Winnipeg

==Law and government==
{{Main|Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg}}
[[File:Winnipeg's City Hall building.JPG|thumb|Winnipeg City Hall is the [[Winnipeg City Council|seat of municipal government]].]]

Since 1992, the city of Winnipeg has been represented by 15 city councillors and a mayor, both elected every four years.<ref name="munic">{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/CityGovernment.stm|title=City Government|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225130848/http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/CityGovernment.stm|archivedate=25 December 2008}}</ref> The present mayor, [[Scott Gillingham]], was first elected to office in 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/scott-gillingham-elected-as-winnipeg-s-next-mayor-1.6126958|work=CTV News Winnipeg|date=26 October 2022|accessdate=26 October 2022|author=Danton Unger|title=Scott Gillingham elected as Winnipeg's next mayor}}</ref> The city is a single-tier municipality, governed by a [[Mayor-council government|mayor-council system]].<ref name=ce/> The structure of the municipal government is set by the provincial legislature in the City of Winnipeg Charter Act, which replaced the old [[City of Winnipeg Act]] in 2003.<ref name="charter">[http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2002/c03902e.php The City of Winnipeg Charter Act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416205310/http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2002/c03902e.php |date=16 April 2009 }}. S.M. 2002, c. 39. Bill 39, 3rd Session, 37th Legislature. Manitoba Laws.</ref> The mayor is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the [[Head of government|chief executive]] of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/clerks/docs/election_services/defaultES.stm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106030104/http://winnipeg.ca/clerks/docs/election_services/defaultES.stm|archivedate=6 January 2010|title=Election Services|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> At Council meetings, the mayor has one of 16 votes. The city governance functions off the "strong-mayor" model, which allows for a "two-tiered system" or voting block between the councillors who are on or not on the Executive Policy Committee.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dawkins |first=Glen |date=31 October 2017 |title=No more 'strong mayor,' report advises |work=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/local-news/no-more-strong-mayor-report-advises }}</ref> The City Council is a [[unicameralism|unicameral]] legislative body, representing geographical [[ward (division)|wards]] throughout the city.<ref name="charter"/>
In provincial politics, Winnipeg is represented by 32 of the 57 provincial [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|Members of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLAs) in the [[43rd Manitoba Legislature]]. As of 2023, Winnipeg districts are represented by 28 members of the [[New Democratic Party of Manitoba|New Democratic Party]] (NDP), three by the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Progressive Conservative Party]], and one by the [[Manitoba Liberal Party|Liberal Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.electionsmanitoba.ca/election-map/en|accessdate=23 October 2023|publisher=Elections Manitoba|title=Manitoba's 43rd General Election: Official Results}}</ref>

In federal politics, as of 2019, Winnipeg is represented by eight [[House of Commons of Canada|Members of Parliament]]: four [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberals]], two [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]] and two [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democrat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parliamentarians/en/constituencies?province=MB|title=Current constituencies|publisher=Canadian Parliament|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> There are five [[Senate of Canada|Senators]] representing Manitoba in [[Ottawa]] (plus one seat vacant as of April 2021).<ref name="senate">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/SenatorsMembers/Senate/SenatorsBiography/isenator.asp?Language=E&sortord=P|title=Senators by province|accessdate=2 April 2021|publisher=Canadian Parliament}}</ref>

===Crime===
{{Main|Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg}}
[[File:Lesislaturemb.jpg|thumb|left|Winnipeg is home to the [[Manitoba Legislative Building]], which houses the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]].]]

