Tucson, Arizona Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Arts and culture== ===Annual cultural events and fairs=== ====Tucson Gem and Mineral Show==== The [[Tucson Gem & Mineral Show]] is one of the largest gem and mineral shows in the world and has been held for over 50 years. The show is only one part of the [[Gemstone|gem]], [[mineral]], [[fossil]] and [[bead]] gathering held across more than 45 different sites in Tucson.<ref>[http://www.tgms.org/ Tucson Gem and Mineral Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204005257/http://www.tgms.org/ |date=December 4, 2008 }}. Retrieved March 12, 2010.</ref> The shows run from late January to mid-February, with the official show lasting two weeks in February. ====Tucson Festival of Books==== Since 2009, the [[Tucson Festival of Books]] has been held annually over a two-day period in March at the [[University of Arizona]]. By 2010 it had become the fourth largest book festival in the United States, with 450 authors and 80,000 attendees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tucson Festival of Books now fourth largest book fair in U.S. |url=http://tucsonfestivalofbooks.org/item/show/123874 |access-date=March 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418171516/http://tucsonfestivalofbooks.org/item/show/123874 |archive-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref> In addition to readings and lectures, it features a science fair, varied entertainment, food, and exhibitors ranging from local retailers and publishers to regional and national nonprofit organizations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tucson Festival of Books: Exhibitors |url=http://tucsonfestivalofbooks.org/exhibitor/list |access-date=March 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313060140/http://tucsonfestivalofbooks.org/exhibitor/list |archive-date=March 13, 2013}}</ref> ====Tucson Folk Festival==== For the past 33 years, the Tucson Folk Festival has taken place the first Saturday and Sunday of May in downtown Tucson's El Presidio Park. In addition to nationally known headline acts each evening, the Festival highlights over 100 local and regional musicians on five stages and is one of the largest free festivals in the country. All stages are within easy walking distance. Organized by the Tucson Kitchen Musicians' Association,<ref>[http://www.tkma.org The Tucson Folk Festival homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506020553/http://tkma.org/ |date=May 6, 2018 }}. Retrieved March 12, 2010.</ref> volunteers make this festival possible. [[KXCI]] 91.3-FM, Arizona's only community radio station, is a major partner, broadcasting from the Plaza Stage throughout the weekend. There are also many workshops, events for children, sing-alongs, and a popular singer-songwriter contest. Musicians typically play 30-minute sets, supported by professional audio staff volunteers. A variety of food and crafts are available at the festival, as well as local microbrews. All proceeds help fund future festivals. ====Fourth Avenue Street Fair==== [[File:US Navy 070317-N-5324D-002 Sailors from the Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine USS Tucson (SSN 770) and Navy Operational Support Center Tucson take part in the annual St. Patrick's Day Parade.jpg|thumb|right|Sailors take part in the annual [[St. Patrick's Day]] parade.]] There are two Fourth Avenue Street Fairs, in December and late March/early April, staged between 9th Street and University Boulevard, that feature arts and crafts booths, food vendors and street performers. The fairs began in 1970 when Fourth Avenue, which at the time had half a dozen thrift shops, several New Age bookshops and the Food Conspiracy Co-Op, was a gathering place for [[hippies]], and a few merchants put tables in front of their stores to attract customers before the holidays. These days, the street fair has grown into a large corporate event, with most tables owned by outside merchants. It hosts mostly traveling craftsmen selling various arts such as pottery, paintings, wood working, metal decorations, candles, and many others. ====Tucson Rodeo (Fiesta de los Vaqueros)==== [[File:TeamRopingTucson.jpg|thumb|right|Team roping competition at Tucson's ''Fiesta de los Vaqueros'']] Another popular event held in February, which is early spring in Tucson, is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros, or [[rodeo]] week, founded by winter visitor, Leighton Kramer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tucson.com/news/local/street-smarts-kramer-ave-named-for-winter-visitor-who-helped/article_83577fb0-db6d-5bee-a64a-e5a35dd52130.html|title=Street Smarts: Kramer Ave. named for winter visitor who helped start rodeo, parade in 1925|author=David Leighton|newspaper=Arizona Daily Star|access-date=July 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707202438/https://tucson.com/news/local/street-smarts-kramer-ave-named-for-winter-visitor-who-helped/article_83577fb0-db6d-5bee-a64a-e5a35dd52130.html|archive-date=July 7, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> While at its heart the Fiesta is a sporting event, it includes what is billed as "the world's largest non-mechanized parade".