Jaffa

====Late Ottoman-period economy====
{{See also|History of Palestinian journalism}}
In the 19th century, Jaffa was best known for its soap industry. Modern industry emerged in the late 1880s.<ref name=JCE>''Jaffa: A City in Evolution'' Ruth Kark, Yad Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, Jerusalem, 1990, pp. 256–257.</ref> The most successful enterprises were metalworking factories, among them the machine shop run by the [[Templers (religious believers)|Templers]] that employed over 100 workers in 1910.<ref name=JCE/> Other factories produced orange-crates, barrels, corks, noodles, ice, seltzer, candy, soap, olive oil, leather, alkali, wine, cosmetics and ink.<ref name=JCE/> Most of the newspapers and books printed in Ottoman Palestine were [[History of Palestinian journalism|published in Jaffa]].

In 1859, a Jewish visitor, [[Ludwig August von Frankl|L.A. Frankl]], found sixty-five Jewish families living in Jaffa, 'about 400 soul in all.' Of these four were shoemakers, three tailors, one silversmith and one watchmaker. There were also merchants and shopkeepers and 'many live by manual labour, porters, sailors, messengers, etc.'<ref>Dr Frankl, translated by P. Beaton, 'The Jews in the East'. Volume 1. Hurst and Blackett, London, 1859. Page 345. He adds 'The community is poor, and receives no alms from any quarter.' which resulted in some envy of the 'our bethren' in Jerusalem.</ref>