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Do not fill this in! ===Pro-Republican and pro-Trump bias=== Fox News has been described as [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] media,<ref name="DellaVigna-2007">{{cite journal|last1=DellaVigna|first1=Stefano|last2=Kaplan|first2=Ethan|date=August 1, 2007|title=The Fox News Effect: Media Bias and Voting|journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics|volume=122|issue=3|pages=1187–1234|citeseerx=10.1.1.333.4616|doi=10.1162/qjec.122.3.1187|issn=0033-5533|s2cid=16610755}}</ref><ref name="Azari-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Azari |first=Julia |author-link=Julia Azari |year=2016 |title=How the News Media Helped to Nominate Trump |journal=[[Political Communication (journal)|Political Communication]] |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=678–679 |doi=10.1080/10584609.2016.1224417 |s2cid=151773937 |quote=It makes sense to consider whether conservative media (namely, Fox News) function in this institutional capacity.}}</ref> and as providing [[Media bias|biased reporting]] in favor of conservative political positions,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-outrage-industry-9780199928972 |title=The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility |last1=Berry |first1=Jeffrey M. |last2=Sobieraj |first2=Sarah |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19992-897-2 |location=Oxford, New York |pages=110–111 |quote=As trade publication Broadcasting & Cable put it, Fox has created 'a clear and strong brand, and an unwavering commitment to stick with it. Viewers, advertisers and cable operators all know what they're getting.' 'Unwavering' is apt; no matter how much it is criticized for the ideological nature of its content, Fox remains unbowed. It continues to deliver a strong conservative perspective throughout its programming ... over the years Fox has actually moved further to the right. |access-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229171814/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-outrage-industry-9780199928972?cc=us&lang=en& |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/15571.html |title=Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics |last=Hemmer |first=Nicole |author-link=Nicole Hemmer |date=2016 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-81222-430-6 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230090916/https://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/15571.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Rydgren-2018">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XD9FDwAAQBAJ&q=fox+news&pg=PA269 |title=The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right |last=Rydgren |first=Jens |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19027-455-9 |page=273 |quote=The way the conservative media, especially Fox News, reported on the initial Tea Party demonstrations illuminates the momentum the media can give to a start-up movement. Fox became an amplifier of Tea Party activism and rhetoric, giving national momentum to its predominantly local demonstrations.}}</ref> the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]],<ref name="LaMonica2009">{{cite book |title=Inside Rupert's Brain |first=Paul |last=La Monica |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-10101-659-6 |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Benkler |first1=Yochai |last2=Faris |first2=Robert |last3=Roberts |first3=Hal |date=November 29, 2018 |title=The Fox Diet |doi=10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19092-366-2 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/28351/1/9780190923624.pdf |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807211535/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/28351/9780190923624.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Grossmann |first1=Matt |last2=Hopkins |first2=David A. |date=February 27, 2019 |title=From Fox News to Viral Views: The Influence of Ideological Media in the 2018 Elections |journal=The Forum |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=547–567 |doi=10.1515/for-2018-0037 |s2cid=150481237 |issn=1540-8884}}</ref> and President Donald Trump.<ref name="Kludt-2018">{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/02/28/media/fox-news-jared-kushner-security-clearance/index.html |title=Fox News has avoided talking about Jared Kushner's security clearance |last=Kludt |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2018 |work=CNN Money |access-date=February 28, 2018 |quote=The network claims a uniquely powerful role in the pro-Trump echo chamber, setting the agenda for both the president and his millions of supporters. In this vein, Trump is rarely cast in an unfavorable light and the so called 'mainstream media' draws little praise. Bad news, like the one surrounding Kushner, routinely gets glossed over. |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403070519/https://money.cnn.com/2018/02/28/media/fox-news-jared-kushner-security-clearance/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Schwartz-2017b">{{Cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/21/mark-levin-fox-trump-host-255549 |title=Fox adds another pro-Trump host |first=Jason |last=Schwartz |date=November 21, 2017 |website=Politico |access-date=November 22, 2017 |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229225437/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/21/mark-levin-fox-trump-host-255549 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Benkler |first1=Yochai |last2=Faris |first2=Robert |last3=Roberts |first3=Hal |date=November 29, 2018 |title=Epistemic Crisis |doi=10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19092-366-2 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/28351/1/9780190923624.pdf |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807211535/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/28351/9780190923624.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Political scientist Jonathan Bernstein described Fox News as an expanded part of the Republican Party.<ref name="Grossman-2016"/> Political scientists Matt Grossmann and David A. Hopkins wrote that Fox News helped "Republicans communicate with their base and spread their ideas, and they have been effective in mobilizing voters to participate in midterm elections (as in 2010 and 2014)."<ref name="Grossman-2016"/> Prior to 2000, Fox News lacked an ideological tilt, and had more Democrats watch the channel than Republicans.