September 11 attacks Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Immediate response === {{Further|U.S. military response during the September 11 attacks}} {{See also|Communication during the September 11 attacks}} [[File:President George W. Bush Receives Information Regarding Terrorist Attacks.jpg|thumb|President [[George W. Bush]] is briefed in [[Sarasota, Florida]], where he learned of the attacks unfolding while visiting [[Emma E. Booker Elementary School|Emma E. Booker Elementary School<!-- MESSAGE TO POST-2094: When Paul J. Richards' copyright expires 70 years after his eventual death, this current image should be replaced with the one in the link below with a caption along the lines of: "White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card informs President George W. Bush "A second plane hit the second tower. America is under attack" in Sarasota, Florida during a visit to Emma E. Booker Elementary School" https://www.lowyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/GettyImages-150092234%20copy%202.jpeg -->]].]] [[File:9 11 Terror Attacks Historical Pentagon Briefing.webm|thumb|start=02:16|alt=Rumsfeld in front of microphone flanked by suited politicians and a General, all with grim expressions|Eight hours after the attacks, [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] [[Donald Rumsfeld]] declares "The Pentagon is functioning".]] At 8:32 a.m., [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] officials were notified Flight{{spaces}}11 had been hijacked and they, in turn, notified the [[North American Aerospace Defense Command]] (NORAD). NORAD scrambled two [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle|F-15s]] from [[Otis Air National Guard Base]] in Massachusetts and they were airborne by 8:53 a.m. Because of slow and confused communication from FAA officials, NORAD had nine minutes' notice, and no notice about any of the other flights before they crashed. After both of the Twin Towers had already been hit, more fighters were scrambled from [[Joint Base Langley–Eustis|Langley Air Force Base]] in Virginia at 9:30 a.m.<ref name="norad">{{cite web |title=We Have Some Planes |url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |website=The 911 Commission Report |publisher=911 Commission |access-date=September 9, 2011 |pages=20–42 |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> At 10:20 a.m., Vice President [[Dick Cheney]] issued orders to shoot down any commercial aircraft that could be positively identified as being hijacked. These instructions were not relayed in time for the fighters to take action.<ref name="norad"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Cheney: Order To Shoot Down Hijacked 9/11 Planes 'Necessary' |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/09/04/cheney-order-to-shoot-down-hijacked-11-planes-necessary/ |access-date=September 9, 2011 |publisher=Fox News Channel |date=September 4, 2011 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140656/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/09/04/cheney-order-to-shoot-down-hijacked-11-planes-necessary/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Schrader|first=Esther|title=Cheney Gave Order to Shoot Down Jets|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jun/18/nation/na-cheney18|access-date=September 9, 2011|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=June 18, 2004|archive-date=August 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811141540/http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jun/18/nation/na-cheney18|url-status=live}}</ref> Some fighters took to the air without live ammunition, knowing that to prevent the hijackers from striking their intended targets, the pilots might have to intercept and crash their fighters into the hijacked planes, possibly ejecting at the last moment.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hendrix |first=Steve |title=F-16 pilot was ready to give her life on Sept. 11 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/f-16-pilot-was-ready-to-give-her-life-on-sept-11/2011/09/06/gIQAMpcODK_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=September 9, 2011 |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905053526/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/f-16-pilot-was-ready-to-give-her-life-on-sept-11/2011/09/06/gIQAMpcODK_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> For the first time in U.S. history, the emergency preparedness plan called [[Security Control of Air Traffic and Air Navigation Aids]] (SCATANA) was invoked,<ref>{{cite web |author=Flight Data Center |title=NOTAMs/Flight Restrictions in Effect on September 13, 2001 |url=http://www.judicialwatch.org/archive/2007/Saudi%20Docs%202.pdf |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |date=April 13, 2007 |page=15ff |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-date=February 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225071325/http://www.judicialwatch.org/archive/2007/Saudi%20Docs%202.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> thus stranding tens of thousands of passengers across the world.<ref name="Commission">{{cite web |title=Wartime |url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch10.htm |website=National Commission on Terrorists Attacks upon the United States |publisher=U.S. Congress |access-date=September 3, 2011 |archive-date=August 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812081229/http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch10.