Gabriel

=== Tasks ===
Muslims believe that Gabriel was mainly tasked with transmitting the scriptures from God to the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|prophets and messengers]], as [[Asbab al-Nuzul]] or revelation<ref>{{qref|2|97|b=y}}.</ref> when Muhammad was questioned which angel is revealing the holy scriptures revelation, and Muhammad told the Jews it is revealed by Gabriel who is tasked to it.{{sfn|Noegel|Wheeler|2002|p=218}}

Muslims also revere Gabriel for a number of events predating what they regard as the first revelation, narrated in the Quran. Muslims believe that Gabriel was the angel who informed Zachariah ([[Zechariah in Islam|Zakariyyā]]) of Yaḥyā's ([[John the Baptist|John's]]) [[Nativity of St John the Baptist|birth]], as well as Mary ([[Islamic views of Mary|Maryam]]) of the future [[nativity of Jesus]];<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ibn Kathīr |first1=Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar |publisher=Darussalam |title=Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā'(Stories of the Prophets: [peace be upon them]) - Story of Zakariyyā (Zechariah) |date=2003 |isbn=9960892263 |edition=2nd |location=Riyadh, Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ibn Kathīr |first1=Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar|publisher=Darussalam |title=Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā' (Stories of the Prophets: [peace be upon them]) – Story of ʻĪsá (Jesus) |date=2003 |isbn=9960892263 |edition=2nd |location=Riyadh, Saudi Arabia}}</ref> and that Gabriel was one of three angels who had earlier informed [[Abraham]] (ʾIbrāhīm) of the birth of [[Isaac in Islam|Isaac]] ({{qref|51|24–30|pl=y}}).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ibn Kathīr |first1=Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar|publisher=Darussalam |title=Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā' (Stories of the Prophets: [peace be upon them]) – Story of Ismāʻīl (Ishmael) |date=2003 |isbn=9960892263 |edition=2nd |location=Riyadh, Saudi Arabia}}</ref> Gabriel also makes a famous appearance in the [[Hadith of Gabriel]], in which he questions Muhammad on the core tenets of Islam.<ref name="EoQ"/>

Gabriel is also believed to have delivered punishment from God to the [[Sodomites in Islam|Sodomites]] by leveling the entire Sodom city with a tip of his wing.<ref name="Nabi-Nabi Allah: Kisah Para Nabi dan Rasul Allah dalam Al-Qur'an">{{cite book |author1=Ahmad Bahgat |author1-link=Ahmad Bahgat |editor1-last=Ayu |translator1= Muhtadi Kadi |translator2=Musthofa Sukawi |editor1-first=Sudjilah |title=Nabi-Nabi Allah Kisah Para Nabi dan Rasul Allah dalam Al-Qur'an |trans-title=Prophets of Allah Stories of the Prophets and Messengers of Allah in the Qur'an |date=2007 |type=Religion / Islam / General, Religion / Islam / History |publisher=Qisthi Press |isbn=9789791303101 |page=137 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JLcDwAAQBAJ |access-date=3 March 2022 |language=id, ar}}</ref> According to a Hadith narrated by [[Abu Dharr al-Ghifari]], which is compiled by [[al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi]], Gabriel has an ability to regulate [[Feeling]] or [[Perception]] of humans, particularly a feel of happiness or sadness.<ref name="Suyuti; angel Jibril">{{cite book |author1=Al-Suyuti |author1-link=Al-Suyuti |editor1-last=Muhammad as Said Basyuni |translator=Mishabul Munir |editor1-first=Abu Hajir |editor2-last=Yasir |editor2-first=Muhammad |title=Misteri Alam Malaikat |date=2021 |type= Religion / Islam / General |publisher=Pustaka al-Kautsar |page=20 |isbn=9789795929512 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDxQEAAAQBAJ |access-date=6 February 2022 |language=id |quote=Quoting Ibnul Mubarak from a book of ''az-Zuhd''; ad Durr al-Manshur, chain narration from Ibnul Mubarak to Ibn Shihab (1/92)}}</ref> 

