Americas Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Demography == === Population === {{Further|List of countries in the Americas by population}} In 2021 the total population of the Americas was about 1.03 billion people, divided as follows: * North America: 596.6 million (includes Central America and the [[Caribbean]]) * South America: 434.3 million === Largest urban centers === {{See also|Largest cities in the Americas|List of metropolitan areas in the Americas by population}} There are three urban centers that each hold titles for being the largest population area based on the three main demographic concepts:<ref name=wider>{{cite web |url=http://www.wider.unu.edu/stc/repec/pdfs/wp2010/wp2010-12.pdf |title=Urban Settlement |work=Working Paper No. 2010/12 |author1=[[David E. Bloom]] |author2=[[David Canning]] |author3=Günther Fink |author4=Tarun Khanna |author5=Patrick Salyer |location=Helsinki |publisher=[[World Institute for Development Economics Research]] |access-date=May 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613200208/http://www.wider.unu.edu/stc/repec/pdfs/wp2010/wp2010-12.pdf |archive-date=June 13, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[City proper]] :A city proper is the locality with legally fixed boundaries and an administratively recognized urban status that is usually characterized by some form of local government.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kästle |first=Klaus |url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/most_pop_cities_usa.htm |title=United States most populated cities |publisher=Nationsonline.org |date=August 31, 2009 |access-date=July 26, 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100722100011/http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/most_pop_cities_usa.htm| archive-date= July 22, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=6 |title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database |publisher=United Nations |access-date=July 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822053414/http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=6 |archive-date=August 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/demographic/sconcerns/densurb/densurbanNotes.htm|title=United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics|publisher=Millenniumindicators.un.org|access-date=July 26, 2010|archive-date=June 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623192351/http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/demographic/sconcerns/densurb/densurbanNotes.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Demographic Yearbook 2005, Volume 57|year=2008|publisher=United Nations|isbn=978-92-1-051099-8|page=756|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OwfGJtkpCbwC&q=locality%20with%20legally%20fixed%20boundaries%20and%20an%20administratively%20recognized%20urban%20status%20that%20is%20usually%20characterized%20by%20some%20form%20of%20local%20government&pg=PA241|access-date=July 19, 2010}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs|title=Demographic yearbook, 2000 |year=2002 |publisher= United Nations Publications, 2002|isbn=92-1-051091-7 |page=23 }}</ref> * [[Urban area]] :An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets. Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization and do not include large swaths of rural land, as do metropolitan areas.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} * [[Metropolitan area]] :Unlike an urban area, a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area, but also satellite cities ''plus intervening rural land'' that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city, typically by employment ties through commuting, with the urban core city being the primary labor market.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} In accordance with these definitions, the three largest population centers in the Americas are: [[Mexico City]], anchor to the largest metropolitan area in the Americas; New York City, anchor to the largest urban area in the Americas; and São Paulo, the largest city proper in the Americas. All three cities maintain [[Global city#Alpha|Alpha]] classification and large scale influence. <gallery class="center" widths="230" heights="200" caption="Urban centers within the Americas"> File:Mexico City Reforma skyline (cropped).jpg|[[Greater Mexico City|Mexico City]] – largest metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of 22,300,000 in 2017 File:CENU, São Paulo, Brasil (cropped).jpg|[[São Paulo]] – largest city in the Americas, with a population of 12,038,175 (city) in 2016 File:Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg|[[New York metropolitan area|New York City]] – largest urban area in the Americas, with a population of 18,351,295 in 2010 </gallery> {| class="sortable wikitable" |- !Country !City !City Population !Metro Area Population |- |Mexico||[[Mexico City]] |8,864,000 |22,300,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.conapo.gob.mx/work/models/CONAPO/Resource/1206/2/images/Proyecciones_de_Poblacion_ZM.xlsx|title=Proyecciones de la población de las zonas metropolitanas, 2010–2030|publisher=Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO)|language=es|access-date=January 9, 2016}}</ref> |- |Brazil||[[São Paulo]] |12,038,175 |21,742,939<ref>{{cite web|title=Cidade de São Paulo chega a 12 milhões de habitantes|url=http://sao-paulo.