who have been sent upon no other account at several times by his Majesty to me in the Tower. I refer it to your Judgments, my Lords, whether this can seem credible to any of your Lordships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/more/moretrialreport.html|title=The Trial and Execution of Sir Thomas More|website=law2.umkc.edu}}</ref></blockquote>

[[File:History of the great reformation in Europe in the times of Luther and Calvin.. (1870) (14785678593).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Beheading of Thomas More, 1870 illustration]]

The jury took only fifteen minutes, however, to find More guilty.

After the jury's verdict was delivered and before his sentencing, More spoke freely of his belief that "no temporal man may be the head of the spirituality" (take over the role of the Pope). According to [[William Roper]]'s account, More was pleading that the Statute of Supremacy was contrary to [[Magna Carta]], to Church laws and to the laws of England, attempting to void the entire indictment against him.<ref name="Kelly_xiv"/>
He was sentenced to be [[hanged, drawn, and quartered]] (the usual punishment for traitors who were not the nobility), but the King commuted this to execution by decapitation.<ref group=note>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/householdsirtho00manngoog |quote=thomas more sentenced hanged, drawn and quartered. |title=The Household of Sir Thomas More |author1=Anne Manning |author2=Edmund Lodge |publisher=C. Scribner |year=1852 |page=xiii}}</ref>