Manchester

=== Ethnicity ===
[[File:Manchester ethnic demography over time.gif|thumb|Ethnic demography of Manchester from 1971 to 2021]]
In terms of [[List of English districts and their ethnic composition|ethnic composition]], the City of Manchester has the highest non-white proportion of any district in Greater Manchester. Statistics from the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]] showed that 66.7 per cent of the population was [[White people|White]] (59.3 per cent [[White British]], 2.4 per cent [[Irish migration to Great Britain|White Irish]], 0.1 per cent [[Gypsy (term)|Gypsy]] or [[Irish Traveller]], 4.9 per cent [[Other White]] – although the size of mixed European and British ethnic groups is unclear, there are reportedly over 25,000 people in Greater Manchester of at least partial [[Italian Briton|Italian]] descent alone, which represents 5.5 per cent of the population of Greater Manchester<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/3223776.stm |work=BBC News |title=Italians revolt over church closure |date=29 November 2003 |access-date=12 May 2010 |first=David |last=Green |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204154746/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/3223776.stm |archive-date=4 December 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>). 4.7 per cent were [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|mixed race]] (1.8 per cent White and Black Caribbean, 0.9 per cent White and Black African, 1.0 per cent White and Asian, 1.0 per cent other mixed), 17.1 per cent [[British Asian|Asian]] (2.3 per cent [[British Indian|Indian]], 8.5 per cent [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]], 1.3 per cent [[British Bangladeshi|Bangladeshi]], 2.7 per cent [[British Chinese|Chinese]], 2.3 per cent other Asian), 8.6 per cent [[Black British|Black]] (5.1 per cent African<!--, 1.9 per cent [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]-->, 1.6 per cent [[other Black]]), 1.9 per cent [[British Arab|Arab]] and 1.2 per cent of other ethnic heritage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |title=2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales |publisher=ONS |access-date=12 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116113227/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |archive-date=16 January 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Manchester Chinatown 2023.jpg|thumb|The [[Manchester Chinatown|Chinatown]] Paifang]]
Kidd identifies [[Moss Side]], [[Longsight]], [[Cheetham Hill]], [[Rusholme]], as centres of population for ethnic minorities.<ref name = "Kidd"/> Manchester's Irish Festival, including a [[St Patrick's Day]] parade, is one of Europe's largest.<ref name="Irish festival">{{cite web |url=http://www.manchesteririshfestival.co.uk |title=The Manchester Irish Festival: the largest in the UK |access-date=28 June 2007 |publisher=Manchester Irish Festival Website |year=2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221081149/http://www.manchesteririshfestival.co.uk/ |archive-date=21 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There is also a well-established [[Chinatown, Manchester|Chinatown]] in the city with a substantial number of Chinese restaurants and supermarkets. The area also attracts large numbers of Chinese students to the city who, in attending the local universities,<ref name="Chinatown">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/chinatown/2004/01/history.shtml |title=History of Manchester's Chinatown |access-date=22 November 2007 |year=2004 |publisher=BBC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401041607/http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/chinatown/2004/01/history.shtml |archive-date=1 April 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> contribute to Manchester having the third-largest Chinese population in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manchesterairport.co.uk/manweb.nsf/Content/ManchesterAirportcelebratesDiwaliandEid |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313201103/http://www.manchesterairport.co.uk/manweb.nsf/Content/ManchesterAirportcelebratesDiwaliandEid |archive-date=13 March 2012 |title=Manchester Airport celebrates Diwali and Eid |access-date=7 September 2012 |year=2011 |publisher=MAG Airports Group}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/airport-city-bosses-in-650m-china-690688 |title=Airport City bosses in £650m China mission |access-date=7 September 2012 |year=2012 |work=Manchester Evening News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117014055/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/airport-city-bosses-in-650m-china-690688 |archive-date=17 January 2014}}</ref>

'''Ethnicity of Manchester, from 1971 to 2021:'''
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic group
! colspan="12" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1971 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=P. N. |date=1978 |title=The Distribution and Diffusion of the Coloured Population in England and Wales, 1961-71 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/622127 |journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=515–532 |doi=10.2307/622127 |jstor=622127 |pmid=12157820 |bibcode=1978TrIBG...3..515J |issn=0020-2754}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 2.2|last1= Equality|first1= Commission for Racial}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name=":412">Data is taken from United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm Casweb Data services] of the United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales] (Table 6)</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116113227/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |archive-date=16 January 2013 |access-date=12 December 2012 |publisher=ONS}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1 |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!512,936