Gabriel is believed to have helped Muhammad overcome his adversaries significantly against a [[Ifrit|demon]] (''ʻifrīt'') during the [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mi'raj]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=al-Yahsubi |first1=Al-Qadi Iyad |title=الشفا بتعريف حقوق المصطفى (ص) [عربي/انكليزي] ترجمة(Ash-Shifa: Healing Through Defining the Rights of Prophet Muhammad [may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him]) |date=2013 |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah |location=Beirut, Lebanon |isbn=978-2-745-16073-7 |edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>[[Islam Issa (academic)|Issa, Islam]]. 2016. ''Milton in the Arab-Muslim World''. Taylor & Francis. {{ISBN|978-1-317-09592-7}}. p. 111.</ref> Gabriel is also believed to have helped Muhammad overcome his adversaries during the [[Battle of Badr]], where according to scholars and clerics of Islam, the various hadiths, both authentics and inauthentics, has mentioned that Gabriel,<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam">{{cite book |last1=al-Misri |first1=Mahmud |url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS3644.slims-9450 |title=Sahabat-Sahabat Rasulullah |date=2015 |publisher=Pustaka Ibnu Katsir |isbn=9789791294386 |volume=1: Zubair bin Awwan |page=[https://kalemtayeb.com/safahat/item/36531 Shaja'ah Zubayr ibn al-Awwam Radhiyallahu anh (bravery of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]; by {{ill|Mahmud al-Misri|ar|محمود المصري}}; official Book review by [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS1qvPSxq34 Basalamah]; quoting various supplementary sources such as Sahih Bukhari, [[Sahih Muslim]], Siyar A'lam Nubala, [[Al-Tirmidhi]], [[Prophetic biography]] of Ibn Hisham, etc. |language=id, ar |trans-title=Companion of the Prophet vol 1: Zubair bin Awwam |access-date=6 November 2021}}</ref> [[Michael (archangel)|Michael]], [[Israfil|Raphael]],<ref name="Israfil" />{{#tag:ref|Found in Mustadrak al Sahihayn.<ref>{{cite book |last1=al-Nishapuri |first1=al-Hakim |title=al Mustadrak ala Sahihayn |publisher=Islamweb |location=Islamweb |url=https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&idfrom=4305&idto=4307&bk_no=74&ID=1899 |access-date=13 December 2021 |chapter=Kitabu Ma'rifat Shahabatu Radhiyallahu Anhum: Gabriel, Michael and Israfil descend in the Battle of Badr. |quote=4488 - Narrated Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ya'kub, through Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Saadi , on the authority of Muhammad bin Khalid bin Athmah, on the authority of Musa bin Yaqub , who reported Abu Huwayrith , that Muhammad bin Jabir bin Mut'im, told him}}</ref> The complete narration from [[Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri]] were: "Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yaqoub has reported from Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al-Saadi,  who told us Muhammad bin Khalid bin Uthma, told us Musa bin Yaqoub, told me Abu Al-Huwairith, that Muhammad bin Jubayr bin Mut’im told him, that he heard Ali - may God be pleased with him - addresses the people, and he said: While I was leaving from the well of Badr, a strong wind came, the like of which I had never seen, then it left, then came a strong wind, the like of which I have never seen except for the one before it, then it went, then came a strong wind that I did not see before. I have never seen anything like it except for the one before it, and the first wind was Gabriel descended among a thousand angels with the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - and the second wind was Michael who descended among a thousand angels to the right of the Messenger of God - may God bless him and his family and grant them peace - and Abu Bakr was On his right, and the third wind was Israfil. He descended with a thousand angels on the side of the Messenger of God - may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family - and I was on the right side. When God Almighty defeated his enemies, the Messenger of God - may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family - carried me on his horse, I blew up, and I fell On my heels, I prayed to God Almighty …" {{ill|Ibn al Mulqin|id|Ibnu Al-Mulaqqin}}, Hadith scholar from Cordoba of 13-14 AD century, evaluate this hadith that he found weaknesses in Musa ibn Yaqoub and Abu al Huwairith chain, so he deemed there is weakness about this hadith.