San Antonio

==Economy==
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| 2||||[[USAA]]||||101
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| 3||||[[iHeartMedia]]||||466
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San Antonio has a diversified economy with a gross domestic product (GDP) of approximately $121 billion in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. metro areas: Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2018|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/248083/real-gross-domestic-product-gdp-of-the-united-states-by-metropolitan-area/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> San Antonio's economy focuses primarily on [[military]], [[health care]], government–[[civil service]], professional and business services,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bls.gov/regions/southwest/summary/blssummary_sanantonio.pdf |title=San Antonio Area Economic Summary |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |date=May 3, 2022 |access-date=May 16, 2022}}</ref> [[oil and gas]], and [[tourism]]. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the city has become a significant location for American-based [[call centers]] and has added a sizable [[manufacturing]] sector centered around automobiles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 9, 2019|title=Auto industry recruiters pitch the San Antonio region|url=https://www.autonews.com/manufacturing/auto-industry-recruiters-pitch-san-antonio-region|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=Automotive News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mendoza-Moyers|first=Diego|date=October 15, 2020|title=U.S. auto industry, San Antonio automakers bounce back from pandemic|url=https://www.mysanantonio.com/business/article/U-S-auto-industry-local-automakers-bounce-back-15648310.php|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=mySA|language=en-US}}</ref> The city also has a growing technology sector.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 18, 2019|title=Report: San Antonio's tech workforce small but growing|url=https://www.expressnews.com/business/technology/article/Report-San-Antonio-s-tech-workforce-small-but-14107958.php|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=ExpressNews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Located about {{convert|10| miles}} northwest of [[Downtown San Antonio|Downtown]] is the [[South Texas Medical Center]], a conglomerate of various hospitals, clinics, and research (see [[Southwest Research Institute]] and [[Texas Biomedical Research Institute]]) and higher educational institutions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who We Are|url=https://southtexasmed.com/who-we-are/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=South Texas Medical Center|language=en-US}}</ref>

Over twenty million tourists visit the city and its attractions every year, contributing substantially to its economy, primarily due to The Alamo and the [[San Antonio River Walk|River Walk]].<ref>[http://www.sanantonioriverwalk.com/tourism.html San Antonio Tourism], SanAntonioRiverwalk.com. Retrieved January 7, 2007.</ref> The [[Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center]] alone hosts over 300 events annually with more than 750,000 convention delegates from around the world. Tourism provided over 130,000 jobs, and it had an economic impact of $13.6 billion in the local economy according to information gathered in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Economic Impact of San Antonio's Hospitality Industry|url=http://www.sanantoniotourism.com/downloads/research/TourismReport.pdf|website=Sanantoniotourism.com|access-date=July 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011060622/http://www.sanantoniotourism.com/downloads/research/TourismReport.pdf|archive-date=October 11, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city of San Antonio received $195 million in the same year from the hospitality industry, with revenues from hotel occupancy tax, sales taxes and others.

[[File:Valero campus (2).JPG|thumb|Headquarters of [[Valero Energy Corporation]]|220x220px]]San Antonio is the headquarters of four [[Fortune 500]] companies: [[Valero Energy]], [[USAA]], [[iHeartMedia]], and [[NuStar Energy L.P.|NuStar Energy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fortune 500|url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/2019/search/?hqcity=San%20Antonio|access-date=December 13, 2020|website=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> [[H-E-B]], the 13th-largest private company in the U.S.,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/largest-private-companies/#page:2_sort:0_direction:asc_search:|title=America's Largest Private Companies|date=August 1, 2017|access-date=August 1, 2017|website=Forbes.com}}</ref> is also headquartered in San Antonio.