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/asymmetric-politics-9780190626600?cc=is&lang=en& |title=Asymmetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats |last1=Grossman |first1=Matt |last2=Hopkins |first2=David A. |date=October 13, 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19062-660-0 |location=Oxford, New York |pages=158–159 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028153405/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/asymmetric-politics-9780190626600?cc=is&lang=en& |url-status=live }}</ref> During the [[2004 United States presidential election]], Fox News was markedly more hostile in its coverage of Democratic presidential nominee [[John Kerry]], and distinguished itself among cable news outlets for heavy coverage of the [[Swiftboating|Swift Boat smear campaign]] against Kerry.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/echo-chamber-9780195398601 |title=Echo Chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the Conservative Media Establishment |last1=Jamieson |first1=Kathleen Hall |last2=Cappella |first2=Joseph N. |date=February 4, 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19539-860-1 |location=Oxford, New York |page=5 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612104608/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/echo-chamber-9780195398601?cc=us&lang=en& |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Major |first1=Mark |last2=Andersen |first2=David J. |date=October 27, 2016 |title=Polls and Elections: Swift Boating Reconsidered: News Coverage of Negative Presidential Ads |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=891–910 |doi=10.1111/psq.12324 |issn=0360-4918}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skinner |first=Richard M. |date=January 10, 2005 |title=Do 527's Add Up to a Party? Thinking About the 'Shadows' of Politics |journal=The Forum |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.2202/1540-8884.1098 |s2cid=145781626 |issn=1540-8884}}</ref> During President Obama's first term in office, Fox News helped launch and amplify the [[Tea Party movement]], a conservative movement within the Republican Party that organized protests against Obama and his policies.{{refn|<ref name="Skocpol-2016"/><ref name="Rydgren-2018"/><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-outrage-industry-9780199928972 |title=The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility |last1=Berry |first1=Jeffrey M. |last2=Sobieraj |first2=Sarah |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19992-897-2 |location=Oxford, New York |pages=156–160 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229171814/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-outrage-industry-9780199928972?cc=us&lang=en& |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Grossman-2016b">{{cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/asymmetric-politics-9780190626600 |title=Asymmetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats |last1=Grossman |first1=Matt |last2=Hopkins |first2=David A. |date=October 13, 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19062-660-0 |location=Oxford, New York |pages=178–179 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-date=May 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518134531/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/asymmetric-politics-9780190626600?cc=us&lang=en& |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.routledge.com/Crashing-the-Tea-Party-Mass-Media-and-the-Campaign-to-Remake-American/Street-Dimaggio/p/book/9781315635408 |title=Crashing the Tea Party: Mass Media and the Campaign to Remake American Politics |first1=Paul |last1=Street |first2=Anthony R. |last2=Dimaggio |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, UK |pages=139–141 |isbn=978-1-31563-540-8 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230094241/https://www.routledge.com/Crashing-the-Tea-Party-Mass-Media-and-the-Campaign-to-Remake-American/Street-Dimaggio/p/book/9781315635408 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.routledge.com/Understanding-the-Tea-Party-Movement/Dyke-Meyer/p/book/9781315549088 |title=Understanding the Tea Party Movement |editor-first1=David S. |editor-last1=Meyer |editor-first2=Nella |editor-last2=Van Dyke |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, UK |pages=41–42 |isbn=978-1-31554-908-8 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111155958/https://www.routledge.com/Understanding-the-Tea-Party-Movement/Dyke-Meyer/p/book/9781315549088 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/populism-a-very-short-introduction-9780190234874 |title=Populism: A Very Short Introduction |last1=Mudde |first1=Cas |last2=Kaltwasser |first2=Cristóbal Rovira |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19023-487-4 |series=Very Short Introductions |location=Oxford, New York |page=114 |access-date=May 20, 2018 |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229172732/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/populism-a-very-short-introduction-9780190234874?cc=pl&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>}} During the [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|Republican primaries]], Fox News was perceived as trying to prevent Trump from clinching the nomination.<ref name="Azari-2016"/> Under Trump's presidency, Fox News remade itself into his image, as hardly any criticism of Trump could be heard on Fox News' prime-time shows.<ref name="Schwartz-2017b"/><ref name="Schwartz-2017">{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/09/fox-news-trump-presidency-244712 |title=Fox, facing new competitors, clings tighter to Trump |first=Jason |last=Schwartz |date=November 9, 2017 |website=Politico |access-date=November 9, 2017 |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229224423/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/09/fox-news-trump-presidency-244712 |url-status=live }}</ref> In Fox News' news reporting, the network dedicated far more coverage to Hillary Clinton-related stories, which critics argued was intended to deflect attention from the investigation into [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections]].<ref name="Schwartz-2017"/> Trump provided significant access to Fox News during his presidency, giving 19 interviews to the channel while only 6 in total to other news channels by November 2017; ''[[The New York Times]]'' described Trump's Fox News interviews as "softball interviews" and some of the interviewers' interview styles as "fawning".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/10/arts/television/president-trump-finds-his-tv-niche-in-softball-interviews.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/10/arts/television/president-trump-finds-his-tv-niche-in-softball-interviews.html |archive-date=January 2, 2022 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=President Trump Finds His TV Niche in Softball Interviews |last=Poniewozik |first=James |date=November 10, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=November 10, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In July 2018, ''[[The Economist]]'' has described the network's coverage of Trump's presidency as "reliably fawning".