Shinto

===Home shrines===
[[File:Kamidana.jpg|thumb|A {{lang|ja-Latn|kamidana}} displaying a {{lang|ja-Latn|[[shimenawa]]}} and {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Shide (Shinto)|shide]]}}]]
Having seen their popularity increase in the Meiji era,{{sfn|Bocking|1997|p=85}} many Shinto practitioners also have a family shrine, or {{lang|ja-Latn|[[kamidana]]}} ("{{lang|ja-Latn|kami}} shelf"), in their home.{{sfnm|1a1=Offner|1y=1979|1pp=200|2a1=Nelson|2y=1996|2p=184|3a1=Littleton|3y=2002|3p=73|4a1=Earhart|4y=2004|4p=11}} These usually consist of shelves placed at an elevated position in the living room.{{sfn|Offner|1979|pp=200–201}} {{lang|ja-Latn|Kamidana}} can also be found in workplaces, restaurants, shops, and ocean-going ships.{{sfnm|1a1=Bocking|1y=1997|1p=85|2a1=Earhart|2y=2004|2p=11}} Some public shrines sell entire {{lang|ja-Latn|kamidana}}.{{sfn|Picken|2011|p=31}}

Along with the {{lang|ja-Latn|kamidana}}, many Japanese households also have {{lang|ja-Latn|[[butsudan]]}}, Buddhist altars enshrining the ancestors of the family;{{sfnm|1a1=Bocking|1y=1997|1p=13|2a1=Earhart|2y=2004|2p=11}} ancestral reverence remains an important aspect of Japanese religious tradition.{{sfn|Picken|2011|p=39}} In the rare instances where Japanese individuals are given a Shinto funeral rather than a Buddhist one, a {{lang|ja-Latn|tama-ya}}, {{lang|ja-Latn|mitama-ya}}, or {{lang|ja-Latn|sorei-sha}} shrine may be erected in the home in place of a {{lang|ja-Latn|butsudan}}. This will be typically placed below the {{lang|ja-Latn|kamidana}} and include symbols of the resident ancestral spirit, for instance a mirror or a scroll.{{sfn|Bocking|1997|p=198}}

{{lang|ja-Latn|Kamidana}} often enshrine the {{lang|ja-Latn|kami}} of a nearby public shrine as well as a tutelary {{lang|ja-Latn|kami}} associated with the house's occupants or their profession.{{sfn|Bocking|1997|p=85}} They can be decorated with miniature {{lang|ja-Latn|torii}} and {{lang|ja-Latn|shimenawa}} and include amulets obtained from public shrines.{{sfn|Bocking|1997|p=85}} They often contain a stand on which to place offerings;{{sfn|Offner|1979|p=201}} daily offerings of rice, salt, and water are placed there, with sake and other items also offered on special days.{{sfnm|1a1=Bocking|1y=1997|1p=85|2a1=Littleton|2y=2002|2p=74}} These domestic rituals often take place early in the morning,{{sfn|Littleton|2002|p=81}} and prior to conducting them, practitioners often bathe, rinse their mouth, or wash their hands as a form of purification.{{sfn|Offner|1979|p=203}}

Household Shinto can focus attention on the {{lang|ja-Latn|dōzoku-shin}}, {{lang|ja-Latn|kami}} who are perceived to be ancestral to the {{lang|ja-Latn|dōzoku}} or extended kinship group.{{sfnm|1a1=Bocking|1y=1997|1p=24|2a1=Picken|2y=2011|2pp=75-76}} A small shrine for the ancestors of a household are known as {{lang|ja-Latn|soreisha}}.{{sfn|Bocking|1997|p=187}} Small village shrines containing the tutelary {{lang|ja-Latn|kami}} of an extended family are known as {{lang|ja-Latn|iwai-den}}.{{sfn|Bocking|1997|p=66}} In addition to the {{lang|ja-Latn|jinja}} shrines and the household shrines, Shinto also features small wayside shrines known as {{lang|ja-Latn|[[hokora]]}}.{{sfn|Bocking|1997|p=54}} Other open spaces used for the worship of {{lang|ja-Latn|kami}} are {{lang|ja-Latn|[[iwasaka]]}}, an area surrounded by sacred rocks.{{sfn|Bocking|1997|p=65}}