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tucson Rodeo Parade |url=http://www.tucsonrodeoparade.com/Pages001/Parade.htm |access-date=March 12, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301085026/http://tucsonrodeoparade.com/Pages001/Parade.htm |archive-date=March 1, 2010}}</ref> The Rodeo Parade is a popular event as most schools give two rodeo days off instead of Presidents' Day. The exception is Presidio High (a non-public charter school), which does not get either. Western wear is seen throughout the city as corporate dress codes are cast aside during the Fiesta. The Fiesta de los Vaqueros marks the beginning of the rodeo season in the United States.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} ====Tucson Meet Yourself==== Every October for the past 30 years, the Tucson Meet Yourself festival<ref>[http://www.tucsonmeetyourself.org/ Tucson Meet Yourself, Tucson Festival, Tucson Folk Arts, Tucson Entertainment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811121220/http://www.tucsonmeetyourself.org/ |date=August 11, 2007 }}. Retrieved March 12, 2010.</ref> has celebrated the city's many ethnic groups. For one weekend, the downtown area features dancing, singing, artwork, and food from more than 30 different ethnicities. The event is held at and around the Jacome Plaza,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 22, 2017 |title=Jacome Plaza |url=https://www.tucsonaz.gov/parks/jacomeplaza |access-date=October 7, 2022 |website=www.tucsonaz.gov |language=en}}</ref> located in front of the Joel D. Valdez Main Library. All performers are from Tucson and the surrounding area, in keeping with the idea of "meeting yourself." The records of the Tucson Meet Yourself Festival reside at the University of Arizona Special Collections Library.<ref>{{cite web |title=Records of the Tucson Meet Yourself finding aid |url=http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/uoa/UAMS618.xml |access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> ====Tucson Modernism Week==== Since 2012, during the first two weekends of October, the [[Tucson Historic Preservation Foundation]] hosts Tucson Modernism Week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tucsonmod.com|title=Tucson Modernism Week|website=Tucsonmod.com|access-date=September 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910185052/https://www.tucsonmod.com/|archive-date=September 10, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The event includes more than 30 programs including tours, lectures, exhibits, films and parties. The events are in mid-century modern buildings and neighborhoods throughout the city and highlight the work of significant architects and designers who contributed to the development and history of southern Arizona including: architect [[Arthur Brown Jr.|Arthur Brown]], fashion designer [[Dolores Gonzales]], architect Bob Swaim, architect Anne Rysdale, textile designers [[Harwood and Sophie Steiger]], architect Nick Sakellar, architectural designer Tom Gist, furniture designer [[Max Gottschalk]], architect Ned Nelson, landscape architect Guy Green, architect Juan Worner Baz, and many others. ====All Souls Procession Weekend==== [[File:TPPL Day of Dead float, 2009.jpg|thumb|right|Day of the Dead float, Pima County Public Library, 2009 procession]] The [[All Soul's Weekend|All Souls Procession]], held in early November, is one of Tucson's largest festivals. Modeled on the Mexican holiday [[Day of the Dead|Dia de los Muertos]] (Day of the Dead), it combines aspects of many different cultural traditions.<ref name="Westerman-2011">{{cite book|last=Westerman|first=Kim|title=Explorer's Guide Tucson: A Great Destination (Explorer's Great Destinations)|year=2011|publisher=The Countryman Press|isbn=978-1-58157-909-3|pages=38–39|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZJIayduy-EC&pg=PT38|access-date=November 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120193902/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZJIayduy-EC&pg=PT38|archive-date=January 20, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The first All Souls Procession was organized by local artist Susan Kay Johnson in 1990 and involved 35 participants; by 2013, participation was estimated at 50,000.