Regina, Saskatchewan

==Economy==
[[File:Regina from Number 1 Highway.jpg|thumb|View of Regina from a distance on [[Saskatchewan Highway 1]]. The city is situated on a broad, flat, and largely waterless and treeless plain.]]
{{Main|Economy of Regina, Saskatchewan}}
{{See also|Regina industry and resources}}
Regina, as the capital of Saskatchewan, is the headquarters of a number of Saskatchewan Government organizations, including the [[Saskatchewan Legislative Building]], provincial government ministries, and agencies, boards, and commissions. Also, [[Crown Investments Corporation]] and a number of the Crown Corporations it holds, including [[SaskEnergy]], [[Sask Gaming]], [[Saskatchewan Government Insurance|SGI]], [[SaskPower]], and [[SaskTel]], are based in Regina. The [[Innovation Place Research Park]] immediately adjacent to the University of Regina campus hosts several science and technology companies which conduct research activities in conjunction with University departments.

Oil and [[natural gas]], [[potash]],<ref>{{cite web |url-status=live |quote=has an estimated 75% of the world's potash reserves |first=Peter |last=Phillips |title=Economy of Saskatchewan |url=http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/economy_of_saskatchewan.html |website=Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713105624/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/economy_of_saskatchewan.html |archive-date=13 July 2007 |access-date=1 December 2007}}</ref> [[kaolin]], [[sodium sulphite]] and [[bentonite]] contribute a great part of Regina and area's economy. The completion of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway|train]] link between eastern Canada and the then-[[District of Assiniboia]] in 1885, the development of the high-yielding and early-maturing Marquis strain of wheat and the opening of new grain markets in the United Kingdom established the first impetus for economic development and substantial population settlement.<ref name="esask.uregina.ca">[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/economy_of_saskatchewan.html Peter Phillips, "Economy of Saskatchewan," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713105624/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/economy_of_saskatchewan.html |date=13 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 1 December 2007.</ref> The farm and agricultural component is still a significant part of the economy – the [[Saskatchewan Wheat Pool]] (now Viterra Inc.,<ref>[https://leaderpost.com/Business/Viterra+acquires+Australian+company/1609137/story.html Bruce Johnstone, "Viterra announces $1.4B deal to acquire Australian company."] Regina Leader-Post, 19 May 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609130348/http://www.leaderpost.com/Business/Viterra+acquires+Australian+company/1609137/story.html |date=9 June 2009 }}</ref>), "the world's largest grain-handling co-operative" has its headquarters in Regina<ref name="thecanadianencyclopedia.com">[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/regina "Regina: Economy and Labour Force,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035435/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/regina/#h3_jump_4 |date=25 September 2017 }} ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 17 July 2007.</ref> — but it is no longer the major driver; provincially it has slipped to eighth overall, well behind the natural resources sectors.

Modern transport has obviated the development of a significant manufacturing sector and local petroleum refining facilities: the [[Regina Plant|General Motors assembly plant]] north on Winnipeg Street, built in 1927 – when Saskatchewan's agricultural economy was booming and briefly made it the third province of Canada after [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] in both population (at just under one million people, roughly the same population as today<ref name="esask.uregina.ca"/>) and GDP – ceased production during the [[Great Depression in Canada|depression]] of the 1930s. It was resumed by the federal crown during World War II and housed Regina Wartime Industries Ltd., where 1,000 people were engaged in armaments manufacture.<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_wartime_industries_ltd.html Lauren Black, "Regina Wartime Industries Ltd.," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020013136/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_wartime_industries_ltd.html |date=20 October 2007 }}. Retrieved 19 November 2007.</ref> It was not returned to private automotive manufacture after the war and became derelict. 
[[File:Riddell Building, New Campus.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.35|Regina is home to one of Saskatchewan's [[Innovation Place Research Park]]s, a network of [[science park]]s that is funded primarily by the provincial government.]]
[[Evraz|EVRAZ]] is a leading world producer of steel plate and pipe. Its Regina operations were founded as Prairie Pipe Manufacturing Company Ltd. on July 13, 1956, a steel pipe plant designed to build small-diameter pipe to serve the Saskatchewan market.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan {{!}} Details |url=https://esask.uregina.ca/entry/ipsco_inc.jsp |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=esask.uregina.ca}}</ref> The government-owned Saskatchewan Power Corporation, in the process of expanding Saskatchewan's commercial and residential delivery of natural gas, agreed to purchase its tubular requirements from Prairie Pipe. To supply Prairie Pipe with its own steel supply, a new enterprise named Interprovincial Steel Corporation was founded in 1957, and built a small steel mill on property adjacent to Prairie Pipe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan {{!}} Details |url=https://esask.uregina.ca/entry/ipsco_inc.jsp |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=esask.uregina.ca}}</ref> In 1959, Prairie Pipe purchased all the assets of Interprovincial Steel Corporation because the latter ran into financial difficulties. As a result of this merger, the company became known as Interprovincial Steel and Pipe Corporation, or IPSCO Inc. for short.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan {{!}} Details |url=https://esask.uregina.ca/entry/ipsco_inc.jsp |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=esask.uregina.ca}}</ref> As of July 2007, it was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Swedish steel company [[SSAB]]. On June 12, 2008, Evraz completed its acquisition of IPSCO Inc. from SSAB for approximately US$2.9 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evraz Group S.A. completed its acquisition of IPSCO Inc. {{!}} McCarthy Tétrault |url=https://www.mccarthy.ca/en/work/cases/evraz-group-sa-completed-its-acquisition-ipsco-inc |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.mccarthy.ca |language=en}}</ref>