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,cidade-de-sao-paulo-chega-a-12-milhoes-de-habitantes,10000072909|publisher=Estadao|language=pt|access-date=August 30, 2016}}</ref> |- |United States||[[New York City]] |8,405,837<ref>{{cite news|title=New York City Population Hits Record High|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2014/03/27/new-york-city-population-hits-record-high/|website=The Wall Street Journal|date=March 27, 2014|access-date=September 6, 2014|last1=Saul|first1=Michael Howard}}</ref> |19,949,502<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013 – United States – Metropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico |website=Census Bureau |access-date=September 6, 2014 |df=mdy }}</ref> |- |Argentina||[[Buenos Aires]] |2,891,082<ref name=indecpop/> |15,594,428<ref name=indecpop/> |- |United States||[[Los Angeles]] |3,928,864<ref>[https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/newsroom/releases/2015/cb15-89_graphic.jpg 1 Million Milestone] US Census Bureau</ref> |13,131,431<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |title=U.S. Census website |author1=Data Access and Dissemination Systems |work=census.gov |df=mdy }}</ref> |} === Ethnology === {{unreferenced section|date=June 2014}} [[File:America ethnic map (about 1880).JPG|thumb|Ethnic map of the Americas (about 1880) by [[Heinrich Berghaus]]]] The population of the Americas is made up of the descendants of four large [[ethnic group]]s and their combinations. * The [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas]], being Amerindians and [[Inuit]]-[[Yupik peoples|Yupik]]-[[Aleut|Unangan]]. * Those of European ancestry, mainly Spanish, English, Irish, [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], [[Germans|German]], [[Italians|Italian]], [[French people|French]], and [[Dutch people|Dutch]]. * Those of [[African diaspora in the Americas|African]] ancestry, mainly of West African descent. * [[Asian people|Asians]], that is, those of [[East Asia]]n, [[South Asia]]n, and [[Southeast Asia]]n ancestry. * [[Mestizo]]s ([[Métis|Métis people]] in Canada), those of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry. * [[Mulatto]]es, people of mixed African and European ancestry. * [[Zambo]]s (Spanish) or Cafuzos (Portuguese), those of mixed African and Indigenous ancestry. The majority of the population lives in [[Latin America]], named for its predominant cultures, rooted in [[Languages of Europe#Romance|Latin Europe]] (including the two dominant languages, Spanish and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], both [[Romance languages]]), more specifically in the [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberian]] nations of [[Portugal]] and Spain (hence the use of the term [[Ibero-America]] as a synonym). Latin America is typically contrasted with [[Anglo-America]], where English, a [[Germanic languages|Germanic language]], is prevalent, and which comprises Canada (with the exception of [[Canadian French|Francophone Canada]] rooted in Latin Europe [France]—see [[Quebec]] and [[Acadia]]) and the United States. Both countries are located in North America, with cultures deriving predominantly from [[British people|British]] and other [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] roots. === Black population === [[File:Slavery in Brazil, by Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768-1848).jpg|thumb|300px|''Slavery in Brazil'' by [[Jean-Baptiste Debret]] (1834–1839).]] The transatlantic slave trade brought millions of Africans to the territories of the Americas under the colonial rule of European powers. In South America, [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]] played a significant role in the trafficking of enslaved Africans, with estimates suggesting that around 40% of all Africans forcibly brought to the Americas were taken to Brazil alone, to work primarily in sugar cane plantations, mining, and agricultural endeavors.