<ref name="Al Mulqin Mukhtaras">{{cite web |last1=Abu Hafs Umar bin Ali bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Anshari Al-Wadi Asyi Al-Andalusi At-Tukuruwi Al-Mishri Asy-Syafi`i |first1=Sirajuddin |title=كتاب مختصر تلخيص الذهبي|trans-title=kitab mukhtasar talkhis aldhahabii |url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/33911/1160 |website=Islamweb |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> However, recent scholarship from Ali Hasan al-Halabi has noted there is another hadith which supported the participation of Raphael in Badr<ref name="Israfil">{{cite web |last1=Hakim |first1=Saifuddin |title=Apakah Malaikat Israfil Bertugas Meniup Sangkakala pada Hari Kiamat? (1) |url=https://muslim.or.id/24549-apakah-malaikat-israfil-bertugas-meniup-sangkakala-pada-hari-kiamat-1.html |website=Muslim.or.id |access-date=14 December 2021 |language=id|date=2015 |quote=[ يا آدم بر حجك ]   " ما يروى عن آدم -عليه السلام- أنه لما حج قالت له الملائكة: «يا آدم بر حجك»: غير ثابت. "  [من فوائد جلسة مع طلبة العلم /16/ذو الحجة/1432 ] __________________ " ... فهل يحسن بنا وقد أنضينا قرائحنا في تعلم هذه السنة المطهرة، وبذلنا في العمل بها جهد المستطيع، وركبنا المخاطر في الدعوة إليها؛ هل يحسن بنا بعد هذا كله أن نسكت لهؤلاء عن هذه الدعوى الباطلة، ونوليهم منا ما تولوا ونبلعهم ريقهم، وهل يحسن بنا أن لا يكون لنا في الدفاع عنها ما كان منا في الدعوة إليها؟ إنا إذن لمقصرون!..."}}</ref>|group="N"}}{{#tag:ref|According to Islamic belief in weak chain of Hadith, Raphael were acknowledged as angel who were tasked to blower of [[Armageddon]] trumpet, and one of archangels who bear the [[Throne of God]] on their back.<ref name="Israfil2">{{cite web |last1=Hakim |first1=Saifuddin |title=Apakah Malaikat Israfil Bertugas Meniup Sangkakala pada Hari Kiamat? (2)|trans-title=Does angel Raphael tasked to blow the trumpet of Armageddon in the day of judgment? (2) |url=https://muslim.or.id/24567-apakah-malaikat-israfil-bertugas-meniup-sangkakala-pada-hari-kiamat-2.html |website=Muslim.or.id |access-date=14 December 2021 |language=id|date=2015 |quote=Tafsir Al-Qurthubi, 7/20 (Maktabah Syamilah);  At-Tadzkirah bi Ahwaalil Mauta wa Umuuril Akhirah, 1/488 (Maktabah Syamilah).;  Fathul Baari 11/368 (Maktabah Syamilah); see Al-Imaan bimaa Ba’dal Maut, p. 112. ; Syarh Al-Ibanah: Al-Imaan bin Nafkhi Ash-Shuur, 5/33.; Syarh Al-‘Aqidah Al-Washithiyyah, 1/59-60 (Maktabah Asy-Syamilah). while in another book: وذلك أن الله سبحانه وتعالى يأمر اسرافيل وهو أحد الملائكة الموكلين بحمل العرش أن ينفخ في الصور  (Syarh Al-‘Aqidah As-Safariyaniyyah, 1/467).}}</ref>|group="N"}} and thousands of [[Angels in Islam|best angels]] from third level of heaven, all came to the battle of Badr by impersonating the appearance of [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]], a [[Companions of the Prophet]] and bodyguard of the prophet.{{#tag:ref|According to one Hadith, Muhammad were told that the angels that appeared in the battle of Badr were highest in status and the "best of angels" according to Gabriel in Hadith narrated by Muhammad.<ref name="Lives Of The Sahaba 39 – Az-Zubayr Ibn Al-Awwam – PT 01">{{cite web |last1=Qadhi |first1=Yasir|author-link1=Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi |title=Lives Of The Sahaba 39 – Az-Zubayr Ibn Al-Awwam – PT 01 |url=https://muslimcentral.com/yasir-qadhi-lives-sahaba-az-zubayr-ibn-al-awwam/ |website=Muslim Central Audio |access-date=4 December 2021 |date=2016}}</ref>|group="N"}}<ref name="Tarikh Dimashq 2">{{harvtxt|Bin Al-Hassan|Al-Dimashqi|first2=Ibn Asaker|2012|p=622, Al-Zubayr told us, he said: And Abu Al-Makarram Uqbah bin Makram Al-Dhabi told me, Musab bin Salam Al-Tamimi told me, on the authority of Saad bin Tarif, on the authority of Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Ali, he said: On the day of Badr, Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam had a yellow turban}}.</ref> This is deemed as Zubayr personal honor according to Islamic belief.