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/07/30/donald-trumps-attacks-on-the-media-may-have-backfired |title=Donald Trump's attacks on the media may have backfired |date=July 30, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230054949/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/07/30/donald-trumps-attacks-on-the-media-may-have-backfired |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2015 to 2017, the Fox News prime-time lineup changed from being skeptical and questioning of Trump to a "Trump safe space, with a dose of [[Bannonist]] populism once considered on the fringe".<ref name="Grynbaum-2017b"/> The Fox News website has also become more extreme in its rhetoric since Trump's election; according to [[Columbia University]]'s Tow Center for Digital Journalism, the Fox News website has "gone a little ''[[Breitbart]]''" over time.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/23/fox-news-website-breitbart-312326 |title=Fox News website beefs up and 'goes a little Breitbart' |first=Jason |last=Schwartz |date=December 23, 2017 |work=Politico |access-date=December 23, 2017 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207225027/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/23/fox-news-website-breitbart-312326 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the start of 2018, Fox News mostly ignored high-profile scandals in the Trump administration which received ample coverage in other national media outlets, such as White House Staff Secretary [[Rob Porter]]'s resignation amid domestic abuse allegations, the downgrading of [[Jared Kushner]]'s security clearance, and the existence of a [[non-disclosure agreement]] between Trump and the porn star [[Stormy Daniels]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/03/08/media/pro-trump-media-stormy-daniels/index.html |title=Pro-Trump media sweeps Stormy Daniels story under rug |last=Darcy |first=Oliver |date=March 8, 2018 |work=CNN Money |access-date=March 8, 2018 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230051956/https://money.cnn.com/2018/03/08/media/pro-trump-media-stormy-daniels/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2019, [[Jane Mayer]] reported in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' that Fox News.com reporter [[Diana Falzone]] had the story of the [[Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal]] before the 2016 election, but that Fox News executive [[Ken LaCorte]] told her: "Good reporting, kiddo. But Rupert [Murdoch] wants Donald Trump to win. So just let it go." The story was killed; LaCorte denied making the statement to Falzone, but conceded: "I was the person who made the call. I didn't run it upstairs to Roger Ailes or others. ... I didn't do it to protect Donald Trump." She added that "[Falzone] had put up a story that just wasn't anywhere close to being something I was comfortable publishing." [[Nik Richie]], who claimed to be one of the sources for the story, called LaCorte's account "complete bullshit", adding that "Fox News was culpable. I voted for Trump, and I like Fox, but they did their own '[[catch and kill]]' on the story to protect him."<ref name="auto1">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/03/11/the-making-of-the-fox-news-white-house |title=The Making of the Fox News White House |first=Jane |last=Mayer |date=March 4, 2019 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=December 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211045411/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/03/11/the-making-of-the-fox-news-white-house |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mediaite.com/online/former-head-of-foxnews-com-denies-trump-porn-star-story-was-ignored-easy-call-to-make/ |title=Former Head of FoxNews.Com Denies Trump-Porn Star Story Was Ignored: 'Easy Call to Make' |first=Aidan |last=McLaughlin |date=January 18, 2018 |website=Mediaite.com |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230125534/https://www.mediaite.com/online/former-head-of-foxnews-com-denies-trump-porn-star-story-was-ignored-easy-call-to-make/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2008 study found Fox News gave disproportionate attention to polls suggesting low approval for President [[Bill Clinton]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Groeling |first=Tim |date=December 1, 2008 |title=Who's the Fairest of them All? An Empirical Test for Partisan Bias on ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox News |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=631–657 |doi=10.1111/j.1741-5705.2008.02668.x |issn=1741-5705}}</ref> A 2009 study found Fox News was less likely to pick up stories that reflected well on Democrats, and more likely to pick up stories that reflected well on Republicans.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Baum |first1=Matthew A. |last2=Groeling |first2=Tim |year=2009 |title=Shot by the Messenger: Partisan Cues and Public Opinion regarding National Security and War |jstor=40213343 |journal=[[Political Behavior]] |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=157–186|doi=10.1007/s11109-008-9074-9 |s2cid=2429644 }}</ref> A 2010 study comparing Fox News Channel's ''Special Report With Brit Hume'' and NBC's ''[[NBC Nightly News|Nightly News]]'' coverage of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan during 2005 concluded "Fox News was much more sympathetic to the administration than NBC", suggesting "if scholars continue to find evidence of a partisan or ideological bias at FNC ... they should consider Fox as alternative, rather than mainstream, media".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Aday|first=Sean|date=February 25, 2010|title=Chasing the Bad News: An Analysis of 2005 Iraq and Afghanistan War Coverage on NBC and Fox News Channel|journal=Journal of Communication|volume=60|issue=1|pages=144–164|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01472.x|issn=0021-9916}}</ref> Research finds that Fox News increases Republican vote shares and makes Republican politicians more partisan.<ref name="Martin-2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=Gregory J. |last2=Ali |first2=Yurukoglu |year=2017 |title=Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization |journal=American Economic Review |volume=107 |issue=9 |pages=2565–2599 |doi=10.1257/aer.20160812 |s2cid=152704098 |issn=0002-8282 |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w20798.pdf |doi-access=free |access-date=August 29, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806185534/https://www.nber.org/papers/w20798.