COVID-19 pandemic Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==== Vaccines ==== {{Main|COVID-19 vaccine}} {{See also|History of COVID-19 vaccine development|Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines}} [[File:Elderly Slovak woman receiving her third Covid-19 vaccine 02.jpg|thumb|An elderly woman receiving a COVID-19 vaccination in [[Slovakia]]]] A COVID-19 [[vaccine]] is intended to provide [[acquired immunity]] against [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS‑CoV‑2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 ([[COVID-19]]). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of [[coronavirus]]es causing diseases like [[severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS) and [[Middle East respiratory syndrome]] (MERS). This knowledge accelerated the development of various [[vaccine platform]]s during early 2020.<ref name="pmid33341119">{{#invoke:cite journal ||vauthors=Li YD, Chi WY, Su JH, Ferrall L, Hung CF, Wu TC |date=December 2020 |title=Coronavirus vaccine development: from SARS and MERS to COVID-19 |journal=Journal of Biomedical Science |volume=27 |issue=1 |page=104 |doi=10.1186/s12929-020-00695-2 |pmc=7749790 |pmid=33341119|doi-access=free}}</ref> The initial focus of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was on preventing symptomatic and severe illness.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Subbarao K |date=July 2021 |title=The success of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and challenges ahead |journal=Cell Host & Microbe |volume=29 |issue=7 |pages=1111–1123 |doi=10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.016 |pmc=8279572 |pmid=34265245}}</ref> The COVID-19 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the severity and death caused by COVID-19.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/danvergano/mrna-covid-vaccine-success |title=COVID-19 Vaccines Work Way Better Than We Had Ever Expected. Scientists Are Still Figuring Out Why. |date=5 June 2021 | vauthors = Vergano D |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Mallapaty S, Callaway E, Kozlov M, Ledford H, Pickrell J, Van Noorden R | title = How COVID vaccines shaped 2021 in eight powerful charts | journal = Nature | volume = 600 | issue = 7890 | pages = 580–583 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34916666 | doi = 10.1038/d41586-021-03686-x | s2cid = 245262732 | bibcode = 2021Natur.600..580M }}</ref> As of March 2023, more than 5.5 billion people had received one or more doses<ref>{{#invoke:cite news|| vauthors = Holder J |date=29 January 2021 |title=Tracking Coronavirus Vaccinations Around the World |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-vaccinations-tracker.html |access-date=23 December 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> (11.8 billion in total) in over 197 countries. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was the most widely used.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||author=The Visual and Data Journalism Team|title=Covid vaccines: How fast is progress around the world?|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-56237778|access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref> According to a June 2022 study, COVID-19 vaccines prevented an additional 14.4 million to 19.8 million deaths in 185 countries and territories from 8 December 2020 to 8 December 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||vauthors=Watson OJ, Barnsley G, Toor J, Hogan AB, Winskill P, Ghani AC |date=June 2022 |title=Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study |journal=[[The Lancet Infectious Diseases]] |volume=22 |issue=9 |pages=1293–1302 |doi=10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00320-6 |pmc=9225255 |pmid=35753318 |doi-access=free |title-link=doi}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=24 June 2022 |title=COVID-19 vaccines saved nearly 20 million lives in a year, study says |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-19-vaccine-saved-nearly-20-million-lives-in-a-year-study-says/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629025146/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-19-vaccine-saved-nearly-20-million-lives-in-a-year-study-says/ |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> On 8 November 2022, the first recombinant protein-based COVID-19 vaccine (Novavax's booster [[Nuvaxovid]]) was authorized for use in adults in the United Kingdom. It has subsequently received endorsement/authorization from the WHO, US, European Union, and Australia.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hammershaimb |first1=E. Adrianne |last2=Tapia |first2=Milagritos D. |title=Can protein vaccines for COVID-19 win over the vaccine-hesitant? |journal=Expert Review of Vaccines |date=31 December 2023 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=210–212 |doi=10.1080/14760584.2023.2182293 |pmid=36803364 |s2cid=257069394 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14760584.2023.2182293 |access-date=27 May 2023 |issn=1476-0584}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Parums |first1=DV |title=Editorial: First Approval of the Protein-Based Adjuvanted Nuvaxovid (NVX-CoV2373) Novavax Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 Could Increase Vaccine Uptake and Provide Immune Protection from Viral Variants. |journal=Medical Science Monitor |date=1 March 2022 |volume=28 |pages=e936523 |doi=10.12659/MSM.936523 |pmid=35228506 |pmc=8897963 }}</ref> On 12 November 2022, the WHO released its Global Vaccine Market Report. The report indicated that "inequitable distribution is not unique to COVID-19 vaccines"; countries that are not economically strong struggle to obtain vaccines.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=WHO releases first data on global vaccine market since COVID-19 |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/09-11-2022-who-releases-first-data-on-global-vaccine-market-since-covid-19 |website=www.who.int |access-date=12 November 2022 }}</ref> On 14 November 2022, the first inhalable vaccine was introduced, developed by Chinese biopharmaceutical company [[CanSino Biologics#COVID-19 vaccine development|CanSino Biologics]], in the city of Shanghai, China.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Graham |first1=Flora |title=Daily briefing: China reports first roll-out of inhalable COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03548-0 |access-date=27 May 2023 |journal=Nature |publisher=Springer Nature |date=1 November 2022 |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-03548-0}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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