From 2007 to 2011, Winnipeg was the "murder capital" of Canada, with the highest per-capita rate of [[homicide]]s; as of 2022, with a homicide rate of 7.2 per 100,000, it is in second place, behind [[Thunder Bay]] (13.7 per 100,000).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/manitoba-murder-capital-of-canada-for-fifth-year-in-a-row-1.890828|publisher=CTV|date=24 July 2012|title=Manitoba murder capital of Canada for fifth year in a row|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728224428/http://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/manitoba-murder-capital-of-canada-for-fifth-year-in-a-row-1.890828|archivedate=28 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510007101&pickMembers%5B0%5D=2.2&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2015&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2019&referencePeriods=20150101%2C20190101|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Number and rate of homicide victims, by Census Metropolitan Areas|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Winnipeg Homicide - 2022 |url=http://www.winnipeghomicide.org/2022/2022.html |access-date=17 July 2023 |website=www.winnipeghomicide.org}}</ref> In 2019, Winnipeg had the 13th-highest [[Crime in Canada#Violent crime severity index by CMA|violent crime index]] in Canada, and the highest robbery rate.<ref>{{cite news|work=Macleans|title=Canada's Most Dangerous Places 2020|url=https://www.macleans.ca/canadas-most-dangerous-places-2020/|date=19 November 2019}}</ref> Winnipeg was the "violent crime capital" of Canada in 2020 according to the Statistics Canada police-reported violent crime severity index.<ref>{{Cite news |title=VIOLENT CRIME CAPITAL: Winnipeg tops national list for all the wrong reasons |url=https://winnipegsun.com/news/crime/violent-crime-capital-winnipeg-tops-national-list-for-all-the-wrong-reasons |last=Snell|first=James|date=3 November 2021 |newspaper=The Winnipeg Sun}}</ref> Despite high overall violent crime rates, crime in Winnipeg is mostly concentrated in the inner city, which makes up only 19% of the population<ref>{{cite web |url=http://winnipeg.ca/Census/2006/City%20of%20Winnipeg/Inner%20City/Inner%20City.pdf |title=Inner City |publisher=City of Winnipeg |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052512/http://winnipeg.ca/Census/2006/City%20of%20Winnipeg/Inner%20City/Inner%20City.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> but was the site of 86.4% of the city's shootings, 66.5% of the robberies, 63.3% of the homicides and 59.5% of the sexual assaults in 2012.<ref name="CrimeStat">{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/crimestat/|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=CrimStat|accessdate=28 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407133918/http://www.winnipeg.ca/CrimeStat/|archivedate=7 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

From the early 1990s to the mid-2000s, Winnipeg had a significant auto-theft problem, with the rate peaking at 2,165.0 per 100,000 residents in 2006<ref name="Every Annual Crime Report">{{cite web|title=Every Annual Crime Report|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/annualreports.stm|accessdate=28 November 2013|publisher=Winnipeg Police Service|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101230434/http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/annualreports.stm|archivedate=1 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> compared to 487 auto-thefts per 100,000 residents for Canada as a whole.<ref>{{cite web|title=Crimes Rates in Canada 2006|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/85-002-x2007005-eng.pdf|date=28 November 2013|publisher=Statistics Canada|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623064340/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/85-002-x2007005-eng.pdf|archivedate=23 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> To combat auto theft, [[Manitoba Public Insurance]] established financial incentives for motor vehicle owners to install ignition [[immobilizer]]s in their vehicles, and now requires owners of high-risk vehicles to install immobilizers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/immobilizers-to-be-mandatory-on-high-risk-used-cars-in-manitoba-1.575771|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225142834/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/immobilizers-to-be-mandatory-on-high-risk-used-cars-in-manitoba-1.575771|archivedate=25 February 2008|title=Immobilizers to be mandatory on high-risk used cars in Manitoba|date=23 August 2006|publisher=CBC}}</ref> These initiatives resulted in an 80% decrease in auto thefts between 2006 and 2011.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Auto Theft in Winnipeg, Manitoba|last=Linden|first=Rick|title=Problem-Oriented Policing|year=2020|pages=266–278|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9780429457357-29|isbn=9780429457357|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429457357-29/auto-theft-winnipeg-manitoba-1-rick-linden}}</ref>

As of 2018, the [[Winnipeg Police Service]] had 1,914 police officers, which is one officer per 551 city residents, and cost taxpayers $290,564,015.<ref name="2018Report">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=2018 Annual Statistical Report|url=https://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/2018/2018_wps_annual_report_english.pdf|accessdate=16 June 2020|publisher=Winnipeg Police Service}}</ref> In November 2013, the national police union reviewed the Winnipeg Police Force and found high average response times for several categories of calls.<ref>{{cite web |last=Santin |first=Aldo |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/help-on-way-in-77-minutes-231109501.html |title=Police help on way&nbsp;... in 77 minutes |work=Winnipeg Free Press |date=8 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111145108/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/help-on-way-in-77-minutes-231109501.html |archivedate=11 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-slow-on-domestic-violence-calls-report-says-1.2420006|title=Winnipeg police slow on domestic violence calls, report says|publisher=CBC|date=8 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110080145/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-slow-on-domestic-violence-calls-report-says-1.2420006|archivedate=10 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the city started to deal with an increasingly large [[methamphetamine]] problem, fuelling violent crime.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Coubrough |first1=Jill |title=Winnipeg: A city wide awake on crystal meth |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-a-city-wide-awake-on-crystal-meth-1.4357577 |publisher=CBC|date=22 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Malone |first1=Kelly Geraldine |title=Winnipeg mayor talks meth crisis, safety during meeting with Trudeau |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/01/20/winnipeg-mayor-talks-meth-crisis-safety-during-meeting-with-trudeau.html |agency=The Canadian Press |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=20 January 2020}}</ref>