Manchester

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Manchester}}
{{See also|List of companies based in Greater Manchester}}
{|class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
|+''GVA for <br />Greater Manchester South <br />2002–2012''<ref name="ONS regional GVA">{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/regional-accounts/regional-gross-value-added--income-approach-/december-2013/rft-nuts3.xls |title=Regional Gross Value Added (Income Approach) NUTS3 Tables |year=2013 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219210913/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/regional-accounts/regional-gross-value-added--income-approach-/december-2013/rft-nuts3.xls |archive-date=19 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! Year || GVA <br />(£ million) || Growth (%)
|-
| 2002 || 24,011 || {{increase}}{{0}}3.8%
|-
| 2003 || 25,063 || {{increase}}{{0}}4.4%
|-
| 2004 || 27,862 || {{increase}}{{0}}11.2%
|-
| 2005 || 28,579 || {{increase}}{{0}}2.6%
|-
| 2006 || 30,384 || {{increase}}{{0}}6.3%
|-
| 2007 || 32,011 || {{increase}}{{0}}5.4%
|-
| 2008 || 32,081 || {{increase}}{{0}}0.2%
|-
| 2009 || 33,186 || {{increase}}{{0}}3.4%
|-
| 2010 || 33,751 || {{increase}}{{0}}1.7%
|-
| 2011 || 33,468 || {{decrease}}{{0}}0.8%
|-
| 2012 || 34,755 || {{increase}}{{0}}3.8%
|-
| 2013 || 37,560 || {{increase}}{{0}}9.6%
|-
|}
[[File:Great Jackson Street Framework 2020.jpg|left|thumb|The Great Jackson Street skyscraper district under construction in Central Manchester]]
The [[Office for National Statistics]] does not produce economic data for the City of Manchester alone, but includes four other metropolitan boroughs, [[City of Salford|Salford]], [[Stockport]], [[Tameside]], [[Trafford]], in an area named Greater Manchester South, which had a [[Gross Value Added|GVA]] of £34.8&nbsp;billion. The economy grew relatively strongly between 2002 and 2012, when growth was 2.3 per cent above the national average.<ref name="Leeds.gov.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/LEH%2004%20Leeds%20Economy.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219012657/http://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/LEH%2004%20Leeds%20Economy.pdf |archive-date=19 December 2013 |title=The Leeds Economy |date=2004 |publisher=Leeds City Council |access-date=9 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The wider [[metropolitan economy]] is the third largest in the United Kingdom. It is ranked as a [[Alpha world city|beta world city]] by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]].<ref name="TheWorld">{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html |title=The World According to GaWC 2012 |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015239/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2097720_2097718_2097716,00.html |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

As the UK economy continues to recover from its 2008–2010 downturn, Manchester compares favourably according to recent figures. In 2012 it showed the strongest annual growth in business stock (5 per cent) of all [[Core Cities Group|core cities]].<ref name="Business Demography: Enterprise Births, Deaths and Survival Rates for 2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-329345 |title=Release Edition Reference Tables: Business Demography, 2012 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=27 November 2013 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012044341/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-329345 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The city had a relatively sharp increase in the number of business deaths, the largest increase in all the core cities, but this was offset by strong growth in new businesses, resulting in strong net growth.

Manchester's civic leadership has a reputation for business acumen.<ref name="econ">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21589234-led-london-big-cities-are-sucking-up-talent-jobs-and-investment-everywhere-else |title=Cities: The vacuum cleaners |newspaper=The Economist |date=9 November 2013 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720052053/http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21589234-led-london-big-cities-are-sucking-up-talent-jobs-and-investment-everywhere-else |archive-date=20 July 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> It owns two of the country's four busiest airports and uses its earnings to fund local projects.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-23513673 |title=Manchester Airports Group dividend windfall for councils |work=BBC News |date=31 July 2013 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015104426/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-23513673 |archive-date=15 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, [[KPMG]]'s competitive alternative report found that in 2012 Manchester had the 9th lowest tax cost of any industrialised city in the world,<ref name="indices">{{cite web |last1=Moonen |first1=Tim |last2=Clark |first2=Greg |url=http://www.jll.com/Research/jll-city-indices-november-2013.pdf |title=The Business of Cities 2013 |publisher=Jones Lang LaSalle IP |date=November 2013 |pages=78–79 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201083204/http://www.jll.com/Research/jll-city-indices-november-2013.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and fiscal devolution has come earlier to Manchester than to any other British city: it can keep half the extra taxes it gets from transport investment.<ref name=econ/>

KPMG's competitive alternative report also found that Manchester was Europe's most affordable city featured, ranking slightly better than the Dutch cities of [[Rotterdam]] and [[Amsterdam]], which all have a cost-of-living index of less than 95.<ref name="indices" />

