Temple

==Christian temples==
===Orthodox Christianity===
[[File:Russia-Moscow-Cathedral of Christ the Saviour-8.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]] in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]].]]

The word ''temple'' is used frequently in the tradition of [[Eastern Christianity]]; particularly the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], where the principal words used for houses of worship are ''temple'' and ''church''. The use of the word ''temple'' comes from the need to distinguish a building of the church vs. the church seen as the Body of Christ. In the [[Russian language]] (similar to other [[Slavic languages]]), while the general-purpose word for 'church' is ''[[Russian church architecture|tserkov]]'', the term {{Lang|ru-latn|khram}} ({{Lang|ru|Храм}}), 'temple', is used to refer to the church building as a temple of [[God]] ({{Lang|ru-latn|Khram Bozhy}}). The words ''church'' and ''temple'', in this case are interchangeable; however, the term ''church'' ({{lang-grc|ἐκκλησία}}) is far more common. The term ''temple'' ({{lang-grc|ναός}}) is also commonly applied to larger churches. Some famous churches which are referred to as temples include the [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Saint Basil's Cathedral]], [[Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia]], the [[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Moscow)|Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]] and the [[Temple of Saint Sava]] in [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]].

===Catholicism===
[[File:Basilique du Sacré-Cœur IMG 1271.jpg|thumb|left|[[Basilique du Sacré-Coeur]] in [[Paris]]]]

The word ''temple'' has traditionally been rarely used in the English-speaking [[Western Christian tradition]]. In [[Irish language|Irish]], some [[East–West Schism|pre-schism]] churches use the word ''[[wiktionary:teampall|teampall]]''. The usual word for ''church'' in the [[Hungarian language]] is ''[[wiktionary:templom|templom]]'', also deriving from the same Latin root. [[Spanish language|Spanish]] distinguishes between the temple being the physical building for religious activity, and the church being both the physical building for religious activity and also the congregation of religious followers.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Baldayac|first1=Rafael|title=Iglesia y templo: diferencia|url=http://www.lainformacion.com.do/noticias/opinion/columnas/869/iglesia-y-templo:-diferencia|website=La Informacion|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref>

The principal words typically used to distinguish houses of worship in Western Christian architecture are ''[[abbey]]'', ''[[basilica]]'', ''[[cathedral]]'', ''[[chapel]]'' and ''[[Church (building)|church]]''. The Catholic Church has used the word temple in reference of a place of worship on rare occasions. An example is the Roman Catholic [[Sagrada Familia]] Temple in Barcelona, Spain and the Roman Catholic [[Basilique du Sacré-Cœur]] Temple in Paris, France. Another example is the Temple or Our Lady of the Pillar, a church in [[Guadalajara]], [[Mexico]].

===Protestantism===
Some Protestant churches use this term; above main entrance of the [[Lutheran]] Gustav Vasa church in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]] is a [[cartouche]] in Latin which reads "this temple (...) was constructed by king Oscar II."

Beginning in the late eighteenth century, following the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]], some Protestant denominations in France and elsewhere began to use the word ''temple'' to distinguish these spaces from Catholic churches. [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] and other Protestant churches make use of a wide variety of terms to designate their worship spaces, such as church, [[tabernacle]] or temple. Additionally some breakaway Catholic churches such as the [[Mariavite Church]] in [[Poland]] have chosen to also designate their central church building as a temple, as in the case of the [[Temple of Mercy and Charity]] in [[Płock]]. 

===Latter Day Saint movement===
{{main|Temple (Latter Day Saints)}}
[[File:KirtlandTemple Ohio USA.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Kirtland Temple]] in Kirtland, Ohio]]

According to [[Latter Day Saint]]s, in 1832, [[Joseph Smith]] received a [[Revelation#Latter-day Saint concept of revelation|revelation]] to [[Restoration (Latter Day Saints)|restore]] the practice of [[Temple (Latter Day Saints)|temple worship]], in a "house of the Lord". The [[Kirtland Temple]] was the first temple of the [[Latter-day Saint movement]] and the only one completed in Smith's lifetime, although the [[Nauvoo Temple]] was partially complete at the time of [[death of Joseph Smith|his death]]. The [[schism (religion)|schisms]] stemming from a [[Succession crisis (Latter Day Saints)|succession crisis]] have led to differing views about the role and use of temples between various groups with competing succession claims.

[[Book of Mormon|The Book of Mormon]], which Latter Day Saints believe is a companion book of scripture with the Bible, refers to temple building in the ancient Americas by a group of people called the [[Nephites]]. Though Book of Mormon authors are not explicit about the practices in these Nephite temples, they were patterned "after the manner of the temple of Solomon" (<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/5?lang=eng |title=The Second Book of Nephi Chapter 5 - 5:16 |publisher=Lds.org |date=2012-02-21 |access-date=2012-06-20}}</ref>) and served as gathering places for significant religious and political events (e.g. Mosiah 1–6; 3rd Nephi 11–26).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.achoiceland.com/temples |title=Temples |publisher=Achoiceland.com |date=2010-10-01 |access-date=2012-06-20}}</ref>

====The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints====
{{See also|Temple (LDS Church)|List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}}
[[File:Salt Lake Temple, Utah - Sept 2004-2.jpg|thumb|[[Salt Lake Temple|LDS temple]] in Salt Lake City, Utah]]