Regina has had the presence of oil refineries in the city. The [[CCRL Refinery Complex|Co-op Refinery Complex]] maintains an {{cvt|103000|oilbbl/d}} refinery and, together with the Province, an upgrading operation for [[heavy crude oil]].<ref>David Hanly, "Oil and Gas Industry," [http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/oil_and_gas_industry.html ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010004116/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/oil_and_gas_industry.html|date=10 October 2008}}. Retrieved 15 August 2008.</ref> [[Imperial Oil]] (the Canadian subsidiary of [[Standard Oil]], now [[ExxonMobil]]), maintained a refinery on Winnipeg Street in Regina for many years. This refinery shut down in 1975.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/regina-refinery-contamination-unkown-45-years-later-1.5738396 Geoff Leo, "Extent of contamination from former Regina refinery site still unknown 45 years after shutdown", ''CBC News'', October 5, 2020.]</ref>

In the 1990s, a couple of organizations relocated their headquarters to Regina. [[Farm Credit Canada]], a Federal Government Crown Corporation, relocated its headquarters to Regina from Ottawa in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Farm Credit Canada-Financement agricole |title=History {{!}} FCC |url=https://www.fcc-fac.ca/en/about-fcc/corporate-profile/history.html |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.fcc-fac.ca |language=en}}</ref> Crown Life, a significant Canadian and international insurance company, transferred its national head office from Toronto to Regina in 1993 but was acquired by [[Canada Life]] in 1998 and the corporate head office returned to Toronto, though with assurances that the company would retain a strong presence in Regina.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061016174940/http://www.canadalife.com/en/corporate/contente.nsf/AllDocs/588bae86dab0121206256a40004897e0?OpenDocument&AutoFramed Canada Life website, "Canada Life in Agreement with Crown Life; Strong Presence in Regina to Continue, Regina – May 26, 1998]. Retrieved 25 November 2007.</ref>

On 19 May 2009 it was announced that [[Viterra]] (formerly Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, becoming Viterra after acquisition of [[Agricore United]]), the largest grain handler in Canada, would acquire [[ABB Grain]] of [[Adelaide, South Australia]] in September 2009. The Head Office would be relocated to Regina, with the worldwide malting headquarters remaining in Adelaide. The two companies together are responsible for 37 percent of the world's exports of wheat, canola and barley.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://leaderpost.com/Business/Viterra+acquires+Australian+company/1609137/story.html |title=Viterra announces $1.4B deal to acquire Australian company |last=Johnstone |first=Bruce |date=19 May 2009 |newspaper=[[Regina Leader-Post]] |access-date=20 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609130348/http://www.leaderpost.com/Business/Viterra+acquires+Australian+company/1609137/story.html |archive-date=9 June 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lloydslistdcn.com.au/archive/2009/may/20/viterra-to-take-over-abb-grain-for-1.6bn|title=Viterra to take over ABB Grain for $1.6bn|last=Toevai|first=Sineva|date=20 May 2009|publisher=[[Lloyd's List DCN]]|access-date=20 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706110315/http://www.lloydslistdcn.com.au/archive/2009/may/20/viterra-to-take-over-abb-grain-for-1.6bn|archive-date=6 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20090519/pdf/31hp1sw6yzykj4.pdf |title= ABB Grain and Viterra Announce Agreement to Combine Operations |access-date= 31 May 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120324213454/http://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20090519/pdf/31hp1sw6yzykj4.pdf |archive-date= 24 March 2012 |url-status= live }}&nbsp;{{small|(54.1&nbsp;KB)}} ''ABB Grain'', 19 May 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2009.</ref>

[[The Mosaic Company]] has an office in Regina. This office serves as the headquarters for the company's Potash Business Unit.[https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1mzd2Xi1gb270-710bzZokc_B_IU&hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&ll=50.421065454220496%2C-104.21094146526123&spn=0.004764%2C0.007929&z=10&source=embed]