Mumps Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Prognosis== Prognosis for most people who experience mumps is excellent as long-term complications and death are rare. Hospitalization is typically not required.<ref name=kutty /> Mumps is usually self-limiting and symptoms resolve spontaneously within two weeks as the immune system clears the virus from the body.<ref name=rubin /><ref name=davis /> In high-risk groups such as immunocompromised persons, prognosis is considered to be the same as for other groups.<ref name=kutty /> For most people, infection leads to lifelong immunity against future infection. Reinfections appear to be more mild and atypical than the first infection.<ref name=davis /> The overall [[case-fatality rate]] of mumps is 1.6β3.8 people per 10,000, and these deaths typically occur in those who develop encephalitis.<ref name=rubin /> Mumps orchitis typically resolves within two weeks. In 20% of cases, the testicles may be tender for a few more weeks. Atrophy, or reduction of size, of the involved testicle occurs in 30β50% of orchitis cases, which may lead to abnormalities in sperm creation and fertility such as [[Oligospermia|low sperm count]], [[Azoospermia|absence of sperm in semen]], [[Asthenozoospermia|reduced sperm motility]], reduced fertility (hypofertility) in 13% of cases, and rarely sterility. Hypofertility can, however, occur in cases without atrophy. Abnormalities in sperm creation can persist for months to years after recovery from the initial infection, the length of which increases as the severity of orchitis increases. Examination of these cases shows decreased testicular volume, tenderness of the testicles, and a feeling of inconsistency when handling the testicles. Infertility is linked to severe cases of orchitis affecting both testes followed by testicular atrophy, which may develop up to one year after the initial infection. Of bilateral orchitis cases, 30β87% experience infertility. There is a weak association between orchitis and later development of epididymitis and testicular tumors.<ref name=rubin /><ref name=davis /><ref name=masarani /> Mumps meningitis typically resolves within 3β10 days without long-term complications.<ref name=cdc /> In meningoencephalitis cases, higher protein levels in CSF and a lower CSF glucose to blood glucose ratio are associated with longer periods of hospitalization.<ref name=kanra /> Approximately 1% of those whose CNS is affected die from mumps.<ref name=gupta /><ref name=senanayake /> Post-infectious encephalitis tends to be relatively mild, whereas post-infectious encephalomyelitis has a case-fatality rate of up to ten percent.<ref name=senanayake /> Most cases of mumps deafness affect just one ear and are temporary, but permanent hearing loss occurs in 0.005% of infections.<ref name=rubin /><ref name=shu /> Myocarditis and pericarditis that occur as a result of mumps may lead to [[endocardial fibroelastosis]], i.e. thickening of the [[endocardium]].<ref name=gupta /><ref name=shu /> With extreme rarity, infertility and premature [[menopause]] have occurred as a result of mumps oophoritis.<ref name=rubin /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page