Oslo

===Climate===
Oslo has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Dfb'')<ref name="en.climate-data.org">{{cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/81/ |title=Climate Oslo: Temperature, Climograph, Climate table for Oslo - Climate-Data.org |website=en.climate-data.org |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613015149/https://en.climate-data.org/location/81/ |url-status=live}}</ref> or, if the original [[köppen climate|Köppen]] winter threshold {{cvt|-3|°C}} is used, an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'') bordering on a [[humid continental climate]] in the 1991–2020 base period.  Oslo has some of the warmest summers of Norway and fairly cold winters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://snl.no/klima_i_Norge#-Middeltemperaturer_(%C2%B0C)_i_Norge |title=Klima i Norge | date=14 February 2024 }}</ref> Oslo receives a fair amount of precipitation during the year.<ref name="en.climate-data.org"/>  The driest seasons are winter and spring, and the wettest are summer and autumn. Because of the city's northern latitude, daylight varies greatly, from more than 18 hours in midsummer, when it never gets completely dark at night (no darker than [[nautical twilight]]), to around 6 hours in midwinter.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/norway/oslo |title=Sun & moon times today, Oslo, Norway |website=www.timeanddate.com |access-date=3 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603044910/https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/norway/oslo |url-status=live}}</ref>

The warmest month on record is July 1901 with mean {{cvt|22.7|°C|1}}, and the all-time high {{cvt|35|C|F}} was also recorded in July 1901.<ref>{{cite web |author=Julie Berg Melfald |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/7lA6RW/fredag-kan-en-117-aar-gammel-varmerekord-i-oslo-staa-for-fall-vi-kan-ogsaa-begynne-aa-snuse-paa-landsrekorden |title=Fredag kan en 117 år gammel varmerekord i Oslo stå for fall: – Vi kan også begynne å snuse på landsrekorden |publisher=Aftenposten.no |date=26 July 2018 |access-date=3 June 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728025621/https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/7lA6RW/fredag-kan-en-117-aar-gammel-varmerekord-i-oslo-staa-for-fall-vi-kan |url-status=live}}</ref> The warmest month in more recent years is July 2018 with mean {{cvt|22.2|°C|1}} and average daily high {{cvt|29|°C|1}}. The record summer of 2018 also recorded the warmest May and May all-time high with {{cvt|31.1|C|F}} on 30th, and 2018 was even the sunniest year on record with 2133 sunhours.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsinenglish.no/2018/05/25/warm-weather-sets-new-record/ |title=Warm weather sets new records |date=25 May 2018 |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-date=28 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528114421/http://www.newsinenglish.no/2018/05/25/warm-weather-sets-new-record/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/det-har-aldri-noensinne-blitt-malt-hoyere-temperatur-i-norge-i-mai/69855090 |title=Det har aldri noensinne blitt målt høyere temperatur i Norge i mai |date=30 May 2018 |work=Dagbladet.no |access-date=13 August 2018 |language=no |archive-date=13 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813144626/https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/det-har-aldri-noensinne-blitt-malt-hoyere-temperatur-i-norge-i-mai/69855090 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://norwaytoday.info/news/oslo-bergen-set-heat-records/ |title=Oslo and Bergen set heat records – Norway Today |date=31 May 2018 |work=Norway Today |access-date=13 August 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=6 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806084426/http://norwaytoday.info/news/oslo-bergen-set-heat-records/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On [[2018 European heat wave|27 July 2018]], the temperature in Oslo rose to {{cvt|34.6|C|F}}, the hottest recorded since 1937, when weather recordings started at Blindern. 