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Clinton-2014">{{Cite journal |last1=Clinton |first1=Joshua D. |last2=Enamorado |first2=Ted |date=October 1, 2014 |title=The National News Media's Effect on Congress: How Fox News Affected Elites in Congress |journal=The Journal of Politics |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=928–943 |doi=10.1017/S0022381614000425 |s2cid=31934930 |issn=0022-3816|citeseerx=10.1.1.720.6672 }}</ref><ref name="Schroeder-2015">{{cite journal|last1=Schroeder|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Stone|first2=Daniel F.|date=June 1, 2015|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272715000523|title=Fox News and Political Knowledge|journal=Journal of Public Economics|volume=126|pages=52–63|doi=10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.03.009|issn=0047-2727|access-date=February 23, 2022|archive-date=February 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225135158/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047272715000523|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2007 study, using the introduction of Fox News into local markets (1996–2000) as an instrumental variable, found that in the 2000 presidential election "Republicans gained 0.4 to 0.7 percentage points in the towns that broadcast Fox News", suggesting "Fox News convinced 3 to 28 percent of its viewers to vote Republican, depending on the audience measure".<ref name="DellaVigna-2007"/> These results were confirmed by a 2015 study.<ref name="Schroeder-2015"/> A 2014 study, using the same instrumental variable, found congressional "representatives become less supportive of President Clinton in districts where Fox News begins broadcasting than similar representatives in similar districts where Fox News was not broadcast."<ref name="Clinton-2014"/> Another 2014 paper found Fox News viewing increased Republican vote shares among voters who identified as Republican or independent.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hopkins |first=Daniel J. |date=March 11, 2014 |title=The Consequences of Broader Media Choice: Evidence from the Expansion of Fox News |journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=115–135 |doi=10.1561/100.00012099 |issn=1554-0626}}</ref> A 2017 study, using channel positions as an instrumental variable, found "Fox News increases Republican vote shares by 0.3 points among viewers induced into watching 2.5 additional minutes per week by variation in position."<ref name="Martin-2017"/> This study used a different metodhology for a later period and found an ever bigger effect and impact, leading [[Matthew Yglesias]] to write in the ''[[Political Communication (journal)|Political Communication]]'' academic journal that they "suggest that conventional wisdom may be greatly underestimating the significance of Fox as a factor in American politics."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Yglesias|first=Matthew|date=October 2, 2018|title=The Case for Fox News Studies|journal=Political Communication|volume=35|issue=4|pages=681–683|doi=10.1080/10584609.2018.1477532|s2cid=149869703|issn=1058-4609}}</ref> Fox News publicly denies it is biased,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/10/26/1098667750250.html |title=News Corp denies Fox News bias |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=October 26, 2004 |agency=Australian Associated Press |newspaper=The Age |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=January 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104151713/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/10/26/1098667750250.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with Murdoch and Ailes saying to have included Murdoch's statement that Fox has "given room to both sides, whereas only one side had it before".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/5b77af92-548c-11db-901f-0000779e2340.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/5b77af92-548c-11db-901f-0000779e2340.html |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=October 6, 2006 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |page=1 |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/5b77af92-548c-11db-901f-0000779e2340.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/5b77af92-548c-11db-901f-0000779e2340.html |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=October 6, 2006 |website=Financial Times |page=2 |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref> In June 2009,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1007046245001/exclusive-jon-stewart-on-fox-news-sunday/ |title=Exclusive: Jon Stewart on 'Fox News Sunday' |date=June 19, 2011 |website=Fox News Video |access-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129024034/https://video.foxnews.com/v/1007046245001/exclusive-jon-stewart-on-fox-news-sunday/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox News host [[Chris Wallace]] said: "I think we are the counter-weight [to NBC News] ... they have a liberal agenda, and we tell the other side of the story."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2011/06/chris-wallace-jon-stewart-fox |title=Did Chris Wallace Really Say Fox News Isn't Fair and Balanced? |first=David |last=Corn |date=June 20, 2011 |magazine=Mother Jones |access-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409151200/http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2011/06/chris-wallace-jon-stewart-fox |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gothamist.com/2011/06/21/video_when_chris_wallace_admitted_f.php |title=Jon Stewart: Chris Wallace Admitted Fox News Was Unbalanced |first=Garth |last=Johnston |date=June 21, 2011 |website=Gothamist |access-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224183119/http://gothamist.com/2011/06/21/video_when_chris_wallace_admitted_f.php |archive-date=February 24, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2011/06/jon-stewart-dissects-chris-wallaces-fox-news-logic/39049/ |title=Jon Stewart Dissects Chris Wallace's Fox News Logic |first=Erik |last=Hayden |date=June 21, 2011 |website=[[The Atlantic Wire]] |access-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-date=August 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820150725/http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2011/06/jon-stewart-dissects-chris-wallaces-fox-news-logic/39049/ }}</ref> In 2004, [[Robert Greenwald]]'s documentary film ''Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism'' argued Fox News had a conservative bias and featured clips from Fox News and internal memos from editorial vice president [[John Moody (journalist)|John Moody]] directing Fox News staff on how to report certain subjects.