Pennsylvania

===Race and ethnicity===
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Pennsylvania.png|thumb|330x330px|Ethnic origins of Pennsylvanians]]
The vast majority of Pennsylvania's population is made up of whites, blacks and Hispanics, with the latter two being minorities and having significant populations. The state's Hispanic or Latino American population grew by 82.6% between 2000 and 2010, marking one of the largest increases in a state's Hispanic population. The significant growth of the Hispanic or Latino population is due to migration to the state mainly from [[Puerto Rico]], a U.S. territory, and to a lesser extent immigration from countries such as the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Mexico]], and various [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]n nations and a wave of Hispanic and Latinos leaving [[New York City]] and [[New Jersey]] for safer and more affordable living. The Asian population swelled by almost 60%, fueled by Indian, Vietnamese, and Chinese immigration, and many Asian transplants moving to [[Philadelphia]] from New York City. The rapid growth of this community has given Pennsylvania one of the largest Asian populations in the nation. The African American population grew by 13%, which was the largest increase in that population among the state's peers of [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Ohio]], [[Illinois]], and [[Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |title=2010 Census Data—2010 Census |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706203009/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref> Pennsylvania has a high in-migration of black and Hispanic people from other nearby states with the eastern and south-central portions of the state seeing the bulk of the increases.<ref name="pasdc.hbg.psu.edu">{{cite web |url=https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |title=Research Brief : The Commonwealth's Official Source for Population and Economic Statistics |date=March 9, 2011 |website=Pasdc.hbg.psu.edu |access-date=June 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215817/https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go|title=Puerto Ricans Leave N.Y. Report Tells Where They Go—Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños|website=cuny.edu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722032407/http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go|archive-date=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

The majority of Hispanic or Latino Americans in Pennsylvania are of [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Rican]] descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder—Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213801/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story|title=Thedailyjournal—Puerto Rico's population exodus is all about jobs|website=USA Today|access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904011425/http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story|archive-date=September 4, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the remaining Hispanic or Latino population is made up of [[Mexican American|Mexicans]] and [[Dominican American|Dominicans]], and the majority of Hispanics and Latinos are concentrated in Philadelphia, the [[Lehigh Valley]], and South Central Pennsylvania.<ref name="annest">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |title=Annual Estimates of the Population |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120132138/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |archive-date=January 20, 2013 }}</ref> The Hispanic or Latino population is greatest in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]], [[York, Pennsylvania|York]], and around Philadelphia. As of 2010, the vast majority of Hispanics and Latino Americans in Pennsylvania, about 85%, live within a {{convert|150|mi|km|adj=mid}} radius of Philadelphia, and about 20% live in the city itself.

Among the state's black population, the vast majority in the state are African American. There are also a growing number of black residents of [[West Indian American|West Indian]], [[African immigration to the United States|recent African]], and [[Black Hispanic|Hispanic or Latino]] origins.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder—Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212204/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Most Blacks live in the Philadelphia area, Pittsburgh, or South Central Pennsylvania. Non-Hispanic Whites make up the majority of Pennsylvania; they are mostly descended from German, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Italian, and English immigrants. Rural portions of South Central Pennsylvania are recognized nationally for their [[Amish#Population and distribution|Amish communities]]. [[Wyoming Valley]], including [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] and [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]], has the highest percentage of white residents of any metropolitan area with a population of 500,000 or above in the U.S.; in Wyoming Valley, 96.2% of the population claim to be white with no Hispanic background. Pennsylvania's [[center of population]] is in [[Duncannon, Pennsylvania|Duncannon]] in [[Perry County, Pennsylvania|Perry County]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Population and Population Centers by State—2000 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=December 3, 2008 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080918020344/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-date=September 18, 2008 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" ; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Racial and ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census
 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=September 26, 2021}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|73.4|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|76.6|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[African Americans|African American (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|10.5|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|11.8|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.}}
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|8.1|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|3.9|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|4.5|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.1|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.02|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|align=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.3|%|2||background:brown}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ '''Historical racial and ethnic composition to 2010'''
|-
! Racial and ethnic composition !! 1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=May 4, 2014 }}</ref> !! 2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusviewer.com/city/PA|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140111024022/http://censusviewer.com/city/PA|url-status=dead|title=censusviewer.com|date=January 11, 2014|archive-date=January 11, 2014}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web  |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |title=2010 Census Data |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=May 4, 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[White Americans|White]] || 88.5% || 85.4% || 81.9%
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]] || 9.2% || 10.0% || 10.9%
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] || 1.2% || 1.8% || 2.8%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] || 0.1% || 0.1% || 0.2%
|-
| [[Native Hawaiians]] and<br />[[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islanders]] || – || – || –
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] || 1.0% || 1.5% || 2.4%
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]] || – || 1.2% || 1.9%
|}