{{sfn|Rizqullah|2005|p=410}}{{sfn|Abasoomar|Abasoomar|2016 }}{{#tag:ref|According to one narration, during the battle, Muhammad has found an angel whom he though as Zubayr standing next to him, which then prompted Muhammad to command him to attack, which the angel, in Zubayr appearance, simply replied, "I am not Zubayr". Thus, according to Hadith expert this another indication that the angels truly came down with the appearance of Zubayr during Badr.<ref name="Kisah Teladan 20 Shahabat Nabi untuk Anak">{{cite book |last1=Ahmad Ath-Thahir |first1=Hamid |type=Doctor |title=Kisah Teladan 20 Shahabat Nabi untuk Anak |date=2017 |publisher=Hikam Pustaka |isbn=9786236843703 |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-61VEAAAQBAJ |access-date=29 December 2021 |language=id}}</ref>|group="N"}} Meanwhile, [[Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri]] has recorded in his [[historiography]] works of Quran and Hadith revelation in [[Prophetic biography]], that [[Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas]] testified he saw two unidentified warriors clad in white had protected Muhammad during the [[Battle of Uhud]], that later being confirmed by Muhammad those two unidentified warriors were Jibril and [[Michael (archangel)|Mikail]] in disguise.<ref name="eve of battle of Uhud & Ahzab">{{cite book |author1=Mubarakpuri |first=Safiur Rahman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BWhgEAAAQBAJ |title=Periode Madinah; Aktivitas Militer Menjelang Perang Uhud dan Perang Ahzab |date=2021 |publisher=Hikam Pustaka |isbn=9786233114158 |editor1-last=Nayra |editor1-first=Abu |pages=78–79 |language=id |translator=Abu Ahsan |trans-title=Medina period: military activity on the eve of battle of Uhud & Ahzab |type=Religion / General, Religion / Islam / General, Religion / Islam / History, Religion / Reference |format=ebook |access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref>

Moreover, he is believed to have further encouraged Muhammad to wage war and attack the [[Jewish tribes of Arabia|Jewish tribe]] of [[Banu Qurayza]].<ref name="Reynolds 2014"/><ref name="Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari: Arabic-English · Volume 5">{{cite book |author1=Khan |first=Muhammad Muhsin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdclAQAAMAAJ |title=Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari: Arabic–English |date=1997 |publisher=[[Darussalam Publishers]] |isbn=9789960717319 |volume=5 |page=269 |language=en |type=Hadith – Early works to 1800 |author1-link=Muhammad Muhsin Khan |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> Another appearance of Gabriel in Islamic religious texts were found in numerous Hadiths during the [[Battle of Hunayn]], where the Gabriel stood next to Muhammad.<ref name="The Book of the Jihad of 'Ali Ibn Tahir Al-Sulami (d. 1106)">{{cite book |author1=Christie |first=Niall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ii5EDwAAQBAJ |title=The Book of the Jihad of 'Ali Ibn Tahir Al-Sulami (d. 1106) Text, Translation and Commentary |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781317040118 |editor1-last=Christie |editor1-first=Niall |page=302 |language=en |type=History / Europe / Medieval, History / Middle East / General, Jihad – Early works to 1800 |format=ebook |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> 

Other [[Islamic holy books|Islamic texts]] and some [[Apocryphal literature]] also supported Gabriel's role as a celestial warrior.<ref name="Reynolds 2014"/><ref>Burge, Stephen. 2015. ''Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik''. Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1-136-50473-0}} p. 204.</ref> Though alternate theories exist, whether the occurrence of the [[Holy Spirit]] in the Quran refers to Gabriel or not, remains an issue of scholarly debate.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} However, a clear distinction between apocryphal and Quranic references to Gabriel is that the former doesn't designate him as the Holy Spirit in the [[Book of Enoch|First Book of Enoch]], which narrates the story of Gabriel defeating the [[Nephilim]].<ref name="Reynolds 2014"/>