<ref name="MobileReference-2007">{{cite book|last=MobileReference|title=Encyclopedia of Observances, Holidays and Celebrations|year=2007|publisher=MobileReference Series|pages=198–199|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VhTa1Eiq7oC&pg=PT198|isbn=978-1-60501-177-6|access-date=November 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120030837/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VhTa1Eiq7oC&pg=PT198|archive-date=January 20, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Herreras">{{cite web|last=Herreras|first=Mari|title=All Souls, All Community: Tucson's heart exposes itself every All Souls Procession|url=http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/all-souls-all-community/Content?oid=3902713|work=Tucson Weekly|access-date=November 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107025047/http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/all-souls-all-community/Content?oid=3902713|archive-date=November 7, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Procession, held at sundown, consists of a non-motorized parade through downtown Tucson featuring many floats, sculptures, and memorials, in which the community is encouraged to participate. The parade is followed by performances on an outdoor stage, culminating in the burning of an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators.<ref name="Herreras"/><ref name="Regan-2009">{{cite web|last=Regan|first=Margaret|title=To Mourn and to Honor: The All Souls Procession enters its third decade of helping Tucsonans deal with death|url=http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/to-mourn-and-to-honor/Content?oid=1519884|work=Tucson Weekly|access-date=November 13, 2013|date=November 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113195613/http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/to-mourn-and-to-honor/Content?oid=1519884|archive-date=November 13, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The event is organized and funded by the non-profit arts organization Many Mouths One Stomach, with the help of volunteers and donations from the public and local businesses.<ref name="Herreras"/> ===Cyclovia Tucson=== Cyclovia Tucson is an annual event supported by Living Streets Alliance that invites people of all ages and abilities to walk, bike, and roll down car-free streets for a day. Cyclovia is an Open Streets initiative designed to maximize the enormous amount of space taken up by roads in sprawling cities like Tucson. Since 2012, Cyclovia transforms the streets of metro Tucson into a block party atmosphere to socialize, incorporating partnerships with small businesses, and giving people the opportunity to move freely through the streets without moving cars. Cyclovia happens twice a year, typically in the spring and in the fall. ===Cultural and other attractions=== Cultural and other attractions include: * [[Arizona Historical Society]] * The [[Sosa-Carrillo-Fremont House|Fremont House]] is an original adobe house in the Tucson Community Center that was saved when one of Tucson's earliest barrios was razed as part of urban renewal. * [[Fort Lowell|Fort Lowell Museum]] * [[Mission San Xavier del Bac]] * [[Old Tucson Studios]], built as a set for the movie ''[[Arizona (1940 film)|Arizona]]'', is a [[movie studio]] and [[theme park]] for classic [[Western movie|Westerns]]. * The [[Tucson Museum of Art]] was established as part of an art school, the Art Center, which was founded by local Tucson artists, including [[Rose Cabat]].<ref name="Regan">Regan, Margaret. "Ninety and Nimble". ''Tucson Weekly''. Tucson, Arizona. October 7, 2004.</ref> * The [[University of Arizona Museum of Art]] includes works by [[Franz Kline]], [[Jackson Pollock]] and [[Mark Rothko]] as part of the Edward J. Gallagher Memorial Collection, a tribute to a young man who was killed in a boating accident. The museum also includes the Samuel H. Kress Collection of European works from the 14th to 19th centuries and the C. Leonard Pfeiffer Collection of American paintings. * [[Center for Creative Photography]], a leading museum with many works by major artists such as [[Ansel Adams]] and [[Edward Weston]]. * International Wildlife Museum maintains an exhibition of over four-hundred different mounted and prepared animal species hunted from around the globe.<ref>[http://www.thewildlifemuseum.org/static/index.cfm?contentID=1857/ Thewildlifemuseum.org],{{dead link|date=October 2017}} retrieved 12-15-10</ref><ref>[http://www.thewildlifemuseum.org/?landed=1 Thewildlifemuseum.org], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229012142/http://www.thewildlifemuseum.org/?landed=1 |date=December 29, 2010 }} retrieved 12-15-10</ref> * The [[DeGrazia Gallery in the Sun Historic District|DeGrazia Gallery in the Sun]] is an iconic Tucson landmark in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}} * [[Titan Missile Museum]] is about {{convert|25|mi|abbr=on}} south of the city on [[Interstate 19 (Arizona)|I-19]]. This is a Cold War-era [[Titan (rocket family)|Titan]] nuclear [[missile silo]] (billed as the only remaining intact post-Cold War Titan missile silo) turned tourist stop. * [[Pima Air & Space Museum]] has a wide assortment of aircraft on display both indoors and outdoors. * [[Pima County Fair]] * [[Trail Dust Town]] is an outdoor shopping mall and restaurant complex built from the remains of a 1950 western movie set. * [[Museum of the Horse Soldier]] * [[Jewish History Museum (Tucson)|Jewish History Museum]] * [[Centennial Hall (Tucson, Arizona)|Centennial Hall]] opened in 1937 as the University of Arizona's campus auditorium, designed by architect [[Roy Place]]. * Tucson Chinese Cultural Center * Tucson Loop Shared Use Bike Path * [[Arizona State Museum]] (on the University of Arizona campus) * [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Tucson]] Fourth Avenue, near the [[University of Arizona]], is home to many shops, restaurants, and bars, and hosts the annual 4th Avenue Street Fair every December and March. University Boulevard, leading directly to the UA Main Gate, is also the center of numerous bars, retail shops, and restaurants most commonly frequented by the large student population of the UA. [[El Tiradito]] is a religious shrine in the downtown area. The shrine dates back to the early days of Tucson. It is based on a love story of revenge and murder. People stop by the shrine to light a candle for someone in need, a place for people to go give hope. [[Biosphere 2]] is a {{convert|3.14|acre|ha|adj=on}} educational facility designed to mimic a tropical or sub-tropical climate-controlled environment.<ref>[http://www.b2science.org/b2/about-fact.html B2science.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229213312/http://www.b2science.org/b2/about-fact.html |date=December 29, 2010 }}, retrieved December 15, 2010</ref> ===Literary arts=== The accomplished and awarded writers (poets, novelists, dramatists, nonfiction writers) who have lived in Tucson include [[Edward Abbey]], [[Erskine Caldwell]], [[Barbara Kingsolver]] and [[David Foster Wallace]]. Some were associated with the University of Arizona, but many were independent writers who chose to make Tucson their home. The city is particularly active in publishing and presenting contemporary innovative poetry in various ways. Examples are the [[Chax Press]], a publisher of poetry books in trade and book arts editions, and the [[University of Arizona Poetry Center]], which has a sizable poetry library and presents readings, conferences, and workshops. ===Performing arts=== Theater groups include the [[Arizona Theatre Company]], which performs in the Temple of Music and Art, and [[Arizona Onstage Productions]], a not-for-profit theater company devoted to musical theater. [[Broadway in Tucson]] presents the touring reproductions of many Broadway-style events. The Gaslight Theater produces musical melodrama parodies in the old Jerry Lewis Theater and has been in Tucson since 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thegaslighttheatre.com/history/|title=History|work=The Gaslight Theatre|access-date=December 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203144137/http://thegaslighttheatre.com/history/|archive-date=December 3, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tucson is home to the Tucson Symphony Orchestra, the oldest performing arts organization in the state of Arizona. The annual Tucson Fringe Festival, held in various local venues in and around Downtown Tucson, offers non-traditional artistic performances at low cost to the public. The festival is held in early January each year. ===City of Tucson Designated Historic Landmarks=== * [[San Pedro Chapel]], Designated 1981 * Smith House, Designated 1986 * Cannon-Douglas House, Designated 1986 * [[Sosa–Carrillo–Fremont House]], Part of TCC PAD, Designated 1987 * El Con Water Tower, Designated 1991 * [[El Tiradito]] Wishing Shrine, Designated 1995 * [[Valley of the Moon (Tucson, Arizona)|Valley of the Moon]], Designated, 2015 * Broadway Village, Designated 2015 * Voorhees-Pattison House, Designated 2015 * Rubinstein House, Designated 2018 * Williamson House, Designated 2018 * [[Hirsh's Shoes]], Designated 2018 * Benedictine Monastery, Designated 2019 * [[Ball-Paylore House]], Designated 2020 * Kirby Lockard House, Designated 2020 * Beck House, Designated 2021 * Loerpabel Joesler House, Designated 2022 ===Music=== [[Music of Tucson, Arizona|Musical organizations]] include the [[Tucson Symphony Orchestra]] (founded in 1929) and [[Arizona Opera]] (founded as the Tucson Opera Company in 1971). The [[Tucson Arizona Boys Chorus]], founded in 1939 and performing a wide-ranging repertoire that incorporates [[Trick roping|rope tricks]], has represented the city as "Ambassadors in Levi's" at local, national, and international concerts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.movingimagearchivenews.org/t-model-hank-rides-and-tucson-boys-sing/|title=T-Model Hank Rides and Tucson Boys Sing|date=July 28, 2015|access-date=January 14, 2019|work=Moving Image Archive News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115181926/http://www.movingimagearchivenews.org/t-model-hank-rides-and-tucson-boys-sing/|archive-date=January 15, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1QdKfWZ2W4| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/q1QdKfWZ2W4| archive-date=October 28, 2021|title=Tucson Arizona Boys Chorus (video)|date=December 8, 2016|access-date=January 14, 2019|work=[[KGUN-TV]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The [[Tucson Girls Chorus]] runs six choirs and numerous satellite choirs which perform locally, nationally, and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tucsongirlschorus.org/Home/about-us/history|title=History|publisher=Tucson Girls Chorus|access-date=January 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070151/http://www.tucsongirlschorus.org/Home/about-us/history|archive-date=January 17, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tucson is considered an influential center for [[Mariachi]] music and is home to a large number of Mariachi musicians and singers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tatum|first=Charles M.