Holiness movement

==Relation and reaction to Pentecostalism==
The traditional Holiness movement is distinct from the [[Pentecostal movement]], which believes that the baptism in the Holy Spirit involves supernatural manifestations such as [[Glossolalia|speaking in unknown tongues]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Things Christians Should Know about the Pentecostal Church|url=https://www.christianity.com/church/denominations/10-things-christians-should-know-about-pentecostalism.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=Christianity.com|language=en}}</ref> Many of the early Pentecostals originated from the Holiness movement, and to this day many "classical Pentecostals" maintain much of Holiness doctrine and many of its devotional practices. Several of its denominations include the word "Holiness" in their names, including the [[International Pentecostal Holiness Church|Pentecostal Holiness Church]].

The terms ''pentecostal'' and ''apostolic'', now used by adherents to Pentecostal and charismatic doctrine, were once widely used by Holiness churches in connection with the consecrated lifestyle they see described in the [[New Testament]].

During the [[Azusa Street Revival]] (often considered the advent of Pentecostalism), the practice of speaking in tongues was strongly rejected by leaders of the traditional Holiness movement. [[Alma White]], the leader of the [[Pillar of Fire Church]], a Holiness denomination, wrote a book against the Pentecostal movement that was published in 1936; the work, entitled ''Demons and Tongues'', represented early rejection of the tongues-speaking Pentecostal movement. White called speaking in tongues "satanic gibberish" and Pentecostal services "the climax of demon worship".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.revempete.us/research/holiness/azusa.html|title=The Outpouring of the Holy Ghost at Azusa Street Mission|work=revempete.us|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> However, many contemporary Holiness churches now believe in the legitimacy of speaking in unknown tongues, but not as a sign of entire sanctification as classical Pentecostals still teach.

There are an estimated 78 million classical Pentecostals, and 510 million assorted Charismatics who share a heritage or common beliefs with the Pentecostal movement. If the Holiness movement and Pentecostal/Charismatic Christians were counted together the total population would be around 600 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/church-families/pentecostal-churches|title=Pentecostal churches|work=oikoumene.org|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>