Cerebral palsy

====Spastic====
{{main|Spastic cerebral palsy}}
Spastic cerebral palsy is the type of cerebral palsy characterized by [[spasticity]] or high muscle tone often resulting in stiff, jerky movements.<ref name=":0:" /> Itself an [[umbrella term]] encompassing [[spastic hemiplegia]], [[spastic diplegia]], [[spastic quadriplegia]] and – where solely one limb or one specific area of the body is affected – spastic monoplegia. Spastic cerebral palsy affects the [[motor cortex]]<ref name=":0:" /> of the brain, a specific portion of the [[cerebral cortex]] responsible for the planning and completion of voluntary movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/m/s3/chapter03.html|title=Chapter 3: The motor cortex| vauthors = Knierim J |date=2020|website=Neuroscience online: An electronic textbook of the neurosciences from the University of Texas at Houston|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217070517/https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/m/s3/chapter03.html|archive-date=17 December 2019|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref>  Spastic CP is the most common type of overall cerebral palsy, representing about 80% of cases.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/cp/facts.html|title=What is Cerebral Palsy? {{!}} CDC|last=CDC|date=2018-04-18|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> [[Botulinum toxin]] is effective in decreasing [[spasticity]].<ref name=Farag2020/> It can help increase range of motion which could help mitigate CPs effects on the growing bones of children.<ref name=Farag2020/> There may be an improvement in motor functions in the children and ability to walk. however, the main benefit derived from botulinum toxin A comes from its ability to reduce muscle tone and spasticity and thus prevent or delay the development of fixed muscle contractures.<ref name=Farag2020/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nolan KW, Cole LL, Liptak GS | title = Use of botulinum toxin type A in children with cerebral palsy | journal = Physical Therapy | volume = 86 | issue = 4 | pages = 573–584 | date = April 2006 | pmid = 16579673 | doi = 10.1093/ptj/86.4.573 | doi-access = free }}</ref>