Manchester is a city of contrast, where some of the country's most deprived and most affluent neighbourhoods can be found.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/500230/joint_strategic_needs_assessment/5683/south_manchester_living_in_the_area |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715075839/http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/500230/joint_strategic_needs_assessment/5683/south_manchester_living_in_the_area |archive-date=15 July 2014 |title=South Manchester: Living in the area: Introducing South Manchester |publisher=Manchester City Council |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3871857.stm |title=Wealth hotspots 'outside London' |work=BBC News |date=7 July 2004 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115093517/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3871857.stm |archive-date=15 January 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to 2010 [[Indices of Multiple Deprivation]], Manchester is the 4th most deprived local council in England.<ref name="gov.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6884/1871689.xls |title=The English Indices of Deprivation 2010: Local Authorities District Summaries File Notes |publisher=Department for Communities and Local Government |year=2010 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035526/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6884/1871689.xls |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unemployment throughout 2012–2013 averaged 11.9 per cent, which was above national average, but lower than some of the country's comparable large cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038432043/report.aspx?#tabempunemp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717103004/https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038432043/report.aspx |archive-date=17 July 2011 |title=Labour Market Profile: Manchester |publisher=Office for National Statistics |year=2010 |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> On the other hand, Greater Manchester is home to more multi-millionaires than anywhere outside London, with the City of Manchester taking up most of the tally.<ref>{{cite news |last=Robson |first=Steve |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/boom-city-manchester-has-more-super-rich-695230 |title=Boom city Manchester has more super-rich than anywhere outside London |newspaper=Manchester Evening News |date=17 September 2012 |access-date=9 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231024956/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/boom-city-manchester-has-more-super-rich-695230 |archive-date=31 December 2013}}</ref> In 2013 Manchester was ranked 6th in the UK for quality of life, according to a rating of the UK's 12 largest cities.<ref name="qol">{{cite web |last=Philipson |first=Alice |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/10386993/Bristol-is-best-city-to-live-in-the-UK.html |title=Bristol is 'best city to live in the UK' |work=The Telegraph |date=18 October 2013 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110040410/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/10386993/Bristol-is-best-city-to-live-in-the-UK.html |archive-date=10 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Women fare better in Manchester than the rest of the country in comparative pay with men. The per hours-worked [[gender pay gap]] is 3.3 per cent compared with 11.1 per cent for Britain.<ref name="2013 labour market profile">{{cite web |url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157083/report.aspx?town=manchester |title=Labour Market Profile: Manchester |publisher=Office for National Statistics |year=2013 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143922/http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157083/report.aspx?town=manchester |archive-date=11 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 37 per cent of the working-age population in Manchester have degree-level qualifications, as opposed to an average of 33 per cent across other core cities,<ref name="2013 labour market profile" /> although its schools under-perform slightly compared with the national average.<ref>{{cite web |title=Education and skills in your area: Manchester LA |url=http://www.education.gov.uk/inyourarea/results/lea_352_wards_3.shtml#03 |publisher=Department for Education |date=2012 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222205235/http://www.education.gov.uk/inyourarea/results/lea_352_wards_3.shtml#03 |archive-date=22 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Manchester has the largest UK office market outside London, according to GVA Grimley, with a quarterly office uptake (averaged over 2010–2014) of some 250,000 square feet – equivalent to the quarterly office uptake of [[Leeds]], Liverpool and [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] combined and 90,000 square feet more than the nearest rival, Birmingham.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Big Nine – Regional Office Review – Q4 2014 |url=http://www.gva.co.uk/research/the-big-nine-q4-2014 |publisher=GVA Grimley |date=2015 |access-date=16 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227054540/http://www.gva.co.uk/research/the-big-nine-q4-2014/ |archive-date=27 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The strong office market in Manchester has been partly attributed to "northshoring" (from [[offshoring]]), which entails the relocation or alternative creation of jobs away from the overheated South to areas where office space is possibly cheaper and the workforce market less saturated.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prepare for regional renaissance as businesses favour 'northshoring' |last=Oglesby |first=Chris |url=http://www.propertyweek.com/prepare-for-regional-renaissance-as-businesses-favour-%E2%80%98northshoring%E2%80%99/5041206.article |work=propertyweek.com |date=17 August 2012 |access-date=30 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006130352/http://www.propertyweek.com/prepare-for-regional-renaissance-as-businesses-favour-%E2%80%98northshoring%E2%80%99/5041206.article |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Panorama
 | image      = File:Manchester City Centre Skyline.jpg
 |alt         =
 | fullwidth  = 4200
 | fullheight = 477
 | caption    = A view of the Manchester skyline, January 2020
 | height     = 240
}}