Reason

====Analogical reasoning====
{{Main|Analogical reasoning}}
Analogical reasoning is a form of inductive reasoning from a particular to a particular. It is often used in [[case-based reasoning]], especially legal reasoning.<ref>{{cite book |last=Walton |first=Douglas N. |title=Systematic Approaches to Argument by Analogy |chapter=Argumentation Schemes for Argument from Analogy |author-link=Douglas N. Walton |date=2014 |editor-last=Ribeiro |editor-first=Henrique Jales |series=Argumentation library |volume=25 |location=Cham; New York |publisher=[[Springer Verlag]] |pages=23–40 |isbn=978-3319063331 |oclc=884441074 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-06334-8_2|chapter-url=https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/crrarpub/15 }}</ref> An example follows:
{| {{Table}}
! Premise 1
| Socrates is human and mortal.
|-
! Premise 2
| Plato is human.
|-
! Conclusion 
| Plato is mortal.
|}

Analogical reasoning is a weaker form of inductive reasoning from a single example, because inductive reasoning typically uses a large number of examples to reason from the particular to the general.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Henderson |first=Leah |title=The Problem of Induction |encyclopedia= The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2022 |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/induction-problem/ |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University }}</ref> Analogical reasoning often leads to wrong conclusions. For example:
{| {{Table}}
! Premise 1
| Socrates is human and male.
|-
! Premise 2
| [[Ada Lovelace]] is human.
|-
! Conclusion 
| Ada Lovelace is male.
|}