!95.8%
!396,487
!92.1%
!353,685
!87.4%
!318,013
!81%
!335,109
!66.6%
!313,632
!56.8%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|292,498
|74.5%
|298,237
|59.3%
|268,572
|48.7%
|-
|White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|14,826
|3.8%
|11,843
|2.4%
|9,442
|1.7%
|-
|White: Traveller of Irish heritage
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|509
|0.1%
|597
|0.1%
|-
|White: Gypsy/Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|883
|0.2%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|10,689
|2.7%
|24,520
|4.9%
|34,138
|6.2%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian / Asian British]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!26,766
!6.6%
!41,003
!10.4%
!85,986
!17.1%
!115,109
!20.9%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,404
|
|5,817
|
|11,417
|2.3%
|14,857
|2.7%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|15,360
|3.8%
|23,104
|5.9%
|42,904
|8.5%
|65,875
|11.9%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,000
|
|3,654
|
|6,437
|1.3%
|9,673
|1.8%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|3,103
|
|5,126
|
|13,539
|2.7%
|12,644
|2.3%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: Other Asians
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,899
|
|3,302
|
|11,689
|2.3%
|12,060
|2.2%
|-
![[Black British people|Black / Black British]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!18,898
!4.7%
!17,739
!4.5%
!43,484
!8.6%
!65,893
!12%
|-
|Black: [[Black British people|African]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|3,465
|0.9%
|6,655
|1.7%
|25,718
|5.1%
|47,858
|8.7%
|-
|Black: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|10,390
|2.6%
|9,044
|2.3%
|9,642
|1.9%
|10,472
|1.9%
|-
|Black: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Blacks]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,043
|
|2,040
|
|8,124
|1.6%
|7,563
|1.4%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed / British Mixed]]
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!12,673
!3.2%
!23,161
!4.6%
!29,026
!5.2%
|-
|White and Black Caribbean
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,295
|
|8,877
|1.8%
|9,987
|1.8%
|-
|White and Black African
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,412
|
|4,397
|0.9%
|5,992
|1.1%
|-
|White and Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,459
|
|4,791
|1%
|6,149
|1.1%
|-
|Any other mixed background
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,507
|
|5,096
|1%
|6,898
|1.2%
|-
!Other: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!5,517
!1.4%
!3,391
!0.9%
!15,387
!3.1%
!28,278
!5.1%
|-
|Other: Arab
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,517
|1.4%
|3,391
|0.9%
|9,503
|1.9%
|15,028
|2.7%
|-
|Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,884
|1.2%
|13,250
|2.4%
|-
!Ethnic minority
!22,484
!4.2%
!33,944
!7.9%
!51,181
!12.6%
!74,806
!19%
!168,018
!33.4%
!238,306
!43.2%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total:
!535,420
!100%
!430,431
!100%
!404,866
!100%
!392,819
!100%
!503,127
!100%
!551,938
!100%
|}
'''Ethnicity of school pupils'''
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic group
! colspan="4" |School year<ref>{{Cite web |title=School and pupil characteristics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20130104055718/http://www.education.gov.uk/researchandstatistics/statistics/statistics-by-topic/schoolpupilcharacteristics?page=1 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schools, pupils and their characteristics, Academic Year 2021/22 |url=https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/school-pupils-and-their-characteristics |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |2004/2005
! colspan="2" |2021/2022
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!34,860
!64%
!34,609
!37.6%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|33,698
|61.9%
|29,591
|32.2%
|-
|White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|373
|
|320
|0.3%
|-
|White: Traveller of Irish heritage
|106
|
|87
|0.1%
|-
|White: Gypsy/Roma
|23
|
|286
|0.3%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|658
|
|4,325
|4.7%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian / Asian British]]: Total
!8,893
!16.3%
!23,594
!25.9%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|770
|
|2,163
|2.4%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|6,204
|
|15,838
|17.3%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|971
|
|2,157
|2.4%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|390
|
|1,073
|1.2%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: Other Asians
|558
|
|2,363
|2.6%
|-
![[Black British people|Black / Black British]]: Total
!4,700
!8.6%
!15,699
!17.1%
|-
|Black: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|1,517
|
|1,324
|1.4%
|-
|Black: [[Black British people|African]]
|2,618
|
|11,014
|12.0%
|-
|Black: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Blacks]]
|564
|
|3,361
|3.7%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed / British Mixed]]
!3,530
!6.5%
!8,808
!9.5%
|-
!Other: Total
!1,690
!3.1%
!7,448
!8.1%
|-
!Unclassified
!793
!1.5%
!1,628
!1.8%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total:
!54,470
!100%
!91,786
!100%
|}