University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

== Athletics ==
{{main|North Carolina Tar Heels}}
[[File:Dean Smith Center with game in session.JPG|thumbnail|A UNC 
Basketball game at the Dean Smith Center]]
North Carolina's athletic teams are known as the Tar Heels. They compete as a member of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]] level (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) sub-level for football), primarily competing in the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]] (ACC) for all sports since the 1953–54 season.<ref name="acc">{{cite web|url=http://www.theacc.com/this-is/acc-this-is.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423202914/http://www.theacc.com/this-is/acc-this-is.html  |archive-date=April 23, 2006 |title=About the ACC |year=2004 |publisher=The Atlantic Coast Conference |access-date=May 20, 2008 }}</ref> Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, fencing, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and [[College wrestling|wrestling]]; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, field hockey, golf, gymnastics, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball.

The NCAA refers to UNC-Chapel Hill as the "University of North Carolina" for athletics.<ref name="ncaaschools">{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.com/schools/team.aspx?id=94704|title=North Carolina|year=2008|work=NCAA Schools|publisher=NCAA.com: The Official Web Site of the NCAA|access-date=May 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228114927/http://www.ncaa.com/schools/team.aspx?id=94704 |archive-date=December 28, 2010 }}</ref> As of Fall 2011, the university had won 40 NCAA team championships in six different sports, eighth all-time.<ref name="NCAA">{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.org/champadmin/ |title=Championships Administration Forms |publisher=NCAA |access-date=April 14, 2009  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316103454/http://www.ncaa.org/champadmin/ |archive-date=March 16, 2007 }}</ref> These include twenty one NCAA championships in [[North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer|women's soccer]], six in [[North Carolina Tar Heels field hockey|women's field hockey]], four in [[North Carolina Tar Heels men's lacrosse|men's lacrosse]], six in [[North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball|men's basketball]], one in [[North Carolina Tar Heels women's basketball|women's basketball]], and two in [[North Carolina Tar Heels men's soccer|men's soccer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.org/champadmin/champs_listing1.html |title=Schools with the Most NCAA Championships |year=2007 |publisher=National Collegiate Athletic Association |access-date=May 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419050813/http://www.ncaa.org/champadmin/champs_listing1.html |archive-date=April 19, 2008   }}</ref> The Men's basketball team won its 6th NCAA basketball championship in 2017, the third for Coach Roy Williams since he took the job as head coach. UNC was also retroactively given the title of National Champion for the 1924 championship, but is typically not included in the official tally. Other recent successes include the 2011 [[NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|College Cup]] in men's soccer, and four consecutive [[College World Series]] appearances by the [[North Carolina Tar Heels baseball|baseball team]] from 2006 to 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cwsomaha.com/history/year-by-year-standings.html |title=Year By Year Standings |work=NCAA Men's College World Series |year=2008 |publisher=CWS Omaha, Inc. |access-date=June 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080322005718/http://www.cwsomaha.com/history/year-by-year-standings.html |archive-date=March 22, 2008   }}</ref> In 1994, the university's athletic programs won the [[NACDA Director's Cup|Sears Directors Cup]] "all-sports national championship" awarded for cumulative performance in NCAA competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://graphics.fansonly.com/confs/nacda/graphics/9394D1Final.PDF|title=1993–94 Sears Directors' Cup Final Standings|year=1994|publisher=National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics|access-date=May 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528035540/http://graphics.fansonly.com/confs/nacda/graphics/9394D1Final.PDF|archive-date=May 28, 2008}}</ref> Consensus collegiate national athletes of the year from North Carolina include [[Rachel Dawson]] in field hockey; [[Phil Ford (basketball)|Phil Ford]], [[Tyler Hansbrough]], [[Antawn Jamison]], [[Vince Carter]], [[James Worthy]] and [[Michael Jordan]] in men's basketball; and [[Mia Hamm]] (twice), [[Shannon Higgins-Cirovski|Shannon Higgins]], [[Kristine Lilly]], and [[Tisha Venturini]] in women's soccer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/trads/unc-trads-athleteofyear.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028214632/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/trads/unc-trads-athleteofyear.html  |archive-date=October 28, 2006 |title=Carolina's National Athletes of the Year |year=2008 |work=North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site |publisher=UNC Athletic Department |access-date=May 21, 2008 }}</ref>
[[File:Tarheel water tower.jpg|thumb|Water tower featuring the official [[North Carolina Tar Heels|UNC athletics]] logo]]

