Book of Jonah

==Surviving ancient manuscripts==
[[File:CodexGigas 112 MinorProphets.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The whole Book of Jonah in [[Latin]] as a part of [[Codex Gigas]], made around 13th century.]]
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this book in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Codex Cairensis]] (895), [[Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus|the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets]] (916), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}{{efn|Since 1947, the whole book is missing from [[Aleppo Codex]].<ref name="nce2-bible">{{citation | author=P. W. Skehan | contribution=BIBLE (TEXTS) | title=[[New Catholic Encyclopedia]] | edition=2nd | volume=2 | publisher=Gale | year=2003 | pages=355–362}}</ref>}}

Fragments of this book in Hebrew were found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] (cumulatively covering the whole book), including 4Q82 (4QXII<sup>g</sup>; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1:1‑9, 2:3‑11, 3:1, 3:3, and 4:5‑11;{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|p=614}}<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh>[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#jonah Dead sea scrolls - Jonah]</ref>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=39}} and [[Wadi Murabba'at]] Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75–100 CE) with extant verses 1:14‑16, 2:1‑7; 3:2‑5, 3:7‑10; 4:1‑2, and 4:5.<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|pp=140-141}}

The oldest known complete version of the book is the [[Crosby-Schøyen Codex MS 193|Crosby-Schøyen Codex]], part of the [[Bodmer Papyri]], which dates to the 3rd century, and is written in [[Coptic language|Coptic]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MS 193 - The Schoyen Collection |url=https://www.schoyencollection.com/bible-collection-foreword/coptic-bible/crosby-schoyen-codex-ms-193 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=www.schoyencollection.com |language=en-gb}}</ref>

There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ('''S'''; [[Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)|BHK]]: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>S</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}

Fragments containing parts of this book in Greek were found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], including 4Q76 (4QXII<sup>a</sup>; 150–125 BCE) with extant verses 1:1–5, 1:7–10, 1:15–17 (1:17 = 2:1 in Hebrew Bible), 2:6 (verses 2:1,7 in Masoretic Text), and 3:2;{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=611–612}}<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=38}} 4Q81 (4QXII<sup>f</sup>; 175–50 BCE) with extant verses 1:6–8, 1:10–16;<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=39}}{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=612–613}} 4Q82 (4QXII<sup>g</sup>; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1:1–9, 2:2–10 (verses 2:3–11 in Masoretic Text), 3:1–3, and 4:5–11;<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=39}}{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=610–611}} and [[Wadi Murabba'at]] Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75–100 CE) with extant verses 1:1–17 (1:1–16, 2:1 in Hebrew Bible), 2:1–10 (verses 2:1–11 in Masoretic Text), 3:1–10, and 4:1–11.,<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|pp=140–141}} and [[Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever|Naḥal Ḥever (8ḤevXII<sup>gr</sup>; 1st century CE)]] with extant verses 2:1–6 (verses 2:1–7 in Masoretic Text), 3:2–5, 3:7–10, 4:1–2, and 4:5.<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=127}}