In January, on average three out of four days are below freezing ({{cvt|0|C|F|disp=sqbr}}) and one out of four days is colder than {{cvt|-10|C|F}} (1961–1990).<ref name="met.no">{{cite web |url=http://met.no/Klima/Klimastatistikk/Vanlig_var/Sor-_og_Austlandet/Blindern_Oslo/ |access-date=10 January 2016 |title=Blindern (Oslo) |work=Norwegian Meteorological Institute |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215143202/http://met.no/Klima/Klimastatistikk/Vanlig_var/Sor-_og_Austlandet/Blindern_Oslo/ |archive-date=15 December 2010 }}</ref> The coldest temperature recorded is {{cvt|-29.6|C|F|1}}, on 21 January 1841, while the coldest recorded at Blindern is {{cvt|-26|C|F|1}} in January 1941. The coldest temperature more recently was on 6 January 2024, where the temperature reached -23.1 °C (-17 °F) at Oslo-Blindern, which is the coldest measured temperature since January 1987. The coldest month on record is January 1941 and also January 1947 with mean {{cvt|-12.9|°C|1}} and average daily low {{cvt|-16.7|°C|1}}. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below {{convert|0|°C|1|abbr=on|disp=comma}}) in spring is 23 April<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yr.no/artikkel/siste-frostnatt-om-varen-1.8119060 |title=Siste frostnatt om våren |language=Norwegian |website=yr.no |date=4 May 2012 |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref> and average date for first freeze in autumn is 17 October<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yr.no/artikkel/forste-frostnatt-1.11261900|title=Første frostnatt|date=25 September 2013 }}</ref> giving a frost-free season of 176 days (1981–2010 average for Blindern). Oslo sits right on the border between [[hardiness zones]] 7a and 7b.

Oslo Gardermoen airport is located 35 km northeast of Oslo and has a [[humid continental climate]] (Köppen climate classification: ''Dfb'') bordering on a [[subarctic climate]] (Köppen climate classification: ''Dfc'') in the 1991–2020 base period.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/ |date=14 February 2024|title=WMO Climate Normals}}</ref>
 
{{Weather box
|location=Oslo 1991–2020 normals and extremes (94 m, Blindern, 7.8% missing sunshine data)
|collapsed=
|metric first=Yes
|single line=Yes
|Jan record high C=10.4
|Feb record high C=13.7
|Mar record high C=21.5
|Apr record high C=25.4
|May record high C=31.1
|Jun record high C=31.9
|Jul record high C=34.6
|Aug record high C=31.5
|Sep record high C=26.4
|Oct record high C=19.1
|Nov record high C=16.1
|Dec record high C=12.6
|year record high C=
|Jan avg record high C=6.4
|Feb avg record high C=7.7
|Mar avg record high C=13.1
|Apr avg record high C=18.6
|May avg record high C=24.6
|Jun avg record high C=26.9
|Jul avg record high C=28.5
|Aug avg record high C=26.7
|Sep avg record high C=21.9
|Oct avg record high C=15.6
|Nov avg record high C=10.6
|Dec avg record high C=7.3
|year avg record high C=
|Jan high C=0.1
|Feb high C=1.1
|Mar high C=5.3
|Apr high C=11.0
|May high C=16.7
|Jun high C=20.4
|Jul high C=22.7
|Aug high C=21.3
|Sep high C=16.4
|Oct high C=9.6
|Nov high C=4.4
|Dec high C=0.8
|year high C=
|Jan mean C=-2.3
|Feb mean C=-1.9
|Mar mean C=1.3
|Apr mean C=6.2
|May mean C=11.4
|Jun mean C=15.3
|Jul mean C=17.6
|Aug mean C=16.4
|Sep mean C=12.1
|Oct mean C=6.5
|Nov mean C=2.1
|Dec mean C=-1.4
|year mean C=
|Jan low C=-4.7
|Feb low C=-4.7
|Mar low C=-2.1
|Apr low C=2.1
|May low C=6.8
|Jun low C=10.8
|Jul low C=13.4
|Aug low C=12.5
|Sep low C=8.6
|Oct low C=3.8
|Nov low C=-0.0
|Dec low C=-3.9
|year low C=
|Jan avg record low C=-13.8
|Feb avg record low C=-13.4
|Mar avg record low C=-9.3
|Apr avg record low C=-3.5
|May avg record low C=0.7
|Jun avg record low C=6.0
|Jul avg record low C=9.0
|Aug avg record low C=7.2
|Sep avg record low C=2.5
|Oct avg record low C=-2.6
