Cerebral palsy

====Ataxic====
{{main|Ataxic cerebral palsy}}
Ataxic cerebral palsy is observed in approximately 5–10% of all cases of cerebral palsy, making it the least frequent form of cerebral palsy.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = McHale DP, Jackson AP, Levene MI, Corry P, Woods CG, Lench NJ, Mueller RF, Markham AF | title = A gene for ataxic cerebral palsy maps to chromosome 9p12-q12 | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 267–272 | date = April 2000 | pmid = 10854109 | doi = 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200445 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Ataxic cerebral palsy is caused by damage to cerebellar structures.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cheney PD |title=Pathophysiology of the corticospinal system and basal ganglia in cerebral palsy |journal= Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews |volume=3 |pages=153–167 |year=1997 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1997)3:2<153::AID-MRDD7>3.0.CO;2-S |issue=2}}</ref> Because of the damage to the [[cerebellum]], which is essential for coordinating muscle movements and balance, patients with ataxic cerebral palsy experience problems in coordination, specifically in their arms, legs, and trunk. Ataxic cerebral palsy is known to decrease muscle tone.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Straub K, Obrzut JE |title=Effects of cerebral palsy on neurophsyological function |journal=Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities |volume=21 |pages=153–167 |year=2009 |doi=10.1007/s10882-009-9130-3 |issue=2|s2cid=144152618 }}</ref> The most common manifestation of ataxic cerebral palsy is intention (action) [[tremor]], which is especially apparent when carrying out precise movements, such as tying shoe laces or writing with a pencil. This symptom gets progressively worse as the movement persists, making the hand shake. As the hand gets closer to accomplishing the intended task, the trembling intensifies, which makes it even more difficult to complete.<ref name="O'Shea" />