<ref name="tilting">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41604-2004Jul10.html |title=Tilting at the Right, Leaning to the Left |last=Kurtz |first=Howard |author-link=Howard Kurtz |date=July 11, 2004 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=D01 |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=June 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624110236/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41604-2004Jul10.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ChristiansFackler2015">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7vEvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |title=Media Ethics: Cases and Moral Reasoning |first1=Clifford G. |last1=Christians |first2=Mark |last2=Fackler |first3=Kathy |last3=Richardson |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-317-34652-4 |page=33 |access-date=January 27, 2016 |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204030242/https://books.google.com/books?id=7vEvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> A leaked memo from Fox News vice president [[Bill Sammon]] to news staff at the height of the [[health care reform in the United States]] debate has been cited as an example of the pro-[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] bias of Fox News. His memo asked the staff to "use the term 'government-run health insurance,' or, when brevity is a concern, 'government option,' whenever possible". The memo was sent shortly after Republican pollster [[Frank Luntz]] advised [[Sean Hannity]] on his Fox show: "If you call it a public option, the American people are split. If you call it the government option, the public is overwhelmingly against it."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/leaked-fox-news-memo-reveals-news-division-told-to-echo-gop-talking-point-2010-12 |title=Leaked Fox News Memo Reveals News Division Told To Echo GOP Talking Point |first=Glynnis |last=MacNicol |date=December 9, 2010 |website=Business Insider |access-date=September 30, 2014 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230100911/https://www.businessinsider.com/leaked-fox-news-memo-reveals-news-division-told-to-echo-gop-talking-point-2010-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> Surveys suggest Fox News is widely perceived to be ideological. A 2009 Pew survey found Fox News is viewed as the most ideological channel in America, with 47 percent of those surveyed said Fox News is "mostly conservative", 14 percent said "mostly liberal" and 24 percent said "neither". In comparison, [[MSNBC]] had 36 percent identify it as "mostly liberal", 11 percent as "mostly conservative" and 27 percent as "neither". [[CNN]] had 37 percent describe it as "mostly liberal", 11 percent as "mostly conservative" and 33 percent as "neither".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://people-press.org/report/559/ |title=Fox News Viewed as Most Ideological Network |date=October 29, 2009 |website=Pew Research Center |access-date=August 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106203155/http://people-press.org/report/559/ |archive-date=November 6, 2010 }}</ref> A 2004 [[Pew Research Center]] survey found FNC was cited (unprompted) by 69 percent of national journalists as a conservative news organization.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://people-press.org/report/214/bottom-line-pressures-now-hurting-coverage-say-journalists |title=Bottom-Line Pressures Now Hurting Coverage, Say Journalists: Overview |date=May 23, 2004 |work=Pew Research Center |access-date=September 30, 2014 |archive-date=March 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310053949/http://people-press.org/report/214/bottom-line-pressures-now-hurting-coverage-say-journalists |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[Rasmussen Reports|Rasmussen]] poll found 31 percent of Americans felt Fox News had a conservative bias, and 15 percent that it had a liberal bias. It found 36 percent believed Fox News delivers news with neither a conservative or liberal bias, compared with 37 percent who said [[NPR]] delivers news with no conservative or liberal bias and 32 percent who said the same of CNN.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/current_events/media/americans_see_liberal_media_bias_on_tv_news |title=Americans See Liberal Media Bias on TV News |date=July 13, 2007 |website=Rasmussen Reports |access-date=August 27, 2010 |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806123116/https://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/current_events/media/americans_see_liberal_media_bias_on_tv_news |url-status=live }}</ref> [[David Carr (journalist)|David Carr]], media critic for ''[[The New York Times]]'', praised the [[2012 United States presidential election]] results coverage on Fox News for the network's response to Republican adviser and Fox News contributor [[Karl Rove]] challenging its call that [[Barack Obama]] would win Ohio and the election. Fox's prediction was correct. Carr wrote: "Over many months, Fox lulled its conservative base with agitprop: that President Obama was a clear failure, that a majority of Americans saw [[Mitt Romney|[Mitt] Romney]] as a good alternative in hard times, and that polls showing otherwise were politically motivated and not to be believed. But on Tuesday night, the people in charge of Fox News were confronted with a stark choice after it became clear that Mr. Romney had fallen short: was Fox, first and foremost, a place for advocacy or a place for news? In this moment, at least, Fox chose news."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/12/business/media/fox-newss-election-coverage-followed-journalistic-instincts.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112094010/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/12/business/media/fox-newss-election-coverage-followed-journalistic-instincts.html |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=For One Night at Fox, News Tops Agenda |last=Carr |first=David |date=November 11, 2012 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref> A May 2017 study conducted by [[Harvard University]]'s Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy examined coverage of Trump's [[First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency|first 100 days]] in office by several major mainstream media outlets including Fox.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/19/trump-press-coverage-sets-new-standard-for-negativity-study.html |title=Trump Press Coverage 'Sets New Standard' for Negativity: Study |last1=Cox |first1=Jeff |date=May 19, 2017 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=May 24, 2017 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230114428/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/19/trump-press-coverage-sets-new-standard-for-negativity-study.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It found Trump received 80% negative coverage from the overall media, and received the least negative coverage on Fox – 52% negative and 48% positive.