Orlando, Florida

===Climate===
[[File:Orlando Tstorm.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Rainy season in the city]]
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Orlando has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa''/''Cwa'') like much of the deep Southern United States. The two basic seasons in Orlando are a hot and rainy season, lasting from May until late October (roughly coinciding with the [[Atlantic hurricane season]]), and a warm and dry season from November through April.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wesh.com/article/florida-rainy-season/27786924|title=What is the Central Florida rainy season?|first=Amy|last=Sweezey|date=June 10, 2019|website=WESH}}</ref> The area's warm and humid climate is caused primarily by its low elevation, its position relatively close to the [[Tropic of Cancer]], and its location in the center of a [[list of peninsulas|peninsula]]. Many characteristics of its climate are a result of its proximity to the [[Gulf Stream]], which flows around the peninsula of Florida.

During the height of Orlando's humid summer season, high temperatures are typically in the low 90s °F (32–34&nbsp;°C), while low temperatures rarely fall below the low 70s °F (22–24&nbsp;°C). The average window for {{convert|90|°F}} temperatures is April 9 to October 14. The area's humidity acts as a buffer, usually preventing actual temperatures from exceeding {{convert|100|°F|0}}, but also pushing the [[heat index]] to over {{convert|110|°F|0}}. The city's highest recorded temperature is {{convert|103|°F|0}}, set on September 8, 1921. During these months, strong afternoon thunderstorms occur almost daily. These storms are caused by air masses from the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and the Atlantic Ocean colliding over Central Florida. They are highlighted by spectacular [[lightning]] and can also bring heavy rain (sometimes several inches per hour) and powerful winds as well as rare damaging [[hail]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Thunderstorms |url=http://climatecenter.fsu.edu/topics/thunderstorms |website=Florida Climate Center |access-date=January 10, 2019}}</ref>

During the winter, humidity is much lower and temperatures are more moderate, and can fluctuate more readily. The monthly daily average temperature in January is {{convert|60.6|°F|1}}. Temperatures dip below the freezing mark on an average of only 1.6 nights per year and the lowest recorded temperature is {{convert|18|°F}}, set on [[Great Freeze|December 28, 1894]]. The annual mean minimum is just above {{convert|30|F|C}} putting Orlando in [[hardiness zone]] 10a. Because the winter season is dry and freezing temperatures usually occur only after cold fronts (and their accompanying precipitation) have passed, snow is exceptionally rare. The only accumulation ever to occur in the city proper since record keeping began was in 1948, although some accumulation occurred in surrounding areas in a snow event in January 1977 that reached Miami. Flurries have also been observed [[December 1989 United States cold wave|in 1989]], 2006,<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2006-11-21-florida-cold_x.htm Snow falls in central Florida as state endures unusual Nov. cold snap] ''[[USA Today]]''; Retrieved May 23, 2012</ref> and 2010.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/10/AR2010011002684.html Florida cold spell brings flurries to Orlando] ''[[The Washington Post]]''; Retrieved May 23, 2012</ref>

The average annual rainfall in Orlando is {{convert|51.45|in}}, a majority of which occurs in the period from June to September. October through May are Orlando's dry season. During this period (especially in its later months), often a [[wildfire]] hazard exists. During some years, fires have been severe. In 1998, a strong [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation|El Niño]] caused an unusually wet January and February, followed by drought throughout the spring and early summer, causing a record wildfire season that created numerous air-quality alerts in Orlando and severely affected normal daily life, including the postponement of that year's [[Coke Zero 400|Pepsi 400]] [[NASCAR]] race in nearby [[Daytona Beach, Florida|Daytona Beach]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1998-07-03/sports/9807020466_1_winston-tower-first-night-event-daytona-international-speedway |title=Pepsi 400 Postponed By Fires – Sun Sentinel |publisher=Articles.sun-sentinel.com |date=July 3, 1998 |access-date=October 16, 2012 |archive-date=May 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507083355/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1998-07-03/sports/9807020466_1_winston-tower-first-night-event-daytona-international-speedway |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Orlando is a major population center and has a considerable [[hurricane]] risk, although it is not as high as in [[South Florida]]'s urban corridor or other coastal regions. Since the city is located {{convert|42|mi|km}} inland from the Atlantic and {{convert|77|mi|km}} inland from the Gulf of Mexico,{{efn|Distance measured from Orlando City Hall to nearest Atlantic coastline, near [[Oak Hill, Florida|Oak Hill]], [[Brevard County, Florida|Brevard County]], and nearest Gulf coastline, near, [[Pine Island, Hernando County, Florida|Pine Island]], [[Hernando County, Florida|Hernando County]], using [[Google Earth]]'s Ruler tool.}} hurricanes usually weaken before arriving. Storm surges are not a concern since the region is {{convert|100|ft|m}} [[above mean sea level]]. Despite its location, the city does see strong hurricanes. During the notorious [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004 hurricane season]], Orlando was hit by three hurricanes that caused significant damage, with [[Hurricane Charley]] the worst of these. The city also experienced widespread damage during [[Hurricane Donna]] in 1960.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hurricane Donna is born |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hurricane-donna-is-born |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref>