[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] is a prolific builder of temples. {{LDS Temple status}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lds.org/temples/chronological/0,11206,1900-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020214012225/http://www.lds.org/temples/chronological/0,11206,1900-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2002-02-14|title=List of Temples}}</ref> [[Temple (LDS Church)|Latter-day Saint temples]] are reserved for performing and undertaking only the most holy and sacred of covenants and [[Ordinance (Mormonism)|special of ordinances]]. They are distinct from [[meeting house]]s and [[chapel]]s where [[Worship services of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints#Weekly services|weekly worship services]] are held. The temples are built and kept under strict sacredness and are not to be defiled.  Thus, strict rules apply for entrance, including church membership and regular attendance. During the open-house period after its construction and before its dedication, the temple is open to the public for tours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lds.org/temples/faq/0,11264,1904-1,00.html#3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020214012007/http://www.lds.org/temples/faq/0,11264,1904-1,00.html#3|url-status=dead|archive-date=2002-02-14|title=Frequently Asked Questions}}</ref>

====Other Latter Day Saint denominations====
Various [[List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement|sects]] in the Latter Day Saint movement founded by Joseph Smith have temples.<ref>Utah Attorney General's Office and Arizona Attorney General's Office. [http://attorneygeneral.utah.gov/cmsdocuments/The_Primer.pdf The Primer, Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127133628/http://attorneygeneral.utah.gov/cmsdocuments/The_Primer.pdf |date=2013-01-27 }}. Updated June 2006. Page 23.</ref>
*The [[Church of Christ (Wightite)]], a Latter Day Saint denomination formed by [[Lyman Wight]] following the [[Succession crisis (Latter Day Saints)|death of Joseph Smith]], built first Mormon temple west of the Mississippi in [[Zodiac, Texas]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Melvin C.|title=Polygamy on the Pedernales:Lyman Wight's Mormon Villages in Antebellum Texas, 1845-1858|date=2006|page=125|url=http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1042&context=usupress_pubs|access-date=6 February 2015|publisher=Utah State University Press|location=Logan, Utah}}</ref> about three miles from [[Fredericksburg, Texas|Fredericksburg]]. 
* In 1990 or earlier a temple in [[Ozumba]], [[Mexico]] was built by the [[Apostolic United Brethren]].<ref name = Moore>Andrea Moore-Emmett. God's Brothel. Pince-Nez Press: June 1, 2004. {{ISBN|1-930074-13-1}}</ref>
*On April 17, 1994, the [[Independence Temple]] in [[Independence, Missouri]], was open by the [[Community of Christ]] by then-church [[Prophet-President]] [[Wallace B. Smith]]. The Community of Christ also currently owns the original [[Kirtland Temple]], dedicated in 1836 by the [[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)|Church of the Latter Day Saints]] (later renamed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), in [[Kirtland, Ohio]].  The Community of Christ operates the Kirtland Temple as a historic site.
*In 2005<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.myeldorado.net/YFZ%20Pages/YFZ010605.html | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050307015520/http://www.myeldorado.net/YFZ%20Pages/YFZ010605.html | url-status= dead | archive-date= March 7, 2005 | title= Jeffs dedicates FLDS temple site at YFZ Ranch | newspaper= [[The Eldorado Success]] | date= January 11, 2005 | access-date= April 6, 2008 }}</ref> construction on the [[YFZ| YFZ Ranch Temple]] by the [[Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints]] Church began.  It is located just outside [[Eldorado, Texas|Eldorado]] in [[Schleicher County, Texas|Schleicher County]], [[Texas]].<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.deseretnews.com/article/635180342/FLDS-temple-appears-complete.html | title= FLDS temple appears complete | publisher= [[Ben Winslow]] (AP) | date= 31 January 2006}}</ref>  However, as of April 2014, the [[Texas|State of Texas]] took physical and legal possession of the property.<ref name="NBC">{{cite news |title= Texas Seizes Polygamist Warren Jeffs' Ranch |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/texas-seizes-polygamist-warren-jeffs-ranch-n83736 |publisher= NBC News |agency= Associated Press |date= April 17, 2014 |access-date= April 18, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Carlisle">{{cite news |last1= Carlisle |first1= Nate |title= Texas takes possession of polygamous ranch |url = http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/57832276-78/ranch-texas-amp-jeffs.html.csp |newspaper= [[The Salt Lake Tribune]] |date= April 17, 2014 |access-date= April 17, 2014}}</ref> as it was used to "commit or facilitate certain criminal conduct."<ref name="NBC"/><ref name="Carlisle"/>
* A pyramid-shaped temple near [[Modena, Utah]], was built by the [[Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].<ref name = Moore/>

===Esoteric Christianity===
* [[Mount Ecclesia]] [[Esoteric Christian]] Temple of the [[Rosicrucian Fellowship]] with its round 12-sided building architecture set on top of a [[mesa]] and facing east, the rising Sun. This modern-day temple is ornamented with [[Alchemy|alchemical]] and [[Astrology|astrological]] symbols.

[[File:temple99.JPG|thumb|center|[[Mount Ecclesia]]'s Temple]]