|Nov avg record low C=-6.7
|Dec avg record low C=-12.3
|year avg record low C=
|Jan record low C=-20.5
|Feb record low C=-20.7
|Mar record low C=-16.9
|Apr record low C=-7.3
|May record low C=-1.8
|Jun record low C=3.0
|Jul record low C=6.5
|Aug record low C=4.2
|Sep record low C=-1.0
|Oct record low C=-8.0
|Nov record low C=-12.1
|Dec record low C=-19.7
|year record low C=
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=57.1
|Feb precipitation mm=44.9
|Mar precipitation mm=40.2
|Apr precipitation mm=47.2
|May precipitation mm=59.0
|Jun precipitation mm=78.7
|Jul precipitation mm=85.9
|Aug precipitation mm=101.8
|Sep precipitation mm=81.5
|Oct precipitation mm=91.7
|Nov precipitation mm=83.1
|Dec precipitation mm=53.2
|year precipitation mm=
| Jan precipitation days = 10.1
| Feb precipitation days = 8.0
| Mar precipitation days = 7.3
| Apr precipitation days = 7.9
| May precipitation days = 9.1
| Jun precipitation days = 10.0
| Jul precipitation days = 11.2
| Aug precipitation days = 11.3
| Sep precipitation days = 9.2
| Oct precipitation days = 10.6
| Nov precipitation days = 11.2
| Dec precipitation days = 10.0
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan humidity = 83.3
| Feb humidity = 79.2
| Mar humidity = 70.4
| Apr humidity = 64.7
| May humidity = 61.8
| Jun humidity = 63.8
| Jul humidity = 68.1
| Aug humidity = 71.8
| Sep humidity = 75.6
| Oct humidity = 80.1
| Nov humidity = 83.7
| Dec humidity = 84.7
| year humidity =
|Jan sun=45.1
|Feb sun=77.6
|Mar sun=146.5
|Apr sun=182.0
|May sun=248.0
|Jun sun=230.3
|Jul sun=244.1
|Aug sun=203.8
|Sep sun=150.1
|Oct sun=94
|Nov sun=50.9
|Dec sun=40.0
|year sun=
| Jan percentsun = 21
| Feb percentsun = 30
| Mar percentsun = 40
| Apr percentsun = 42
| May percentsun = 47
| Jun percentsun = 42
| Jul percentsun = 45
| Aug percentsun = 43
| Sep percentsun = 39
| Oct percentsun = 29
| Nov percentsun = 22
| Dec percentsun = 20
| year percentsun = 
|source=Seklima,<ref>seklima.met.no</ref> Store norske leksikon <ref>{{cite web | url=https://snl.no/klima_i_Norge#-Middeltemperaturer_(%C2%B0C)_i_Norge | title=Klima i Norge | date=28 October 2022 }}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
| location = Oslo Blindern (94 m, 1981–2010 normals; extremes since 1937)
| collapsed = 
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 12.5
| Feb record high C = 13.8
| Mar record high C = 21.5
| Apr record high C = 25.4
| May record high C = 31.1
| Jun record high C = 33.7
| Jul record high C = 35.0
| Aug record high C = 33.6
| Sep record high C = 26.4
| Oct record high C = 21.0
| Nov record high C = 14.4
| Dec record high C = 12.6
| year record high C = 
| Jan avg record high C=6.2
| Feb avg record high C=7.4
| Mar avg record high C=11.7
| Apr avg record high C=18.1
| May avg record high C=24.1
| Jun avg record high C=26.9
| Jul avg record high C=28.3
| Aug avg record high C=26.5
| Sep avg record high C=21.3
| Oct avg record high C=15.2
| Nov avg record high C=10.2
| Dec avg record high C=7.1
| year avg record high C=
| Jan high C = -0.4
| Feb high C = 0.5
| Mar high C = 4.4
| Apr high C = 10.1
| May high C = 16.5
| Jun high C = 20.0
| Jul high C = 22.3
| Aug high C = 20.9
| Sep high C = 15.7
| Oct high C = 9.4
| Nov high C = 3.9
| Dec high C = 0.0
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = -2.9
| Feb mean C = -2.4
| Mar mean C = 1.0
| Apr mean C = 5.9
| May mean C = 11.6
| Jun mean C = 15.3
| Jul mean C = 17.7
| Aug mean C = 16.6
| Sep mean C = 11.9
| Oct mean C = 6.6
| Nov mean C = 1.6
| Dec mean C = -2.3
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = -5.3
| Feb low C = -5.3
| Mar low C = -2.4
| Apr low C = 1.7
| May low C = 6.7
| Jun low C = 10.5
| Jul low C = 13.0
| Aug low C = 12.2
| Sep low C = 8.0
| Oct low C = 3.8
| Nov low C = -0.6
| Dec low C = -4.7
| year low C =