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/19/study-trump-press-coverage-new-standard-negativity/ |title=Harvard Agrees: Trump Press Coverage Sets 'New Standard for Negativity' |last1=Richardson |first1=Valerie |date=May 19, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=May 24, 2017 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230050249/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/19/study-trump-press-coverage-new-standard-negativity/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, 2017, [[Andrew Napolitano]], a Fox News commentator, claimed on ''Fox & Friends'' that British intelligence agency [[GCHQ]] had wiretapped Trump on behalf of Barack Obama during the [[2016 United States presidential election]].<ref name="Grynbaum-2017">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/business/media/fox-andrew-napolitano-trump.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/business/media/fox-andrew-napolitano-trump.html |archive-date=January 2, 2022 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=Fox's Andrew Napolitano Stirred the Pot for Trump's British Tempest |last=Grynbaum |first=Michael M. |date=March 17, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=March 21, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2017/03/16/andrew-napolitano-did-obama-spy-on-trump.html |title=Did Obama spy on Trump? |last=Napolitano |first=Andrew |date=March 16, 2017 |publisher=Fox News |access-date=March 21, 2017 |archive-date=December 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210184805/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/andrew-napolitano-did-obama-spy-on-trump |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 16, 2017, White House spokesman [[Sean Spicer]] repeated the claim.<ref name="Grynbaum-2017"/> When Trump was questioned about the claim at a news conference, he said "All we did was quote a certain very talented legal mind who was the one responsible for saying that on television. I didn't make an opinion on it."<ref name="Baker-2017">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/world/europe/trump-britain-obama-wiretap-gchq.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/world/europe/trump-britain-obama-wiretap-gchq.html |archive-date=January 2, 2022 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=Trump Offers No Apology for Claim on British Spying |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |last2=Erlanger |first2=Steven |date=March 17, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=March 21, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On March 17, 2017, [[Shepard Smith]], a Fox News anchor, admitted the network had no evidence that Trump was under surveillance. British officials said the White House was backing off the claim.<ref name="Baker-2017"/> Napolitano was later suspended by Fox News for making the claim.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-napolitano-fox-news-20170320-story.html |title=Fox News pulls Judge Napolitano over his Trump wiretap claims |last=Battaglio |first=Stephen |date=March 20, 2017 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=March 21, 2017 |issn=0458-3035 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230061245/https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-napolitano-fox-news-20170320-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2018, Fox News executives instructed producers to head off inappropriate remarks made on the shows aired by the network by hosts and commentators.<ref name="Schwartz-2018">{{Cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/27/suzanne-scott-fox-panelists-680625 |title=New Fox chief cracks down on inflammatory statements |first=Jason |last=Schwartz |date=June 27, 2018 |website=Politico |access-date=June 28, 2018 |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229234918/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/27/suzanne-scott-fox-panelists-680625 |url-status=live }}</ref> The instructions came after a number of Fox News hosts and guests made incendiary comments about [[Trump administration family separation policy|the Trump administration's policy of separating migrant children from their parents]].<ref name="Schwartz-2018"/> Fox News host [[Laura Ingraham]] had likened the child detention centers that the children were in to "summer camps". Guest [[Corey Lewandowski]] mocked the story of a 10-year-old child with [[Down syndrome]] being separated from her mother; the Fox News host did not address Lewandowski's statement.<ref name="Schwartz-2018"/> Guest [[Ann Coulter]] falsely claimed that the separated children were "child actors"; the Fox News host did not challenge her claim.<ref name="Schwartz-2018"/> In a segment on Trump's alleged use of racial dog whistles, one Fox News contributor told an African-American whom he was debating: "You're out of your cotton-picking mind."<ref name="Schwartz-2018"/> According to the 2016 book ''Asymmetric Politics'' by political scientists Matt Grossmann and David A. Hopkins, "Fox News tends to raise the profile of scandals and controversies involving Democrats that receive scant attention in other media, such as the [[Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy|relationship between Barack Obama and William Ayers]] ... Hillary Clinton's role in the fatal 2012 attacks on the American consulate in Benghazi, Libya; the [[ATF gunwalking scandal|gun-running scandal known as 'Fast and Furious']]; the business practices of federal loan guarantee recipient [[Solyndra]]; the past activism of Obama White House operative [[Van Jones]]; the 2004 attacks on John Kerry by the [[Swift Boat Veterans for Truth]]; the [[Jeremiah Wright controversy|controversial sermons of Obama's Chicago pastor Jeremiah Wright]]; the [[ACORN 2009 undercover videos controversy|filming of undercover videos of supposed wrongdoing by the liberal activist group ACORN]]; and the 'war on Christmas' supposedly waged every December by secular, multicultural liberals."<ref name="Grossman-2016b"/> In October 2018, Fox News ran laudatory coverage of a meeting between Trump-supporting rapper [[Kanye West]] and President Trump in the [[Oval Office]]. Fox News had previously run negative coverage of rappers and their involvement with Democratic politicians and causes, such as when Fox News ran headlines describing conscious hip-hop artist [[Common (rapper)|Common]] as "vile" and a "cop-killer rapper", and when Fox News ran negative coverage of Kanye West before he became a Trump supporter.