C-SPAN

==Audience==
The C-SPAN networks are available in more than 100&nbsp;million households {{As of|2010|lc=y}}, not including access to the C-SPAN websites.<ref name=Harrington>{{cite news |title=C-SPAN: TV's Political Insider in Washington |author=Linda M. Harrington |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-31/entertainment/9310310307_1_c-span-vote-on-campaign-finance-gavel-to-gavel |date=October 31, 1993 |access-date=May 22, 2013}}</ref><ref name=Bedard>{{cite web |url=http://politics.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2010/06/22/brian-lamb-c-span-now-reaches-100-million-homes.html |title=Brian Lamb: C-SPAN Now Reaches 100 Million Homes |first=Paul|last=Bedard |date=June 22, 2010 |work=usnews.com |publisher=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=November 22, 2010}}</ref> More than 7,000 telephone callers have participated with discussion on ''Washington Journal'' {{As of|2009|3|18|lc=y |df=US}}.<ref name =Miller>{{cite news |title=C-SPAN Marks 30 Years of Riveting Television |first=Tricia|last=Miller |newspaper=[[Roll Call]] |location=Washington, D.C. |date=March 18, 2009 |url=http://www.rollcall.com/issues/54_104/-33228-1.html |access-date=February 8, 2011}}</ref> There are no official viewing statistics for C-SPAN because the network, which has no commercials or underwriting advertisements, does not use the [[Nielsen ratings]].<ref name=Harden/> However, there have been a number of surveys providing estimates:
* A 1994 survey found that 8.6% of the U.S. population regularly watched C-SPAN.<ref name=Harden/>
* In 2004 this figure increased to 12% of the U.S. population, according to a [[Pew Research Center]] survey, while 31% of the population was categorized as occasional viewers.<ref name=Marcus/> More than 28&nbsp;million people said they watched C-SPAN programming each week.<ref name=Wallace/>
* A March 2009 [[Peter D. Hart|Hart Research]] survey found that 20% of homes with cable television watch C-SPAN at least once a week, for an estimated 39&nbsp;million Americans.<ref name=C-SPAN>{{cite web |url=http://legacy.c-span.org/30Years/media-release.aspx#30years |title=Marking 30 years. Covering Washington like no other. |date=March 19, 2009 |work=c-span.org |publisher=C-SPAN |access-date=March 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819230432/http://legacy.c-span.org/30Years/media-release.aspx#30years |archive-date=August 19, 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
* A 2010 poll conducted by C-SPAN and [[Penn Schoen Berland]] estimates that 79&nbsp;million adults in the U.S. watched C-SPAN at some time from 2009 to 2010.<ref name=CSPAN>{{cite web|url=http://www.c-span.org/PDF/C-SPANHouseAccessibilityPollPressRelease.pdf |title=American Voters Suggest How to Make Congress More Accessible |date=November 17, 2010 |work=c-span.org |publisher=C-SPAN |access-date=November 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128122005/http://www.c-span.org/PDF/C-SPANHouseAccessibilityPollPressRelease.pdf |archive-date=November 28, 2010 }}</ref>
* In January 2013, Hart Research conducted another survey which showed that 47&nbsp;million adults, or 24% of adults with access to cable television, watch C-SPAN weekly.<ref name="JohnEggerton">{{cite news |title=Exclusive: C-SPAN Study Finds Almost Quarter of Cable/Satellite Subs Watch Weekly Audience is up 4% since last Hart Research survey |first=John|last=Eggerton |url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/492404-Exclusive_C_SPAN_Study_Finds_Almost_Quarter_of_Cable_Satellite_Subs_Watch_Weekly.php |newspaper=[[Broadcasting & Cable]] |date=March 19, 2013 |access-date=March 22, 2013}}</ref><ref name="JenniferHarper">{{cite news |title=C-SPAN the emerging hipster network: its audience 'trends young' |first=Jennifer|last=Harper |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/blog/watercooler/2013/mar/19/c-span-emerging-hipster-network-its-audience-trend/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Times]] |date=March 19, 2013 |access-date=March 22, 2013}}</ref> Of the 47&nbsp;million regular C-SPAN viewers, 51% are male and 49% female; 26% are liberal, 31% conservative, and 39% moderate. About half are college graduates. 28% of 18-to-49-year-olds report watching at least once a week, as do 19% of 50- to 64-year-olds, and 22% of those over age 65.<ref name="JenniferHarper"/>
*In February 2017, Ipsos Audience conducted another survey which showed that 70&nbsp;million adults, or 36% of adults with access to cable television, watch C-SPAN on a given six-month period. Of the 70&nbsp;million regular C-SPAN viewers, 52% are male and 48% female; 25% are [[Western United States|West]] viewers, 22% [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]], 20% [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]] and 33% [[Southern United States|South]]. 28% identified themselves as liberal, 27% conservative, and 36% moderate. 51% of all viewers are 18–44 years old.