|title=Chicano Popular Culture: Que Hable el Pueblo|series=The Mexican American Experience|date=August 2, 2001|publisher=[[University of Arizona Press]]|isbn=978-0-8165-1983-5|page=46}}</ref> The Tucson International Mariachi Conference, hosted annually since 1982, involves several hundred mariachi bands and folklorica dance troops during a three-day festival in April.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2007/04/26/49160-mariachi-25-years-of-greatness/|title=Mariachi: 25 years of greatness|last=Rosendtadt|first=Jose|date=April 26, 2007|work=[[Tucson Citizen]]|page=Calendar|access-date=December 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011060957/http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2007/04/26/49160-mariachi-25-years-of-greatness/|archive-date=October 11, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Norteño (music)|Norteño]] Festival and Street Fair in the [[enclave]] city of [[South Tucson]] is held annually at the end of summer. Tucson is also known nationally for its [[Punk subculture|punk]] scene. Since the late 1970s [[punk subculture]] has flourished in Tucson.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trialanderrorcollective.com/rockindieexperimental/they-called-it-thc-a-glimpse-into-tucsons-punk-history|title=They Called It T.H.C.: A Glimpse into Tucson's Punk History|last1=Gonzales|first1=Greg|last2=Eshrati|first2=Parisa|date=November 17, 2016|website=Trial and Error Collective|access-date=April 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428093558/http://www.trialanderrorcollective.com/rockindieexperimental/they-called-it-thc-a-glimpse-into-tucsons-punk-history|archive-date=April 28, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> At present there are multiple punk bars downtown and house venues in the surrounding neighborhoods.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2017/12/punk-the-lost-music-in-tucson|title=Punk, the lost music in Tucson|last=Spooner|first=Steven|date=December 4, 2017|work=the Daily Wildcat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428093554/http://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2017/12/punk-the-lost-music-in-tucson|archive-date=April 28, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Prominent musicians based in Tucson or with ties to the city include [[Linda Ronstadt]], [[Lalo Guerrero]], [[The Dusty Chaps (band)|The Dusty Chaps]], [[Howe Gelb]], [[Bob Log III]], [[Calexico (band)|Calexico]], [[Giant Sand]], [[Hipster Daddy-O and the Handgrenades]], [[The Bled]], [[AJJ (band)|AJJ]], [[Ramshackle Glory]], and Tucson's official troubadour Ted Ramirez. The Tucson Area Music Awards, or TAMMIES, are an annual event.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/critics-choice-awards/Content?oid=1084553 |title=Critics' Choice Awards: Best Band or Artist: Calexico |publisher=[[Tucson Weekly]] |date=June 29, 2006 |access-date=March 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406104255/http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/critics-choice-awards/Content?oid=1084553 |archive-date=April 6, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Television and film=== Tucson has been the setting and filming location for multiple films. Some notable films that have been filmed in Tucson include ''[[Revenge of the Nerds]]'', ''[[Can't Buy Me Love (film)|Can't Buy Me Love]]'', ''[[Major League (film)|Major League]]'', ''[[Tombstone (film)|Tombstone]]'', and ''[[Tin Cup]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=5 'modern movies' that were filmed in Tucson |url=https://tucson.com/entertainment/movies/5-modern-movies-that-were-filmed-in-tucson/collection_b9eceffe-63c5-11e5-80d6-8312ff318885.html#5 |website=Tucson.com|date=July 22, 2019 }}</ref> The city is also a common filming location and setting for [[Western (genre)|Western films]], most were filmed at [[Old Tucson]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Westerns filmed at Old Tucson |url=https://tucson.com/entertainment/westerns-filmed-at-old-tucson/collection_d39a78ca-8f67-11e7-9c73-f35fac6328de.html#1 |website=Tucson.com|date=June 9, 2018 }}</ref> The television show ''[[Hey Dude]]'' was filmed at Tanque Verde Ranch.