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2018/10/12/fox-swooned-over-kanye-west-white-house-heres-how-it-covered-rappers-visiting-obama/ |title=Fox swooned over Kanye West at the White House. Here's how it covered rappers visiting Obama |first=Eli |last=Rosenberg |date=October 12, 2018 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=October 12, 2018 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112042306/https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?next_url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2018/10/12/fox-swooned-over-kanye-west-white-house-heres-how-it-covered-rappers-visiting-obama/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 4, 2018, Trump's website, DonaldJTrump.com, announced in a press release that Fox News host Sean Hannity would make a "special guest appearance" with Trump at a midterm campaign rally the following night in [[Cape Girardeau, Missouri]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/04/media/sean-hannity-donald-trump-rally-fox-news/index.html |title='Special Guest' Sean Hannity to appear at Trump rally |first=Brian |last=Stelter |date=November 5, 2018 |publisher=CNN |access-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111152014/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/04/media/sean-hannity-donald-trump-rally-fox-news/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The following morning, Hannity tweeted "To be clear, I will not be on stage campaigning with the President."<ref>{{cite tweet |first=Sean |last=Hannity |user=seanhannity |number=1059476042975535104 |date=November 6, 2018 |title=To be clear... |access-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106045357/https://twitter.com/seanhannity/status/1059476042975535104 |archive-date=November 6, 2018 }}</ref> Hannity appeared at the president's lectern on stage at the rally, immediately mocking the "fake news" at the back of the auditorium, Fox News reporters among them. Several Fox News employees expressed outrage at Hannity's actions, with one stating that "a new line was crossed".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/06/media/fox-news-sean-hannity-jeanine-pirro-trump-rally/index.html |title='It disturbs me to my core': Fox News staffers express outrage over Hannity's rally appearance |first=Oliver |last=Darcy |date=November 6, 2018 |publisher=CNN |access-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107230959/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/06/media/fox-news-sean-hannity-jeanine-pirro-trump-rally/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Hannity later asserted that his action was not pre-planned, and Fox News stated it "does not condone any talent participating in campaign events".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/fox-news-responds-hannity-at-trump-rally-we-do-not-condone-this-unfortunate-distraction/ |title=Fox News Responds to Hannity at Trump Rally: We Do 'Not Condone' This 'Unfortunate Distraction' |first=Aidan |last=McLaughlin |date=November 6, 2018 |website=Mediaite.com |access-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109181344/https://www.mediaite.com/tv/fox-news-responds-hannity-at-trump-rally-we-do-not-condone-this-unfortunate-distraction/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox News host [[Jeanine Pirro]] also appeared on stage with Trump at the rally. The Trump press release was later removed from Trump's website.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/rallies/nov-girardeau-2018/? |title=Rallies |website=DonaldJTrump.com }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Fox News released a poll of registered voters, jointly conducted by two polling organizations, on June 16, 2019. The poll found some unfavorable results for Trump, including a record high 50% thought the Trump campaign had coordinated with the Russian government, and 50% thought he should be impeached – 43% saying he should also be removed from office – while 48% said they did not favor impeachment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/fox-news-poll-voters-doubt-impeachment-will-happen |title=Fox News Poll: Voters doubt impeachment will happen |first=Dana |last=Blanton |date=June 14, 2019 |publisher=Fox News |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111161904/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/fox-news-poll-voters-doubt-impeachment-will-happen |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/413536427/Fox-News-Poll-June-16 |title=Fox News Poll, June 16, 2019 |publisher=Fox News |via=Scribd |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230134154/https://www.scribd.com/document/413536427/Fox-News-Poll-June-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> The next morning on ''[[Fox & Friends First]]'', host [[Heather Childers]] twice misrepresented the poll results, stating "a new Fox News poll shows most voters don't want impeachment" and "at least half of U.S. voters do not think President Trump should be impeached," while the on-screen display of the actual poll question was also incorrect. Later that morning on ''[[America's Newsroom]]'', the on-screen display showed the correct poll question and results, but highlighted the 48% of respondents who opposed impeachment rather than the 50% who supported it (the latter being broken-out into two figures). As host [[Bill Hemmer]] drew guest [[Byron York]]'s attention to the 48% opposed figure, they did not discuss the 50% support figure, while the on-screen [[Lower third|chyron]] read: "Fox News Poll: 43% Support Trump's Impeachment and Removal, 48% Oppose."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/fox-news-repeatedly-misreports-their-own-poll-showing-50-favor-trump-impeachment/ |title=WATCH: Fox News Lies About Their Own Poll Showing 50 Percent Want Impeachment |first=Tommy |last=Christopher |date=June 17, 2019 |website=Mediaite.com |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230130027/https://www.mediaite.com/tv/fox-news-repeatedly-misreports-their-own-poll-showing-50-favor-trump-impeachment/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Later that day, Trump tweeted: "@FoxNews Polls are always bad for me...Something weird going on at Fox."<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |number=1140768516288782336 |title=@FoxNews Polls are always bad for me. They were against Crooked Hillary also. Something weird going on at Fox. |first=Donald J. |last=Trump |date=June 17, 2019 |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref> In April 2017, it became known that former Obama administration national security advisor [[Susan Rice]] sought the [[Unmasking by U.S. intelligence agencies|unmasking]] of Trump associates who were unidentified in intelligence reports, notably Trump's incoming national security advisor [[Michael Flynn]], during the [[Presidential transition of Donald Trump|presidential transition]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2017-04-03/top-obama-adviser-sought-names-of-trump-associates-in-intel|title=Susan Rice Sought Names of Trump Associates in Intel|date=April 3, 2017|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=October 14, 2020|archive-date=December 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212173510/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2017-04-03/top-obama-adviser-sought-names-of-trump-associates-in-intel|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2020, acting [[Director of National Intelligence]] [[Richard Grenell]], a Trump loyalist, declassified a list of Obama administration officials who had also requested unmasking of Trump associates, which was subsequently publicly released by Republican senators.