[[Tornado]]es are not usually connected with the strong thunderstorms of the humid summer. They are more common during the infrequent cold days of winter, as well as in passing hurricanes. The two worst major outbreaks in the area's history, a [[1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak|1998 outbreak]] that killed 42 people and a [[2007 Groundhog Day tornado outbreak|2007 outbreak]] that killed 21, both happened in February.

{{Weather box
|location = Orlando ([[Orlando International Airport]]), Florida (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–present)
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high F = 88
|Feb record high F = 90
|Mar record high F = 97
|Apr record high F = 99
|May record high F = 102
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 101
|Aug record high F = 101
|Sep record high F = 103
|Oct record high F = 98
|Nov record high F = 93
|Dec record high F = 91
|year record high F = 103
|Jan avg record high F = 83.5
|Feb avg record high F = 85.5
|Mar avg record high F = 88.4
|Apr avg record high F = 91.1
|May avg record high F = 94.5
|Jun avg record high F = 96.1
|Jul avg record high F = 96.1
|Aug avg record high F = 95.4
|Sep avg record high F = 93.8
|Oct avg record high F = 91.0
|Nov avg record high F = 86.7
|Dec avg record high F = 83.7
|year avg record high F = 97.2
|Jan high F = 71.8
|Feb high F = 74.9
|Mar high F = 78.9
|Apr high F = 83.6
|May high F = 88.4
|Jun high F = 90.8
|Jul high F = 92.0
|Aug high F = 91.6
|Sep high F = 89.6
|Oct high F = 84.7
|Nov high F = 78.3
|Dec high F = 73.8
|year high F = 
|Jan mean F = 60.6
|Feb mean F = 63.6
|Mar mean F = 67.3
|Apr mean F = 72.2
|May mean F = 77.3
|Jun mean F = 81.2
|Jul mean F = 82.6
|Aug mean F = 82.6
|Sep mean F = 81.0
|Oct mean F = 75.5
|Nov mean F = 68.2
|Dec mean F = 63.3
|year mean F = 
|Jan low F = 49.5
|Feb low F = 52.4
|Mar low F = 55.8
|Apr low F = 60.7
|May low F = 66.3
|Jun low F = 71.6
|Jul low F = 73.2
|Aug low F = 73.7
|Sep low F = 72.4
|Oct low F = 66.2
|Nov low F = 58.2
|Dec low F = 52.9
|year low F = 
|Jan avg record low F = 33.2
|Feb avg record low F = 36.5
|Mar avg record low F = 41.3
|Apr avg record low F = 49.2
|May avg record low F = 58.2
|Jun avg record low F = 67.5
|Jul avg record low F = 70.5
|Aug avg record low F = 70.7
|Sep avg record low F = 67.8
|Oct avg record low F = 53.4
|Nov avg record low F = 44.4
|Dec avg record low F = 37.6
|year avg record low F = 31.3
|Jan record low F = 19
|Feb record low F = 19
|Mar record low F = 25
|Apr record low F = 37
|May record low F = 47
|Jun record low F = 53
|Jul record low F = 64
|Aug record low F = 63
|Sep record low F = 50
|Oct record low F = 38
|Nov record low F = 28
|Dec record low F = 18
|year record low F = 18
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 2.48
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.04
| Mar precipitation inch = 3.03
| Apr precipitation inch = 2.58
| May precipitation inch = 4.02
| Jun precipitation inch = 8.05
| Jul precipitation inch = 7.46
| Aug precipitation inch = 7.69
| Sep precipitation inch = 6.37
| Oct precipitation inch = 3.46
| Nov precipitation inch = 1.79
| Dec precipitation inch = 2.48
|year precipitation inch = 51.45
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 7.0
| Feb precipitation days = 6.4
| Mar precipitation days = 6.8
| Apr precipitation days = 6.3
| May precipitation days = 8.4
| Jun precipitation days = 16.2
| Jul precipitation days = 17.1
| Aug precipitation days = 17.2
| Sep precipitation days = 14.2
| Oct precipitation days = 8.4
| Nov precipitation days = 6.0
| Dec precipitation days = 7.1
| year precipitation days = 121.1
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|unit snow days = 0.1 in
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|source 1 = NOAA<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00012815&format=pdf
| title = NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = October 24, 2022
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00012815&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
| title = Monthly Normals 1991–2020
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = October 24, 2022
}}</ref> }}