===Mascot and nickname===

[[File:Blue Devil and Rameses.jpg|right|thumb|Duke University's "Blue Devil" mascot and UNC's Rameses face off at the 1957 [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|Victory Bell]] football game.|alt=A man dressed as a devil and a ram face each other.]]
The university's teams are nicknamed the "[[Tar Heel]]s," in reference to the state's eighteenth-century prominence as a [[tar]] and [[pitch (resin)|pitch]] producer.<ref name="heel">{{cite web|url=http://alumni.unc.edu/article.aspx?sid=3516|title=What's in a Name? Why We're All Called Tar Heels|last=Powell|first=William, S.|year=1982|publisher=UNC General Alumni Association|access-date=May 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609222223/http://alumni.unc.edu/article.aspx?sid=3516|archive-date=June 9, 2010}}</ref> The nickname's cultural relevance, however, has a complex history that includes anecdotal tales from both the [[American Civil War]] and the [[American Revolution]].<ref name="heel"/> The mascot is a live [[Dorset Horn|Dorset ram]] named [[Rameses (mascot)|Rameses]], a tradition that dates back to 1924, when the team manager brought a ram to the annual game against [[Virginia Military Institute]], inspired by the play of former football player Jack "[[Battering ram|The Battering Ram]]" Merrit. The kicker rubbed his head for good luck before a game-winning field goal, and the ram stayed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/trads/unc-trads-mascot.html |title=The Ram as Mascot |work=North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site |publisher=UNC Athletic Department |year=2006 |access-date=May 18, 2008  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413002723/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/trads/unc-trads-mascot.html |archive-date=April 13, 2008  }}</ref> There is also an [[anthropomorphic]] ram mascot who appears at games.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/147395/|title=UNC Mascot "Rameses" Killed|date=February 25, 1996|location=Raleigh, NC|publisher=WRAL|access-date=May 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207065814/http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/147395/|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> The modern Rameses is depicted in a sailor's hat, a reference to a [[United States Navy]] flight training program that was attached to the university during World War II.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uncnrotcaa.org/history.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050218182401/http://www.uncnrotcaa.org/history.php  |archive-date=February 18, 2005 |title=History of NROTC at the University of North Carolina |year=2008 |publisher=UNC Naval ROTC Alumni Association |access-date=May 18, 2008 }}</ref>

===The Carolina Way===
Basketball coach [[Dean Smith]] was widely known for his idea of "The Carolina Way", in which he challenged his players to, "Play hard, play smart, play together."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/carolina-way-dean-wesley-smith/1101967410?ean=9780143034643|title=The Carolina Way: Leadership Lessons from a Life in Coaching|date=May 22, 2014|work=Barnes & Noble|access-date=June 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630080623/http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/carolina-way-dean-wesley-smith/1101967410?ean=9780143034643|archive-date=June 30, 2015}}</ref> "The Carolina Way" was an idea of excellence in the classroom, as well as on the court. In Coach Smith's book, ''The Carolina Way'', former player Scott Williams said, regarding Dean Smith, "Winning was very important at Carolina, and there was much pressure to win, but Coach cared more about our getting a sound education and turning into good citizens than he did about winning."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.championshipcoachesnetwork.com/public/315.cfm|title=10 Leadership Lessons from Coach Dean Smith|access-date=June 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622155416/http://www.championshipcoachesnetwork.com/public/315.cfm|archive-date=June 22, 2015}}</ref>