Other companies headquartered in the city include [[Bill Miller Bar-B-Q Enterprises]], [[Carenet Health]], [[Security Service Federal Credit Union]], [[Visionworks of America]], [[Frost Bank]], [[Harte-Hanks]], [[Kinetic Concepts]], [[SWBC]], [[NewTek]], [[Rackspace]], [[Pabst Brewing Company]], [[Taco Cabana]], [[Broadway Bank (Texas)|Broadway Bank]], [[H.B. Zachry|Zachry Holdings/Zachry Construction Company]], [[Randolph-Brooks Federal Credit Union]], [[SAS (shoemakers)|SAS]], [[Globalscape]], and [[Whataburger]]. The [[North American Development Bank]], a development finance institution jointly held by the governments of the U.S. and Mexico, is headquartered in San Antonio as well. Other notable companies that maintain sizable presences in the city include [[Hulu]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hulu's new San Antonio office opens|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/news/2017/11/28/hulus-new-san-antonio-office-goes-online-slideshow.html|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=November 28, 2017|title=Hulu opens Viewer Experience Operations headquarters in San Antonio|url=https://foxsanantonio.com/news/local/hulu-opens-viewer-experience-operations-headquarters-in-san-antonio|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=KABB}}</ref> [[OCI (company)|OCI]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 19, 2017|title=OCI moves headquarters from downtown San Antonio to Brooks (mySA)|url=https://livebrooks.com/making-news/oci-moves-headquarters-downtown-san-antonio-brooks-sa/|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=Brooks|language=en-US|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121174538/https://livebrooks.com/making-news/oci-moves-headquarters-downtown-san-antonio-brooks-sa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Capital Group Companies|Capital Group]], [[CGI Inc.|CGI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=CGI Opens Center of Excellence in San Antonio|url=https://www.cgi.com/en/cgi-opens-center-excellence-san-antonio|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=www.cgi.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=March 20, 2007|title=(PRN) CGI opens center of excellence in San Antonio|url=https://www.chron.com/news/article/PRN-CGI-opens-center-of-excellence-in-San-1808784.php|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=Chron|language=en-US}}</ref> Kaco New Energy,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kronsbein|date=January 6, 2014|title=Kaco opens a new plant in the U.S.|url=https://www.sunwindenergy.com/news/kaco-opens-new-plant-us|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=Sun & Wind Energy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Natividad|first=Ivan|title=KACO New Energy moving to Texas|url=https://www.theunion.com/news/business/kaco-new-energy-moving-to-texas-2/|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=www.theunion.com|date=May 12, 2014 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Marathon Petroleum]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Druzin|first=Rye|date=October 1, 2018|title=Andeavor ceases to exist as Marathon completes purchase|url=https://www.mysanantonio.com/business/eagle-ford-energy/article/Andeavor-ceases-to-exist-as-Marathon-completes-13271746.php|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=mySA|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Silver Spring Networks]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 7, 2014|title=Silver Spring Networks Opens New San Antonio Office as CPS Energy Smart Grid Deployment Ramps Up|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20141106006604/en/Silver-Spring-Networks-Opens-New-San-Antonio-Office-as-CPS-Energy-Smart-Grid-Deployment-Ramps-Up|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=November 6, 2013|title=The Smart Grid is coming to San Antonio|url=https://newsroom.cpsenergy.com/cps-energy-kicks-smart-grid-modernization-silver-spring-networks-landisgyr/|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=CPS Energy Newsroom|language=en-US|archive-date=November 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130012025/https://newsroom.cpsenergy.com/cps-energy-kicks-smart-grid-modernization-silver-spring-networks-landisgyr/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Toyota]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 22, 2019|title=Toyota, Navistar moves 'a huge boost' to San Antonio's advanced manufacturing sector, experts say|url=https://www.expressnews.com/business/local/article/Toyota-Navistar-moves-a-huge-boost-to-San-14456860.php|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=ExpressNews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Argo Group]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=San Antonio-based Argo Group moving to the NYSE|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/news/2018/04/24/argo-group-moving-to-the-nyse.html|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> [[EOG Resources]], [[Microsoft]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft building massive expansion|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/news/2020/01/28/microsoft-building-massive-expansion-on-west-side.html|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> [[Cogeco Peer 1|Cogeco Peer1]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Managed hosting company changes name after its recent acquisition|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/news/2019/08/22/managed-hosting-company-changes-name-after.html|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> [[Wells Fargo]], [[Citibank|Citi Bank]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citi Bank unseats Frost as largest bank in SA area|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/news/2020/09/23/citibank-unseats-frost-as-largest-bank-in-sa-area.html|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> and [[Boeing]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Diamond|first=Randy|date=August 27, 2019|title=Boeing to add 500 San Antonio jobs to rehab Hornet fighter|url=https://www.expressnews.com/business/article/Boeing-to-add-500-San-Antonio-jobs-to-rehab-14380336.php|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=ExpressNews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2020, [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] announced plans to for three new facilities in San Antonio.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Moreno|first=Julie|date=December 22, 2020|title=Amazon announces plans for 3 new facilities, 1,500 jobs in San Antonio|url=https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2020/12/22/amazon-announces-plans-for-3-new-facilities-1500-jobs-in-san-antonio/|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=KSAT|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Iszler|first=Madison|date=December 22, 2020|title=Amazon plans to open three new facilities in San Antonio and create over 1,500 jobs|url=https://www.mysanantonio.com/business/local/article/Amazon-plans-to-open-three-new-facilities-in-San-15822481.php|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=mySA|language=en-US}}</ref>