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ben Sliney]], in his first day as the National Operations Manager of the [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Williams |first=Andrew |date=October 4, 2006 |title=60 Seconds: Ben Sliney |url=http://www.metro.co.uk/fame/interviews/article.html?in_article_id=20603&in_page_id=11 |work=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]] |location=London |access-date=April 13, 2010 |archive-date=May 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529141832/http://www.metro.co.uk/fame/interviews/article.html?in_article_id=20603&in_page_id=11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ordered that American airspace would be closed to all international flights, causing about 500 flights to be turned back or redirected to other countries. Canada received 226 of the diverted flights and launched [[Operation Yellow Ribbon]] to deal with the large numbers of grounded planes and stranded passengers.<ref name="canadaflights">{{cite press release |title=Actions taken following September 11 terrorist attacks |date=December 11, 2001 |publisher=[[Transport Canada]] |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/mediaroom/releases/nat/2001/01_h152e.htm |access-date=September 3, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20020415131425/http://www.tc.gc.ca/mediaroom/releases/nat/2001/01_h152e.htm |archive-date=April 15, 2002}}</ref> The 9/11 attacks had immediate effects on the American people.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stein |first=Howard F. |year=2003 |title=Days of Awe: September 11, 2001 and its Cultural Psychodynamics |journal=Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=187–199 |doi=10.1353/psy.2003.0047|s2cid=144229311}}</ref> Police and rescue workers from around the country took a leave of absence from their jobs and travelled to New York City to help recover bodies from the twisted remnants of the Twin Towers.<ref>{{cite news |date=September 10, 2009 |title=Asthma Rates Up Among Ground Zero Workers |publisher=[[CBS News]] |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-204_162-3207507.html |access-date=September 11, 2013 |archive-date=November 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112192716/http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-204_162-3207507.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Blood donations across the U.S. surged in the weeks after 9/11.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Glynn |first1=Simone A. |title=Effect of a National Disaster on Blood Supply and Safety: The September 11 Experience |year=2003 |journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association]] |volume=289 |issue=17 |pmid=12734136 |doi=10.1001/jama.289.17.2246 |pages=2246–2253 |last2=Busch |first2=MP |last3=Schreiber |first3=GB |last4=Murphy |first4=EL |last5=Wright |first5=DJ |last6=Tu |first6=Y |last7=Kleinman |first7=SH |collaboration=Nhlbi Reds Study Group|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=December 19, 2001 |title=Red Cross Woes |publisher=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec01/redcross_12-19.html |access-date=September 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905071729/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec01/redcross_12-19.html |archive-date=September 5, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The deaths of adults in the attacks resulted in over 3,000 children losing a parent.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coates |first1=S. |last2=Schechter |first2=D. |doi=10.1016/j.psc.2004.03.006 |title=Preschoolers' traumatic stress post-9/11: Relational and developmental perspectives |journal=Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=473–89 |year=2004 |pmid=15325488}}</ref> Subsequent studies documented children's reactions to these actual losses and feared losses of life, the protective environment in the attacks' aftermath, and the effects on surviving caregivers.<ref>Schechter DS, Coates SW, First E (2002). Observations of acute reactions of young children and their families to the World Trade Center attacks. Journal of Zero-to-Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families, 22(3), 9–13.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Coates |first1=Susan W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LieHtrW44_gC |title=September 11: Trauma and Human Bonds |last2=Rosenthal |first2=Jane L. |last3=Schechter |first3=Daniel S. |date=2003 |publisher=Analytic Press |isbn=978-0-88163-381-8 |language=en |access-date=December 7, 2023 |archive-date=December 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207114527/https://books.google.com/books?id=LieHtrW44_gC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Klein |first1=T. P. |last2=Devoe |first2=E. R. |last3=Miranda-Julian |first3=C. |last4=Linas |first4=K. |title=Young children's responses to September 11th: The New York City experience |doi=10.1002/imhj.20200 |pmid=28636121 |journal=[[Infant Mental Health Journal]] |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |year=2009|doi-access=free }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page