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rawley |first1=James A. |title=The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History}}</ref> In North America, the [[British Empire]] was heavily involved in the transatlantic slave trade, with the establishment of colonies such as Virginia, where enslaved Africans were primarily used as labor in tobacco plantations and later in other agricultural and domestic sectors. This system perpetuated for centuries, shaping the socio-economic landscape of all nations of the hemisphere. After the [[Haitian Revolution]] which started in 1791 leaded by [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] and was the only successful slave revolt in History, the world's first black republic was stablished. It started with the massacre of the white population, between 3,000 and 5,000 white men and women of all ages were killed. Dessalines declared: {{Text and translation | Oui, nous avons rendu à ces vrais cannibales guerre pour guerre, crimes pour crimes, outrages pour outrages.<br> Oui, j’ai sauvé mon pays, j’ai vengé l’Amérique. | Yes, we have rendered to these true cannibals war for war, crime for crime, outrage for outrage;<br> Yes, I have saved my country – I have avenged America. | Dessalines, first president of the Republic of Haiti, 1804<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ardouin |first1=Beaubrun |title=Étude sur l'histoire d'Haïti. Vol. 6 |date=1853 |pages=66–67 |url=https://archive.org/details/tudessurlhisto06ardo/page/66/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://haitidoi.com/2013/08/02/i-have-avenged-america/|title=I Have Avenged America|author=Julia Gaffield, PhD|date=August 2, 2013 }}</ref> }} === Religion === {{further|Religion in Latin America|Religion in North America|Christianity in the Americas|Islam in the Americas}} The most prevalent faiths in the Americas are as follows: * Christianity (86 percent)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ | work=Pew | title=Global Christianity | date=December 19, 2011 }}</ref> ** Roman Catholicism: Practiced by 69 percent<ref name=pewlat>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/11/13/religion-in-latin-america/|title=2014 Religion in Latin America |date=November 13, 2014 |access-date=November 16, 2014}}</ref> of the Latin American population (61 percent<ref name=pewlat /> in Brazil whose Roman Catholic population of 134 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2013/03/america-latina-abriga-40-dos-catolicos-do-mundo.html|title=América Latina abriga 40% dos católicos do mundo|first=France|last=Presse|date=March 13, 2013|website=Mundo}}</ref> is the greatest of any nation's), approximately 24 percent of the United States' population<ref name="CIAWFB">{{cite web | title = United States | work = CIA World Factbook | publisher = [[Central Intelligence Agency]] | date = November 16, 2010 | url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ | access-date=November 30, 2010}}</ref> and about 39 percent of Canada's.<ref name="religion2011d">{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm?HPA|title=Religions in Canada—Census 2011|date=May 8, 2013|publisher=Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada}}</ref> ** Protestantism: Practiced mostly in the United States, where half of the population are Protestant, Canada, with slightly more than a quarter of the population, and Greenland; there is a growing contingent of [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] and [[Pentecostal]] movements in predominantly Catholic Latin America.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2005/s1348759.htm|title=The World Today – Catholics faced with rise in Protestantism|date=April 19, 2005|publisher=ABC|location=Australia|access-date=October 5, 2010}}</ref> ** [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]: Found mostly in the United States (1 percent) and Canada; this Christian group is growing faster than many other Christian groups in Canada and now represents roughly 3 percent of the Canadian population.<ref name="religion2011d" /> ** [[Non-denominational Christianity|Non-denominational Christians]] and other Christians (some 1,000 different Christian denominations and sects practiced in the Americas). * [[Irreligion]]: About 12 percent, including atheists and agnostics, as well as those who profess some form of spirituality but do not identify themselves as members of any organized religion. * Islam: Together, Muslims constitute about 1 percent of the North American population and 0.3 percent of all Latin Americans. It is practiced by 3 percent <ref name="religion2011d" /> of Canadians and 0.6 percent of the U.S. population.<ref name="CIAWFB" /> [[Argentina]] has the largest Muslim population in Latin America with up to 600,000 persons, or 1.5 percent of the population.<ref name=stateirf>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71446.htm|title=Argentina|work=International Religious Freedom Report|publisher=U.S. Department of State|year=2006|access-date=September 1, 2009}}</ref> * Judaism (practiced by 2 percent of North Americans—approximately 2.5 percent of the U.S. population and 1.2 percent of Canadians<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jcpa.org/cjc/cjc-robinson-06.htm|title=Canadian Jewry Today: Portrait of a Community in the Process of Change – Ira Robinson|publisher=Jcpa.org|access-date=October 5, 2010|archive-date=September 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917083053/http://www.jcpa.org/cjc/cjc-robinson-06.