Indemnity

===Costs of war===
The nation that wins a war may insist on being paid compensations for the costs of the war, even after having been the instigator of the war. 
* Following the [[First Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895]], the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] required that [[China]] pay [[Japan]] the sum of 200,000,000 [[tael]]s.<ref name="EB-Shimonseki">{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Shimonoseki |title=Treaty of Shimonoseki {{!}} 1895, China-Japan |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |access-date=8 October 2018 }}</ref>
* Following the massacres of foreigners during the [[Boxer Rebellion]], the defeated [[Qing Empire]] were to pay 450&nbsp;million [[tael]]s of fine silver as indemnity over a course of 39 years to the [[Eight-Nation Alliance|eight nations]] involved.<ref name="spence">[[Jonathan Spence|Spence, Jonathan D.]] [1991] (1991), ''[[The Search for Modern China]]'', [[WW Norton & Co.]] {{ISBN|0-393-30780-8}}.</ref>{{Clarify|date=December 2019|reason=What does "were to pay" mean? Is there a word missing, like "supposed" or "made" to pay?}} Under the [[exchange rate]]s at the time, this was equal to 335&nbsp;million US [[gold dollar]]s or [[Pound sterling|£]]67&nbsp;million.<ref name="spence"/>