The October 22, 2014 release of the Wainstein Report<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2014/10/wainstein-report-reveals-extent-of-academic-scandal-at-unc |title=Wainstein report reveals extent of academic scandal at UNC |first=Bradley |last=Saacks |access-date=October 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005121514/http://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2014/10/wainstein-report-reveals-extent-of-academic-scandal-at-unc |archive-date=October 5, 2016  }}</ref> alleged institutionalized academic fraud that involved over 3,100 students and student athletes, over an 18-year period from 1993 to 2011 that began during the final years of the Dean Smith era, challenged "The Carolina Way" image.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/9901476/north-carolina-erosion-carolina-way|title=North Carolina and the erosion of the Carolina Way|work=ESPN.com|date=October 30, 2013 |access-date=June 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630115231/http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/9901476/north-carolina-erosion-carolina-way|archive-date=June 30, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The report alleged that at least 54 players during the Dean Smith era were enrolled in what came to be known as "paper classes." The report noted that the questionable classes began in the spring of 1993, the year of Smith's final championship, so those grades would not have been entered until after the championship game was played.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/us/unc-report-academic-fraud/|title=UNC athletics report finds 18 years of academic fraud - CNN.com|author=Sara Ganim and Devon Sayers|date=October 22, 2014|work=CNN|access-date=June 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702115840/http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/us/unc-report-academic-fraud/|archive-date=July 2, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In response to the allegations of the Wainstein report, the [[NCAA]] launched their own investigation and on June 5, 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2015/06/05/university-north-carolina-slapped-with-5-ncaa-violations-over-academic-scandal/|title=University of North Carolina slapped with 5 NCAA violations over academic scandal|work=Fox News|access-date=June 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628202317/http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2015/06/05/university-north-carolina-slapped-with-5-ncaa-violations-over-academic-scandal/|archive-date=June 28, 2015}}</ref> the NCAA accused the institution of five major violations including: "two instances of unethical conduct and failure to cooperate" as well as "unethical conduct and extra benefits related to student-athletes' access to and assistance in the paper courses; unethical conduct by the instructor/counselor for providing impermissible academic assistance to student-athletes; and a failure to monitor and lack of institutional control".<ref name=":0" /> In October, 2017, the NCAA issued its findings and concluded "that the only violations in this case are the department chair's and the secretary's failure to cooperate".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/Oct2017_University-of-North-Carolina-at-Chapel-Hill_InfractionsDecision_20171013.pdf|title=NCAA University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Infractions Decision|date=October 2017|website=NCAA|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215095242/http://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/Oct2017_University-of-North-Carolina-at-Chapel-Hill_InfractionsDecision_20171013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Rivalries===
{{main|Carolina–Duke rivalry|North Carolina–NC State rivalry|South's Oldest Rivalry}}

The [[South's Oldest Rivalry]] between North Carolina and its first opponent, the [[University of Virginia]], was prominent throughout the first third of the twentieth century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1122productions.com/rivalries/most-played.html|title=Most-Played Rivalries|access-date=April 14, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220070515/http://1122productions.com/rivalries/most-played.html|archive-date=February 20, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The 119th meeting in [[college football|football]] between two of the top public universities in [[East Coast of the United States|the east]] occurred in October 2014.<ref>''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' has ranked UC Berkeley, UVA, UCLA, Michigan, and UNC-Chapel Hill as the top five public universities in America for at least nine consecutive years as of 2014.</ref>

One of the fiercest rivalries is with Durham's [[Duke University]]. Located only eight miles from each other, the schools regularly compete in both athletics and academics. The [[Carolina-Duke rivalry]] is most intense, however, in [[college basketball|basketball]].<ref name="hbo">{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/richard_deitsch/06/22/media.623/index.html|title=HBO probes Carolina-Duke rivalry|last=Deitsch|first=Richard|work=Media Circus|publisher=SI.com|access-date=June 24, 2008|date=June 23, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627065723/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/richard_deitsch/06/22/media.623/index.html|archive-date=June 27, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> With a combined eleven national championships in men's basketball, both teams have been frequent contenders for the national championship for the past thirty years. The rivalry has been the focus of several books, including Will Blythe's ''To Hate Like This Is to Be Happy Forever'' and was the focus of the HBO documentary ''Battle for Tobacco Road: Duke vs Carolina''.<ref>{{cite web|title=HBO.com|url=http://www.hbo.com/sports/battle-for-tobacco-road-duke-vs-carolina/index.html|access-date=November 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211001634/http://www.hbo.com/sports/battle-for-tobacco-road-duke-vs-carolina/index.html|archive-date=February 11, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