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>—and 0.23 percent of Latin Americans—Argentina has the largest Jewish population in Latin America with 200,000 members)<ref>{{cite web |last=Segal |first=Naomi |url=http://www.ujc.org/page.html?ArticleID=26170 |title=First Planeload of Jews Fleeing Argentina Arrives in Israel |publisher=Ujc.org |access-date=October 5, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201175808/http://www.ujc.org/page.html?ArticleID=26170 |archive-date=February 1, 2008 }}</ref> Other faiths include [[Buddhism]]; [[Hinduism]]; [[Sikhism]]; [[Baháʼí Faith]]; a wide variety of indigenous religions, many of which can be categorized as [[animist]]ic; [[new age]] religions and many [[African traditional religion|African]] and African-derived religions. [[Syncretism|Syncretic]] faiths can also be found throughout the Americas. {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right" |+ '''Religious Demographics According to 2010 censuses/estimates in each country''' |- style="background:#e8e8e8;" ! Country ! [[Christians]] ! [[Catholic]]s ! [[Protestant]]s ! None/[[Atheist]]s/[[Agnostic]]s ! Others |- | style="text-align:left;"| Argentina<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clarin.com/diario/2008/08/27/um/encuesta1.pdf|title=Primera Encuesta sobre Creencias y Actitudes Religiosas en Argentina|website=Clarin.com|access-date=December 14, 2021}}</ref> | 86.2% || 76.5% || 9.7% || 11.3% || 2.5% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Bolivia | 95.3% || 73.7% || 21.6% || 3.7% || 1.0% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Brazil<ref name="Igbe Brasil 2010">{{cite web| url=ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Censos/Censo_Demografico_2010/Caracteristicas_Gerais_Religiao_Deficiencia/tab1_2.pdf |publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística |title=Cor ou Raça |work=Censo Demográfico 2010: Características gerais da população, religião e pessoas com deficiência |year=2010 |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref> | 86.8% || 64.6% || 22.2% || 8.4% || 4.8% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Canada<ref name="religion2011d"/> | 62.6% || 38.7% || 23.9% || 28.5% || 8.9% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Chile<ref name="plazapublica.cl">{{cite web |url=http://plazapublica.cl/wp-content/uploads/658799.pdf |title=Encuesta – 2015 |publisher=Plaza Publica Cadem |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207182725/http://plazapublica.cl/wp-content/uploads/658799.pdf |archive-date=February 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> | 76.0% || 60.0% || 16.0% || 21.0% || 3.0% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Colombia<ref name="Latin America Public Opinion Project">{{cite web |url=http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/colombia.php|title=Colombia|publisher=Vanderbilt.edu|access-date=17 January 2015}}</ref> | 93.9% || 80.3% || 13.6% || 5.2% || 1.7% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Costa Rica<ref name="latbar">{{cite web|title=Las religiones en tiempos del Papa Francisco |url=http://www.latinobarometro.org/latNewsShow.jsp |publisher=Latinobarómetro |access-date=April 4, 2015 |archive-date=May 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510104033/http://www.latinobarometro.org/latNewsShow.jsp |page=6 |language=es |format=PDF |date=April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | 84.3% || 70.5% || 13.8% || 11.3% || 4.3% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Dominican Republic<ref name=religiousfreedomreport>{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=&type=&coi=DOM&rid=4562d94e2&docid=4cf2d0a087&skip=0|title=2010 Report on International Religious Freedom – Dominican Republic|work=UNHCR|date=17 November 2010|access-date=30 March 2011}}</ref> | 87.1% || 68.3% || 18.8% || 10.6% || 2.2% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Ecuador<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lahora.com.ec/index.php/noticias/show/1101377532/-1/El_80%25_de_ecuatorianos_es_cat%C3%B3lico.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527175350/http://lahora.com.ec/index.php/noticias/show/1101377532/-1/El_80%25_de_ecuatorianos_es_cat%C3%B3lico.html|url-status=dead|title=El 80% de ecuatorianos es católico|archive-date=May 27, 2016}}</ref> | 95.6% || 87.8% || 7.7% || 3.5% || 1.0% |- | style="text-align:left;"| El Salvador<ref name="CID-Gallup">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cidgallup.