<ref>{{cite web |title=Visiting the set of "Hey Dude" in Tucson |url=https://www.kgun9.com/news/local-news/visiting-the-set-of-hey-dude-in-tucson |website=KGUN9.com|date=January 27, 2020 }}</ref> Additionally, the fictional motorcycle clubs the Sons of Anarchy and Mayans from the television shows ''[[Sons of Anarchy]]'' and ''[[Mayans M.C.]]'' both have Tucson chapters that are featured in the show. In the [[Sons of Anarchy (season 4)|season 4]] ''Sons of Anarchy'' episode "Una Venta", the cast travels to Tucson to discuss an issue with the Tucson chapter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sons of Anarchy Season 4 Episode 4 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/sons_of_anarchy/s04/e04 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> The upcoming TV series ''Duster'' began filming in Tucson in October 2021. The series is specifically being filmed in downtown Tucson and the [[Tucson Mountains]] region of [[Saguaro National Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Roads closing for HBO filming in Tucson's downtown, Saguaro National Park |url=https://www.kold.com/2021/10/13/roads-closing-hbo-filming-tucsons-downtown-saguaro-national-park/ |website=KOLD.com|date=October 13, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Why was HBO Max's 'Duster' pilot shot in Tucson?|url=https://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2021/12/a-duster|access-date=February 1, 2022|website=The Daily Wildcat|archive-date=January 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131210643/https://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2021/12/a-duster|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Cuisine=== Tucson is well known for its [[Sonora]]n-style Mexican food.<ref>Alpers, Jackie. [http://www.foodnetwork.com/restaurants/photos/welcome-to-tucson--10-must-try-mexican-inspired-dishes.html "Welcome to Tucson: 10 Must-Try Mexican-Inspired Dishes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415223652/http://www.foodnetwork.com/restaurants/photos/welcome-to-tucson--10-must-try-mexican-inspired-dishes.html |date=April 15, 2016 }}, Food Network. Retrieved April 10, 2016.</ref><ref>Arellano, Gustavo (March 6, 2018). [https://wamu.org/story/18/03/06/why-doesnt-tucsons-mexican-food-scene-get-more-national-attention/ "Why Doesn't Tucson's Mexican Food Scene Get More National Attention?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328164932/https://wamu.org/story/18/03/06/why-doesnt-tucsons-mexican-food-scene-get-more-national-attention/ |date=March 28, 2018 }} ''WAMU''. Retrieved March 28, 2018.</ref> Since the turn of the century, other ethnic restaurants and fine dining choices have proliferated.<ref>Downing, Renée (July 27, 2006). [http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/the-birth-of-tucson-cuisine/Content?oid=1084809 "The Birth of Tucson Cuisine"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424071311/http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/the-birth-of-tucson-cuisine/Content?oid=1084809 |date=April 24, 2016 }}, ''Tucson Weekly''. Retrieved April 10, 2016.</ref><ref>Tersigni, Jennifer (October 16, 2014). [https://tucsonfoodie.com/2014/10/16/must-try-12-amazing-ethnic-dishes-from-all-over-tucson/ "Must Try: 12 Amazing Ethnic Dishes from All Over Tucson"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423203427/https://tucsonfoodie.com/2014/10/16/must-try-12-amazing-ethnic-dishes-from-all-over-tucson/ |date=April 23, 2016 }}, ''Tucson Foodie''. Retrieved April 10, 2016.</ref> In 2015 the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ([[UNESCO]]) designated Tucson a "world city of gastronomy" under the [[Creative Cities Network]] program,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tucsonaz.gov/integrated-planning/tucson-unesco-city-gastronomy|title=Tucson, UNESCO City of Gastronomy|website=www.tucsonaz.gov|language=en|access-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203062906/https://www.tucsonaz.gov/integrated-planning/tucson-unesco-city-gastronomy|archive-date=December 3, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> becoming thus the first city of gastronomy in the United States.<ref>Berlin, Andi (December 11, 2015). [http://tucson.com/business/local/unesco-designates-tucson-as-world-city-of-gastronomy/article_55f3f0a6-0b47-5fab-8672-af53bef07f15.html "UNESCO Designates Tucson as World City of Gastronomy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914212145/http://tucson.com/business/local/unesco-designates-tucson-as-world-city-of-gastronomy/article_55f3f0a6-0b47-5fab-8672-af53bef07f15.html |date=September 14, 2016 }}, ''Arizona Daily Star''. Retrieved August 27, 2016.</ref><ref>Severson, Kim (August 23, 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/24/dining/tucson-food-unesco.html "Tucson Becomes an Unlikely Food Star"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224121139/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/24/dining/tucson-food-unesco.html |date=December 24, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times''. Retrieved August 27, 2016.