Carolina holds an in-state rivalry with fellow [[Tobacco Road (rivalry) |Tobacco Road]] school, [[North Carolina State University]]. Since the mid-1970s, however, the Tar Heels have shifted their attention to Duke following a severe decline in NC State's basketball program (and the resurgence of Duke's basketball program) that reached rock bottom during Roy Williams' tenure as evidenced by their 4–36 record against the Tar Heels. The Wolfpack faithful still consider the rivalry the most bitter in the state despite the fact that it's been decades since Tar Heel supporters have acknowledged NC State as a rival. Combined, the two schools hold eight NCAA Championships and 27 ACC Championships in basketball. Students from each school often exchange pranks before basketball and football games.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyle |first=Blakely |date=2006-11-16 |title=Ram Roast deters Tar Heel blue tunnel |url=https://www.technicianonline.com/ram-roast-deters-tar-heel-blue-tunnel/article_04fc0d80-9fa2-56ca-b1e3-c81cd589cef5.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211041313/https://www.technicianonline.com/ram-roast-deters-tar-heel-blue-tunnel/article_04fc0d80-9fa2-56ca-b1e3-c81cd589cef5.html |archive-date=2023-12-11 |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Technicianonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2008/02/21/University/Campus.Awakes.To.A.Red.Old.Well-3224421.shtml|title= Campus awakes to a red Old Well|last= Tovar|first= Sergio|date= February 21, 2008|location= Chapel Hill, NC|work= The Daily Tar Heel|access-date=May 18, 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080527222925/http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2008/02/21/University/Campus.Awakes.To.A.Red.Old.Well-3224421.shtml|archive-date= May 27, 2008}}</ref>

[[File:Franklin Street Celebration.jpg|thumb|Celebration on [[Franklin Street (Chapel Hill)|Franklin Street]] after victory over Duke|alt=A large gathering of people on a street with a bonfire in the right side of the image.]]

===Rushing Franklin===

While students previously held "Beat [[Duke University|Duke]]" parades on [[Franklin Street (Chapel Hill)|Franklin Street]] before sporting events,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Greene |first1=Caitlyn |title=30 years at Sutton's |url=https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2008/09/30-years-at-suttonsbr |access-date=January 16, 2022 |work=[[The Daily Tar Heel]] |date=September 24, 2008 |archive-date=January 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116055603/https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2008/09/30-years-at-suttonsbr |url-status=live }}<!-- prior url: http://www.dailytarheel.com/news/features/30_years_at_sutton_s --></ref> today students and sports fans have been known to spill out of bars and residence halls upon the victory of one of Carolina's sports [[North Carolina Tar Heels|teams]].<ref name="scene from franklin">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.newsobserver.com/accnow/the-scene-from-franklin-street |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213114557/http://blogs.newsobserver.com/accnow/the-scene-from-franklin-street  |archive-date=February 13, 2009 |title=The scene from Franklin Street (February 12, 2009) }}</ref> In most cases, a Franklin Street "bonfire" celebration is due to a [[Carolina-Duke rivalry|victory]] by the [[North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball|men's basketball team]],<ref name="bonfire">{{cite web|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/264/story/549933.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207072146/http://www.newsobserver.com/264/story/549933.html  |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |title=News and Observer: Bonfires mark Tar Heels' win (March 5, 2007) }}</ref><ref name="fire">{{cite web|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/102/story/441142.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003007/http://www.newsobserver.com/102/story/441142.html|archive-date=September 27, 2007|title=News and Observer: Radical changes for Chapel Hill celebrations}}</ref> although other Franklin Street celebrations have stemmed from wins by the [[North Carolina Tar Heels women's basketball|women's basketball team]] and [[North Carolina Tar Heels|women's soccer team]]. The first known student celebration on Franklin Street came after the [[1956–57 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team|1957 men's basketball team]] capped their perfect season with a national championship victory over the [[Kansas Jayhawks]].<ref name="chapelhillnews1">{{cite web|last=Magill |first=Samuel |url=http://www.chapelhillnews.com/2008/03/17/13289/basketball-flavors-franklin-street.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525174606/http://www.chapelhillnews.com/2008/03/17/13289/basketball-flavors-franklin-street.html  |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |title=Basketball flavors Franklin Street celebrations |publisher=chapelhillnews.com |date=March 17, 2008 |access-date=December 30, 2012}}</ref> From then on, students have flooded the street after important victories.<ref name="chapelhillnews1"/> After a [[Final Four]] victory in [[1981 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|1981]] and the [[1981–82 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team|men's basketball team]] won the [[1982 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|1982 NCAA Championship]], Franklin Street was painted blue by the fans who had rushed the street.<ref name="chapelhillnews1"/> 