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307051137/https://www.cidgallup.com/|url-status=dead|title=CID Gallup | Latinoamérica|archive-date=March 7, 2016|website=Ccidgallup.com}}</ref> | 75.5% || 45.8% || 29.7% || 24.3% || 1.2% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Guatemala<ref name="CID-GALLUP 2010">''[http://www.prolades.com/cra/regions/cam/gte/guat_polls_1990-2012.pdf Public Opinion Polls on Religious Affiliation in Guatemala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082428/http://www.prolades.com/cra/regions/cam/gte/guat_polls_1990-2012.pdf |date=September 24, 2015 }}''. Prolades.com</ref> | 79.3% || 47.6% || 31.7% || 18.3% || 2.4% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Honduras<ref>{{cite web| url = https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148763.htm| title = Religion in Honduras – CID Gallup Poll 2007}} ''US. State''</ref> | 83.0% || 47.9% || 35.1% || 14.3% || 2.7% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Mexico<ref>[http://www.inegi.org.mx/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/censos/poblacion/2010/panora_religion/religiones_2010.pdf inegi.org.mx] Religiones 2010.pdf {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021230003/http://www.inegi.org.mx/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/censos/poblacion/2010/panora_religion/religiones_2010.pdf |date=October 21, 2015 }}</ref> | 92.2% || 82.7% || 8.7% || 4.9% || 2.9% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Nicaragua<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prolades.com/conela/nicaragua-stats-2010-CONELA.pdf|title=CONELA/PRLADES – 2010 – Nicaragua|website=Prolades.com|access-date=December 14, 2021|archive-date=March 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174403/http://www.prolades.com/conela/nicaragua-stats-2010-CONELA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 81.1% || 54.3% || 26.8% || 16.8% || 2.1% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Panama | 90.0% || 75.0% || 15.0% || 7.0% || 3.0% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Paraguay | 96.8% || 90.4% || 6.4% || 1.4% || 1.8% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Peru<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121114041408/http://www.inei.gob.pe/Anexos/libro.pdf Dirección Técnica de Demografía y Estudios Sociales y Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del INEI], Web.archive.org</ref> | 96.7% || 81.3% || 12.5% || 1.9% || 1.4% |- | style="text-align:left;"| United States<ref>{{cite web|author=Carolyn Stewart, ACSD |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/religion.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990508145129/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/religion.htm |archive-date=May 8, 1999 |url-status=dead |title=Religion – Publications – US Census Bureau }}</ref> | 79.9% || 25.9% || 54.0% || 15.2% || 5.0% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Uruguay<ref name=enha_rel>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/enha2006/flash/Flash%206_Religion.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927091848/http://www.ine.gub.uy/enha2006/flash/Flash%206_Religion.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2013|title=Encuesta Nacional de Hogares Amplidada – 2006 | work = National Institute of Statistics | publisher = INHA |access-date=7 September 2013|language=es}}</ref> | 58.2% || 47.1% || 11.1% || 40.4% || 1.5% |- | style="text-align:left;"| Venezuela<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gumilla.org/biblioteca/bases/biblo/texto/SIC2012745_211-222.pdf|title=Informe sociográfico sobre la religión en Venezuela|access-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024236/http://www.gumilla.org/biblioteca/bases/biblo/texto/SIC2012745_211-222.pdf|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 89.0% || 72.0% || 17.0% || 8.0% || 3.0% |} === Languages === {{Main|Indigenous languages of the Americas|Languages of North America|Languages of South America}} [[File:Languages of the American Continent.png|thumb|upright=1.25|Languages spoken in the Americas]] Various [[language]]s are spoken in the Americas. Some are of European origin, others are spoken by indigenous peoples or are the mixture of various languages like the different creoles.