Taiwan

===Relations with the PRC===
{{Main|Cross-Strait relations}}
The [[Mainland Affairs Council]] (MAC) of Taiwan is responsible for relations with the PRC, while the [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] (TAO) of the PRC is responsible for relations with Taiwan. Exchanges are conducted through private organizations both founded in 1991: the [[Straits Exchange Foundation]] (SEF) of Taiwan and the [[Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits]] (ARATS) of the PRC.

The PRC's [[One China]] principle states that Taiwan and mainland China are both part of China, and that the PRC is the only legitimate government of China.<ref name="woo21" /> It seeks to prevent or reduce any formal recognition of the ROC as an independent sovereign state,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Huang |first1=Jing |editor-last1=Dittmer |editor-first1=Lowell |year=2017 |chapter=Xi Jinping's Taiwan Policy: Boxing Taiwan In with the One-China Framework |chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w76wpm.16 |title=Taiwan and China: Fitful Embrace |edition=1st |publisher=University of California Press |pages=239–248 |jstor=10.1525/j.ctt1w76wpm}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Shattuck|first=Thomas J.|year=2020|title=The Race to Zero?: China's Poaching of Taiwan's Diplomatic Allies|journal=Orbis|volume=64|issue=2|pages=334–352|doi=10.1016/j.orbis.2020.02.003|pmid=32292214 |pmc=7102519 }}</ref> meaning that Taiwan participates in many international forums as a non-state member under names such as "Chinese Taipei". The PRC suggested the "[[one country, two systems]]" employed in [[Hong Kong]] as a model for peaceful unification with Taiwan.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chao|first=Chien-Min|year=1987|title="One Country, Two Systems": A Theoretical Analysis|journal=Asian Affairs: An American Review|volume=14|issue=2|pages=107–124|doi=10.1080/00927678.1987.10553643|jstor=30172037}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Lin|first=Gang|year=2016|title=Beijing's New Strategies toward a Changing Taiwan|journal=Journal of Contemporary China|volume=25|issue=99|pages=321–335|doi=10.1080/10670564.2015.1104863 |s2cid=155357074 |url=https://taiwan.sjtu.edu.cn/Beijing%E2%80%99s%20New%20Strategies%20toward%20a%20Changing%20Taiwan.pdf}}</ref> While it aims for peaceful reunification, the PRC does not rule out the use of force.<ref name="PRCNorway"/><ref name="scmp2014sep27">{{cite news|last1=Chung|first1=Lawrence|title='One country, two systems' right formula for Taiwan, Xi Jinping reiterates|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1601307/one-country-two-systems-right-formula-taiwan-xi-jinping-reiterates?page=all|access-date=14 April 2015|work=South China Morning Post|date=27 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="bbc21">{{cite news |title=China-Taiwan tensions: We will not bow to Beijing pressure, says leader |date=10 October 2021 |work= BBC News |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58860365 |access-date=10 October 2021 }}</ref> The political environment is complicated by the potential for military conflict<ref name="mol21">{{cite news |title=Proof China has been practising for years for a war that would spark mass global conflict |first=Shannon |last=Molloy |date=13 October 2021 |work=news.com.au |publisher=Nationwide News |url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/military/proof-china-has-been-practising-for-years-for-a-war-that-would-spark-mass-global-conflict/news-story/efe55679a42171268224ba89b084e386 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}</ref><ref name="mar21">{{cite news |title=U.S. Lawmakers' Visit to Taiwan Tests Detente With China |first=Peter |last=Martin |date=10 November 2021 |work=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-09/u-s-lawmakers-visit-to-taiwan-inflames-tensions-with-china |url-access=limited |access-date=13 November 2021 }}</ref><ref name="yn21">{{cite news |title='Inconceivable': Peter Dutton warns of major China move |author=Yahoo News Staff |date=13 November 2021 |work=Yahoo News |publisher=Yahoo |url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/inconceivable-australia-must-prepare-major-china-move-002430696.html |access-date=13 November 2021 }}</ref><ref name="cha21">{{cite news |title=China's media mouthpiece issues thinly-veiled warning to Australia amid tension over Taiwan |first=Alex |last=Chapman |date=14 November 2021 |work=7News |url=https://7news.com.au/travel/china/chinas-media-mouthpiece-issues-thinly-veiled-warning-to-australia-amid-tension-over-taiwan-c-4551154 |access-date=14 November 2021 |quote=Taiwan says it is an independent country and will defend itself if China attacks. }}</ref> should events outlined in the PRC's [[Anti-Secession Law]] occur, such as Taiwan declaring ''[[de jure]]'' independence. There is a substantial military presence on the Fujian coast as well as PRC sorties into Taiwan's [[air defense identification zone]] (ADIZ).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/china/facility/liancheng.htm|title=Liancheng / Lianfeng Airbase&nbsp;– Chinese Military Forces|publisher=Federation of American Scientists|access-date=7 June 2009|quote=In March 2000 it was reported that the PLA Air Force was deploying new air-defense missiles [possibly batteries of Russian-made S-300 missiles] opposite Taiwan at the coastal cities of Xiamen and Shantou, and at Longtian, near Fuzhou.}}</ref><ref name=2004NatDefRpt>{{cite web|year=2004 |title=2004 National Defense Report |work=ROC Ministry of National Defense |url=https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/article/attachments/taiwan-2004-national-defense-report.pdf |access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="srf21">{{cite news |title=Luftraumverletzungen in Taiwan: Es geht um Einschüchterung |trans-title=Airspace intrusion in Taiwan: It's about intimidation |language=DE-ch |date=5 October 2021 |work=SRF 4 News |publisher=SRF Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen |url=https://www.srf.ch/news/international/militaerjets-aus-china-luftraumverletzungen-in-taiwan-es-geht-um-einschuechterung |access-date=10 October 2021 }}</ref>

[[File:2015 Ma–Xi Meeting 08.jpg|thumb|[[Ma–Xi meeting]] was the first meeting between the leaders from both sides of the Taiwan Strait since 1949.]]
In November 1992, the ARATS and SEF held a meeting which would later become known as the [[1992 Consensus]]. The SEF announced that both sides agreed that there was only one China, but disagreed on the definition of China (i.e. the ROC vs. PRC), while the ARATS announced that the two agreed on the One China principle, but did not mention differences regarding its definition made in the SEF statement.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL30341.html|title=China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy—Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei|website=www.everycrsreport.com}}</ref> In 2019, [[Tsai Ing-wen]] rejected the 1992 Consensus.<ref>{{cite web|title= President Tsai issues statement on China's President Xi's "Message to Compatriots in Taiwan"|url=https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5621|website=Office of the President, ROC (Taiwan) |date=2 January 2019|access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> She stated that there is no need to talk about the 1992 Consensus anymore, because this term has already been defined by Beijing as "one country, two systems."<ref>{{cite news|title=Taiwan's President, Defying Xi Jinping, Calls Unification Offer "Impossible"|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/05/world/asia/taiwan-xi-jinping-tsai-ing-wen.html|work=The New York Times|date=5 January 2019|access-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105130541/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/05/world/asia/taiwan-xi-jinping-tsai-ing-wen.html|archive-date=5 January 2019}}</ref>