===School colors===

Since the beginning of intercollegiate athletics at UNC in the late nineteenth century, the school's colors have been blue and white.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sumner|first=Jim L.|title=A History of Sports in North Carolina|publisher=Division of Archives and History, NC Department of Cultural Resources|location=Raleigh, NC|year=1990|page=35|isbn=0-86526-241-1 }}</ref> The colors were chosen years before by the [[Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies|Dialectic (blue) and Philanthropic (white) Societies]], the oldest student organization at the university. The school had required participation in one of the clubs, and traditionally the "Di"s were from the western part of North Carolina while the "Phi"s were from the eastern part of the state.<ref name="Carolina Review, vol. XIII, no. 6">{{cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/cr/archive/2006_03.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725062415/http://www.unc.edu/cr/archive/2006_03.pdf|archive-date=July 25, 2008|title=Culture Corner: Di-Phi: The Oldest Organization |date=March 2006|page=13|access-date=April 14, 2009}}</ref>

[[File:Commencement Ceremony at Kenan Memorial Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|The 2007 commencement ceremony in [[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|alt=A bunch of people standing with cap and gowns while two people stand on a grass field.]]
Society members would wear a blue or white ribbon at university functions, and blue or white ribbons were attached to their diplomas at graduation.<ref name="Carolina Review, vol. XIII, no. 6"/> On public occasions, both groups were equally represented, and eventually both colors were used by processional leaders to signify the unity of both groups as part of the university.<ref>{{cite book|last=Coates|first=Alfred|author2=Coates, Gladys Hall |title=The Story of Student Government in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill|url=https://archive.org/details/storyofstudentgo00coat|url-access=registration|year=1985|asin= B00070WQNC}}</ref> When football became a popular collegiate sport in the 1880s, the [[North Carolina Tar Heels football|Carolina football]] team adopted the light blue and white of the Di-Phi Societies as the school colors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/trads/unc-trads-colors.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512004121/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/trads/unc-trads-colors.html  |archive-date=May 12, 2006 |title=School Colors |access-date=April 5, 2008 |year=2008 |work=North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site |publisher=UNC Athletic Department }}</ref>

===School songs===

Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as [[Graduation|commencement]], [[convocation]], and athletic games are the university [[fight song]]s "[[I'm a Tar Heel Born]]" and "[[Here Comes Carolina]]".<ref name="songs">{{cite web|title=UNC School Songs |work=North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site |publisher=UNC Athletic Department |year=2006 |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/trads/unc-trads-songs.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424174850/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/trads/unc-trads-songs.html  |archive-date=April 24, 2006 |access-date=July 9, 2008 }}</ref> The fight songs are often played by the bell tower near the center of campus, as well as after major victories.<ref name="songs"/> "I'm a Tar Heel Born" originated in the late 1920s as a tag to the school's alma mater, "[[Hark The Sound]]".<ref name="songs"/>

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