<ref name="latbar"/> The most widely spoken [[first language]] in the Americas is [[Spanish language|Spanish]], followed by [[English language|English]] and [[Brazilian Portuguese]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/american_languages.htm|title=Official Languages of the Americas and the Caribbean – Nations Online Project|website=Nationsonline.org}}</ref> The dominant language of [[Latin America]] is Spanish, though the most populous nation in Latin America, [[Brazil]], speaks [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. Small enclaves of [[French language|French]]-, [[Dutch language|Dutch]]- and English-speaking regions also exist in Latin America, notably in [[French Guiana]], [[Suriname]], and [[Belize]] and [[Guyana]] respectively. [[Haitian Creole]] is dominant in the nation of [[Haiti]], where French is also spoken. [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Native languages]] are more prominent in Latin America than in [[Anglo-America]], with [[Nahuatl language|Nahuatl]], [[Quechua languages|Quechua]], [[Aymara language|Aymara]], and [[Guaraní language|Guaraní]] as the most common. Various other native languages are spoken with less frequency across both Anglo-America and Latin America. [[Creole language]]s other than Haitian Creole are also spoken in parts of Latin America. The dominant language of Anglo-America is English. French is also official in [[Canada]], where it is the predominant language in [[Quebec]] and an official language in [[New Brunswick]] along with English. It is also an important language in [[Louisiana]], and in parts of [[New Hampshire]], [[Maine]], and [[Vermont]]. Spanish has kept an ongoing presence in the [[Southwestern United States]], which formed part of the [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]], especially in [[California]] and [[New Mexico]], where [[New Mexican Spanish|a distinct variety of Spanish]] spoken since the 17th century has survived. It has more recently become widely spoken in other parts of the [[United States]] because of heavy immigration from Latin America. High levels of immigration in general have brought great linguistic diversity to Anglo-America, with over 300 languages known to be spoken in the United States alone, but most languages are spoken only in small enclaves and by relatively small immigrant groups. The nations of Guyana, Suriname, and Belize are generally considered{{by whom|date=July 2012}} not to fall into either Anglo-America or Latin America because of their language differences from Latin America, geographic differences from Anglo-America, and cultural and historical differences from both regions; English is the primary language of Guyana and Belize, and Dutch is the primary language of Suriname. Most of the non-native languages have, to different degrees, evolved differently from the mother country, but are usually still mutually intelligible. Some have combined, however, which has even resulted in completely new languages, such as [[Papiamento]], which is a combination of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch (representing the respective colonizers), native [[Arawak]], various [[Languages of Africa|African languages]], and, more recently English. The [[lingua franca]] [[Portuñol]], a mixture of Portuguese and Spanish, is spoken in the border regions of Brazil and neighboring Spanish-speaking countries.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2006|title=Too Close for Comfort? The Genesis of "Portuñol/Portunhol"|url=http://www.lingref.com/cpp/hls/8/abstract1251.html|journal=Selected Proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium|pages=1–22|isbn=978-1-57473-408-9|last1=Lipski|first1=John M.|editor1=Timothy L. Face|editor2=Carol A. Klee|access-date=November 26, 2010}}</ref> More specifically, [[Riverense Portuñol language|Riverense Portuñol]] is spoken by around 100,000 people in the border regions of Brazil and [[Uruguay]]. Because of [[immigration]], there are many communities where other languages are spoken from all parts of the world, especially in the United States, Brazil, [[Argentina]], Canada, [[Chile]], [[Costa Rica]], and Uruguay—very important destinations for immigrants.<ref>[http://www.oni.escuelas.edu.ar/olimpi98/fronterasculturales/datos/cap-pop.html Juan Bialet Massé en su informe sobre "El estado de las clases obreras en el interior del país"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927103010/http://www.oni.escuelas.edu.ar/olimpi98/fronterasculturales/datos/cap-pop.html |date=September 27, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.umng.edu.co/www/resources/idsocial.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220125802/http://www.umng.edu.co/www/resources/idsocial.doc|url-status=dead|title=SOCIAL IDENTITY Marta Fierro Social Psychologist.|archive-date=February 20, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:xMNl1h24Z5oJ:www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/6/20606/lcg2230e_cap8.pdf+conosur+argentina+chile+y+uruguay+recibieron+inmigrantes+europeos&gl=cl&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgPKhHPhWvASrcdlpdyAdXFt6Kh7N5j-HbzcmA8nSVHcnjm1oaGPUs1LqWeMWLJngvABPlFZm0Ho4ZnZzcuFldFPqnh_0NzjP8w6yt5n1Z5M1ff9y4bVv9pITvkAKRfF-VQFl0W| title = Etnicidad y ciudadanía en América Latina.}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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