</ref> The city's focus on food includes [[Mission Garden]], a living agricultural museum that showcases the crops and trees that have been grown in the area for over 4000 years. The [[Sonoran hot dog]] is very popular in Tucson. A hot dog is wrapped in bacon and grilled, served on a [[bolillo]]-style hot dog bun, and topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, and a variety of additional condiments, often including mayonnaise, mustard, and jalapeño salsa.<ref>Nevarez, Griselda (August 15, 2015). [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/tucsons-savory-invention-sonoran-hot-dog-n406211 "Tucson's Savory Invention: The Sonoran Hot Dog"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729230737/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/tucsons-savory-invention-sonoran-hot-dog-n406211 |date=July 29, 2019 }}, NBC News. Retrieved April 10, 2016.</ref><ref>Robbins, Ted (August 6, 2009). [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106366080 "The Sonoran Hotdog Crosses the Border"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405020009/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106366080 |date=April 5, 2018 }}, NPR. Retrieved April 10, 2016.</ref><ref>Edge, John T. (August 25, 2009). [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/26/dining/26unit.html "In Praise of the All-American Mexican Hot Dog"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020145308/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/26/dining/26unit.html |date=October 20, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 10, 2016.</ref> Tucson also has a strong, though contested, claim to being the place of origin of the [[chimichanga]]. ===Nicknames=== Tucson is commonly known as "The Old Pueblo". While the exact origin of this nickname is uncertain, it is commonly traced back to Mayor [[Robert N. Leatherwood|R. N. "Bob" Leatherwood]]. When [[railroad|rail service]] was established to the city on March 20, 1880, Leatherwood celebrated the fact by sending telegrams to various leaders, including the [[President of the United States]] and the [[Pope]], announcing the "ancient and honorable pueblo" of Tucson was now connected by rail to the outside world. The term became popular with newspaper writers who often abbreviated it as "A. and H. Pueblo". This in turn transformed into the current form of "The Old Pueblo".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tucson.com/news/state-and-regional/history-and-culture/life-in-the-old-pueblo-here-s-how-tucson-came/article_8bf4391f-1499-5e71-bdd8-178e3c52b96d.html|title=Life in the Old Pueblo: Here's how Tucson came to own its charming nickname|author=Jim Turner|newspaper=Arizona Daily Star|access-date=July 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707201830/https://tucson.com/news/state-and-regional/history-and-culture/life-in-the-old-pueblo-here-s-how-tucson-came/article_8bf4391f-1499-5e71-bdd8-178e3c52b96d.html|archive-date=July 7, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early 1980s, city leaders ran a contest searching for a new nickname. The winning entry was the "Sunshine Factory".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GY5PAAAAIBAJ&pg=5518,5331610&dq=tucson+sunshine+factory&hl=en|title='The Sunshine Factory' Picked as New Nickname for Tucson|date=November 15, 1981|work=Ocala Star-Banner|page=11A|location=Ocala, Florida|agency=Associated Press|access-date=November 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908094015/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GY5PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=aQYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5518,5331610&dq=tucson+sunshine+factory&hl=en|archive-date=September 8, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The new nickname never gained popular acceptance, allowing the old name to remain in common use.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JGsaAAAAIBAJ&pg=6594,4066995&dq=tucson+sunshine+factory&hl=en|title=There's more to Tucson than Sun, Guns, Scenery|last=Abel|first=Barbara|date=January 8, 1984|work=The Milwaukee Journal|pages=Travel 1–4|access-date=November 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908091903/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JGsaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NCoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6594,4066995&dq=tucson+sunshine+factory&hl=en|archive-date=September 8, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Tucson was dubbed "[[Optics Valley]]" in 1992 when ''[[Business Week]]'' ran a cover story on the Arizona Optics Industry Association.<ref>{{cite book|last=Liou|first=Koutsai T. |title=Handbook of economic development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cxxJkKYAzioC&q=tucson+optics+valley&pg=PA205|year=1998|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=0-8247-0181-X|page=205}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page