South Sudan

==== Censorship ====
On 1 November 2011, South Sudan's National Security Services (NSS) arrested the editor of a private Juba-based daily, ''Destiny'', and suspended its activities indefinitely. This was in response to an opinion article by columnist Dengdit Ayok, entitled "Let Me Say So", which criticized the president for allowing his daughter to marry an Ethiopian national, and accused him of "staining his patriotism". An official letter accused the newspaper of breaking "the media code of conduct and professional ethics", and of publishing "illicit news" that was defamatory, inciting, and invading the privacy of personalities. The [[Committee to Protect Journalists]] had voiced concerns over media freedoms in South Sudan in September.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cpj.org/2011/11/south-sudan-security-detains-two-journalists.php|agency=Committee to Protect Journalists|date=7 November 2011|access-date=8 November 2011|title=South Sudan security detains two journalists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108005137/http://www.cpj.org/2011/11/south-sudan-security-detains-two-journalists.php|archive-date=8 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The NSS released the journalists without charge after having held them for 18 days.<ref name="Sudan Tribune 2011-11-18" />

In 2015, Salva Kiir threatened to kill journalists who reported "against the country".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34008089|title=South Sudan journalist Peter Moi shot dead|publisher=bbcnews.com|access-date=3 September 2015|date=20 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822232154/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34008089|archive-date=22 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Work conditions have become terrible for journalists, and many have left the country, such as documentarian Ochan Hannington.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/south-sudanese-filmmaker-ochan-hannington-speaks-about-his-dangerous-work-and-why-he-loves|title= Risking my life|first= Ochan|last= Hannington|date= 31 October 2015|publisher= D+C, development and cooperation|access-date= 21 December 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151122182556/http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/south-sudanese-filmmaker-ochan-hannington-speaks-about-his-dangerous-work-and-why-he-loves|archive-date= 22 November 2015|url-status= live}}</ref> In August 2015, after journalist Peter Moi was killed in a targeted attack, being the seventh journalist killed during the year, South Sudanese journalists held a 24-hour news blackout.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/World/2015/Aug-21/312136-south-sudan-media-blackout-after-reporter-shot-dead.ashx|title=South Sudan media blackout after reporter shot dead|publisher=dailystar.com.lb|access-date=3 September 2015|date=21 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825035239/http://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/World/2015/Aug-21/312136-south-sudan-media-blackout-after-reporter-shot-dead.ashx|archive-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2017, a 26-year-old American journalist, Christopher Allen, was killed in [[Kaya, South Sudan|Kaya]], [[Yei River State]], during fighting between government and opposition forces. Christopher Allen was a freelance journalist who had worked for several U.S. news outlets. He had been reportedly embedded with the opposition forces in South Sudan for a week before he was killed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.southsudan.biz/2017/08/27/us-journalist-killed-in-yei-river/|title=US journalist killed in Yei River|publisher=southsudan.biz|access-date=19 September 2017|date=27 August 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The same month, President Salva Kiir said the millions of civilians fleeing South Sudan were being driven by the propaganda from social media users conspiring against his government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.southsudan.biz/2017/08/28/south-sudan-president-downplays-refugee-crisis-blames-social-media/|title=South Sudan president downplays refugee crisis, blames social media|publisher=southsudan.biz|access-date=19 September 2017|date=28 August 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Just a month prior in July 2017, access to major news websites and popular blogs including [[Sudan Tribune]] and [https://radiotamazuj.org/en Radio Tamazuj] had been blocked by the government without formal notice.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.com/en/south-sudan-blocks-access-to-independent-websites/a-39786961|title=South Sudan blocks access to independent websites|publisher=dw.com|access-date=19 September 2017|date=21 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909044730/http://www.dw.com/en/south-sudan-blocks-access-to-independent-websites/a-39786961|archive-date=9 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2020, access to [[Sudans Post]], a local news website, was blocked by the government following the publication of an article deemed defamatory by the NSS.<ref>{{Cite book|date=23 December 2020|title=World Report 2021: Rights Trends in South Sudan|chapter=South Sudan: Events of 2020|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/south-sudan|access-date=16 June 2021|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref> Two months later, Qurium Media Foundation, a Swedish non-profit organization, announced that it has deployed a mirror for the website to circumvent the government blocking.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Sudans Post" gets blocked after receiving personal threats from NSS – transcript revealed – Qurium Media Foundation|url=https://www.qurium.org/alerts/blocked-sudans-post-received-threats-for-achai-wiir-related-articles/|access-date=16 June 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref>