Martin Luther King Jr.

===St. Augustine, Florida, 1964===
{{Main|St. Augustine movement}}
In March 1964, King and the SCLC joined forces with Robert Hayling's then-controversial movement in St. Augustine, Florida. Hayling's group had been affiliated with the NAACP but was forced out of the organization for advocating armed self-defense alongside nonviolent tactics. However, the pacifist SCLC accepted them.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitstaugustine.com/history/black_history/dr_robert_hayling/ |website=Augustine.com |title=Black History: Dr. Robert B. Hayling |first=David J. |last=Garrow |access-date=June 3, 2020 |archive-date=June 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610042317/https://www.visitstaugustine.com/history/black_history/dr_robert_hayling/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>''Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference'' (HarperCollins, 1987) pp.&nbsp;316–18</ref> King and the SCLC worked to bring white Northern activists to [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]], including a delegation of rabbis and the 72-year-old mother of the governor of Massachusetts, all of whom were arrested.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/civilrights/f1.htm|title=We Shall Overcome – Lincolnville Historic District|work=nps.gov|access-date=January 17, 2014|archive-date=November 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103084850/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/civilrights/f1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title= African Americans in Florida: An Illustrated History| pages= [https://archive.org/details/africanamericans0000jone/page/113 113–115]| last1= Jones| first1= Maxine D.| first2= Kevin M.| last2= McCarthy| isbn= 1-56164-031-X| publisher= Pineapple Press| year= 1993| url= https://archive.org/details/africanamericans0000jone/page/113}}</ref> During June, the movement marched nightly through the city, "often facing counter demonstrations by the Klan, and provoking violence that garnered national media attention." Hundreds of the marchers were arrested and jailed. During this movement, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/st-augustine-florida |title=St. Augustine, Florida |encyclopedia=King Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Stanford University#Research centers and institutes|Stanford University {{!}} Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute]] |date=July 7, 2017 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706074301/https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/st-augustine-florida |url-status=live }}</ref>