San Antonio has lost several major company headquarters, the largest being the 2008 move of [[AT&T|AT&T Inc.]] to Dallas "to better serve customers and expand business in the future."<ref>[[AT&T]] shareholder statement regarding corporate relocation [http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=25882], retrieved May 20, 2013</ref> In 2019, [[Andeavor]] (Formerly Tesoro) was acquired by [[Marathon Petroleum]]; this merger eliminated the company and the headquarters was moved to [[Findlay, Ohio]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/30/marathon-petroleum-to-acquire-andeavor.html|title=Marathon creates the top US refiner with $23 billion Andeavor deal|date=April 30, 2018|website=CNBC}}</ref> In 1997, Titan Holdings and USLD Communications had sold their operations to larger companies. After a [[Los Angeles]] buyout specialist purchased [[Builders Square]], the company's operations were moved out of San Antonio.<ref>Nowlin, Sanford. "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SAEC&p_theme=saec&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAFE82B06042C69&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Aquila bids for sale or merger]." ''[[San Antonio Express-News]]''. March 11, 1998. Business 1E. Published in: Polishuk, Paul. ''Utilities Telecommunications News''. Information Gatekeepers Inc. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LN_Zp7f15X0C&dq=%22Builders+Square%22+%22San+Antonio%22&pg=PA9 8–9]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on July 21, 2010. ISSN 1079-2937.</ref>

The city is home to one of the largest concentrations of military bases in the U.S., and has been nicknamed "Military City, USA". The city is home to several active military installations: [[Lackland Air Force Base]], [[Brooke Army Medical Center]], [[Randolph Air Force Base]], and [[Fort Sam Houston]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sanantonio.gov/edd/| title=Welcome to the City of San Antonio Economic Development Department-Index| publisher=Sanantonio.gov| access-date=June 30, 2010}}</ref>

The Formosan Termite (Formosan subterranean termite, FST, ''[[Coptotermes formosanus]]'' Shiraki) causes economic devastation here due to the [[structural pest|structural damage]] it causes.<ref name="TAM-Formosa" /><ref name="Austin" /> It is an [[invasive pest]] originally from the [[Far East]].<ref name="TAM-Formosa">{{cite web | access-date=2022-08-12 | year=2022 | website=[[Texas A&M University]] Urban and Structural Entomology Program | url=https://urbanentomology.tamu.edu/urban-pests/termites/formosan/ | title=Formosan Subterranean Termites Coptotermes formosanus}}</ref><ref name="Austin">
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      |{{*}} {{cite journal | date=2009 | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | issue=1 | volume=54 | first2=Claudia | first1=Edward | journal=[[Annual Review of Entomology]] | issn=0066-4170 | last1=Vargo | last2=Husseneder | doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090443 | pages=379–403 | title=Biology of Subterranean Termites: Insights from Molecular Studies of Reticulitermes and Coptotermes| pmid=18793101 }}

      |{{*}} {{cite journal | year=2006 | issue=2 | volume=89 | first6=Roger | first1=James | first5=Jackie | first4=Matt | first2=Allen | last1=Austin | first3=Rudolf | last2=Szalanski | last3=Scheffrahn | last4=Messenger | last6=Gold | last5=McKern | publisher=[[Florida Entomological Society]] | journal=[[Florida Entomologist]] | issn=0015-4040 | pages=183–193 | doi=10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[183:geftio]2.0.co;2 | title=Genetic Evidence For Two Introductions Of The Formosan Subterranean Termite, ''Coptotermes formosanus'' (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae), To The United States| s2cid=49539716 | doi-access=free }}
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</ref> First found in the state in 1957, it has spread into the greater San Antonio area, and created a problem for the region's pecan orchards.<ref name="formosa">{{cite journal |last1=Austin |first1=James |last2=Glenn |first2=Grady |year=2005 |title=Formosan termites: an emerging problem for pecan industry |journal=[[Pecan South]] |pages=36–37}}</ref>