| Jan avg record low C=-14.9
| Feb avg record low C=-13.9
| Mar avg record low C=-10.3
| Apr avg record low C=-3.8
| May avg record low C=1.2
| Jun avg record low C=5.8
| Jul avg record low C=8.5
| Aug avg record low C=6.8
| Sep avg record low C=1.9
| Oct avg record low C=-2.9
| Nov avg record low C=-7.4
| Dec avg record low C=-13.8
| year avg record low C =
| Jan record low C = -26.0
| Feb record low C = -24.9
| Mar record low C = -21.3
| Apr record low C = -14.9
| May record low C = -3.4
| Jun record low C = 0.7
| Jul record low C = 3.7
| Aug record low C = 3.7
| Sep record low C = -3.3
| Oct record low C = -8.0
| Nov record low C = -16.0
| Dec record low C = -20.8
| year record low C =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 54.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 41.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 50.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 46.9
| May precipitation mm = 54.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 70.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 84.7
| Aug precipitation mm = 97.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 80.6
| Oct precipitation mm = 90.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 79.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 52.4
| year precipitation mm = 802.7
|snow colour=green
| Jan snow cm = 44
| Feb snow cm = 36
| Mar snow cm = 30
| Apr snow cm = 3
| May snow cm = 0.3
| Jun snow cm = 0
| Jul snow cm = 0
| Aug snow cm = 0
| Sep snow cm = 0
| Oct snow cm = 0.3
| Nov snow cm = 8
| Dec snow cm = 17
| Jan precipitation days = 9.8
| Feb precipitation days = 7.3
| Mar precipitation days = 8.5
| Apr precipitation days = 8.1
| May precipitation days = 8.5
| Jun precipitation days = 10.1
| Jul precipitation days = 10.9
| Aug precipitation days = 10.9
| Sep precipitation days = 9.4
| Oct precipitation days = 10.9
| Nov precipitation days = 10.7
| Dec precipitation days = 9.2
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 45.7
| Feb sun = 78.7
| Mar sun = 130.5
| Apr sun = 163.8
| May sun = 243.5
| Jun sun = 229.7
| Jul sun = 242.1
| Aug sun = 210.9
| Sep sun = 147.3
| Oct sun = 89.6
| Nov sun = 65.9
| Dec sun = 39.4
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 21
| Feb percentsun = 30
| Mar percentsun = 36
| Apr percentsun = 38
| May percentsun = 47
| Jun percentsun = 41
| Jul percentsun = 44
| Aug percentsun = 44
| Sep percentsun = 38
| Oct percentsun = 28
| Nov percentsun = 28
| Dec percentsun = 20
| year percentsun = 
| Jan uv = 0
| Feb uv = 1
| Mar uv = 1
| Apr uv = 3
| May uv = 4
| Jun uv = 5
| Jul uv = 5
| Aug uv = 4
| Sep uv = 3
| Oct uv = 1
| Nov uv = 0
| Dec uv = 0
| source 1 = Météo Climat <ref>{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-1-p159.php |title=Climate Normals for Norway 1981–2010 |language=fr |publisher=Météo Climat |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228044625/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-1-p159.php |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=442 |title=Weather extremes for Oslo Blindern |language=fr |publisher=Météo Climat |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-date=28 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228062053/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=442 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Weather Atlas<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/norway/oslo-climate |title=Oslo, Norway – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast |publisher=Yu Media Group |website=Weather Atlas |language=en |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=2 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702220728/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/norway/oslo-climate |url-status=live}}</ref>
| source = 
}}