Ghana

===Science and technology===
Ghana launched a cellular mobile network in 1992. It was later connected to the Internet and introduced ADSL broadband services.<ref name="Ghanaweb">{{cite web |title=Science & Technology |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/technology/ |publisher=Ghanaweb |date=24 June 2015 |access-date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623022534/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/technology/ |archive-date=23 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was ranked 99th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2023.<ref>{{Cite book |last=WIPO |title=Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2023/index.html |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=www.wipo.int |date=2 November 2023 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization |doi=10.34667/tind.46596 |isbn=9789280534320 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 October 2013 |title=Global Innovation Index |url=https://knowledge.insead.edu/entrepreneurship-innovation/global-innovation-index-2930 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=INSEAD Knowledge |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902101622/https://knowledge.insead.edu/entrepreneurship-innovation/global-innovation-index-2930 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Ghana Space Science and Technology Centre]] (GSSTC) and Ghana Space Agency (GhsA) oversee [[space exploration]] and space programmes. GSSTC and GhsA worked to have a [[national security]] [[Earth observation satellite|observational satellite]] launched into orbit in 2015.<ref name="BBCSpace">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18739694 |title=Africa's journey to space begins on the ground |year=2012 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=24 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613213302/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18739694 |archive-date=13 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.voanews.com/a/1686704.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628032244/http://www.voanews.com/a/1686704.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2013 |title=Ghana's Home-Grown Space Program Takes Off |year=2013 |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |location=United States |access-date=24 June 2013}}</ref> Ghana's annual space exploration expenditure has been 1% of its GDP, to support research in science and technology. In 2012, Ghana was elected to chair the [[Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South]] (Comsats); Ghana has a joint effort in space exploration with the [[South African National Space Agency]].<ref name="BBCSpace" />