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/13/us/politics/unmasking-flynn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513235016/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/13/us/politics/unmasking-flynn.html |archive-date=May 13, 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Republicans Release Names of Obama-Era Officials in 'Unmaskings' That Revealed Flynn|first1=Julian E.|last1=Barnes|first2=Charlie|last2=Savage|date=May 13, 2020|work=The New York Times}}</ref> That month, attorney general [[Bill Barr]] appointed federal prosecutor [[John Bash]] to examine the unmaskings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/27/politics/william-barr-unmasking-investigation/index.html|title=Attorney general launches new 'unmasking' investigation around 2016 election|author=David Shortell|date=May 28, 2020|publisher=CNN|access-date=October 14, 2020|archive-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230115842/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/27/politics/william-barr-unmasking-investigation/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Fox News primetime hosts declared the unmaskings a "domestic spying operation" for which the Obama administration was "exposed" in the "biggest abuse of power" in American history.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Darcy |first=Oliver |date=October 14, 2020 |title=Fox News portrayed it as one of the biggest scandals in American history. Then it fell apart |language=en-US |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/14/media/fox-news-unmasking-obamagate/index.html |access-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230120345/https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/14/media/fox-news-unmasking-obamagate/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Bash inquiry closed months later with no findings of substantive wrongdoing.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/barr-unmasking-review-no-charges/2020/10/13/0f63fd2e-0d67-11eb-8074-0e943a91bf08_story.html|title='Unmasking' probe commissioned by Barr concludes without charges or any public report|first1=Matt|last1=Zapotosky|first2=Shane|last2=Harris|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=October 14, 2020|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210012148/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/barr-unmasking-review-no-charges/2020/10/13/0f63fd2e-0d67-11eb-8074-0e943a91bf08_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, certain Fox personalities have not had as much of a favorable reception from Trump: news anchors [[Shepard Smith]] (who retired from Fox in 2019) and [[Chris Wallace]] have been criticized by Trump for allegedly being adversarial,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Badkar |first1=Mamta |title=Veteran Fox anchor and Trump critic Shepard Smith steps down |url=https://www.ft.com/content/76f99406-ec63-11e9-85f4-d00e5018f061 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/76f99406-ec63-11e9-85f4-d00e5018f061 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 18, 2020 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=October 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rupar |first1=Aaron |title=Trump's adversarial relationship with presidential debate moderator Chris Wallace, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2020/9/29/21455848/trump-chris-wallace-fox-news-2020-presidential-debate |access-date=November 18, 2020 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=September 29, 2020 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116172858/https://www.vox.com/2020/9/29/21455848/trump-chris-wallace-fox-news-2020-presidential-debate |url-status=live }}</ref> alongside Fox analyst [[Andrew Napolitano]], who said Trump's actions in the [[Trump–Ukraine scandal]] were "both criminal and impeachable behavior".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pengelly |first1=Martin |title=William Barr told Murdoch to 'muzzle' Fox News Trump critic, new book says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/22/william-barr-rupert-murdoch-muzzle-andrew-napolitano-fox-news-trump-critic-book |access-date=November 18, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 22, 2020 |archive-date=December 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217224843/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/22/william-barr-rupert-murdoch-muzzle-andrew-napolitano-fox-news-trump-critic-book |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump was also critical of the network hiring former [[Democratic National Committee|DNC]] chair [[Donna Brazile]], in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Collins |first1=Terry |title=Trump Rips Into Fox News in Late-Night Twitter Tirade |url=https://fortune.com/2019/07/08/trump-fox-news-brazile-twitter/ |access-date=November 18, 2020 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=July 8, 2019 |archive-date=July 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710154550/https://fortune.com/2019/07/08/trump-fox-news-brazile-twitter/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The relationship between Trump and Fox News, as well as other [[Rupert Murdoch]]-controlled outlets, soured following the [[2020 United States presidential election]], as Trump refused to concede that [[Joe Biden]] had been elected [[President-elect of the United States|President-elect]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=McCarthy |first1=Tom |title=Rupert Murdoch-owned US outlets turn on Trump, urging him to act with 'grace' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/07/rupert-murdoch-owned-us-outlets-turn-on-trump-urging-him-to-concede-with-grace |access-date=November 17, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 7, 2020 |archive-date=December 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221040304/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/07/rupert-murdoch-owned-us-outlets-turn-on-trump-urging-him-to-concede-with-grace |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Maass |first1=Peter |title=As Trump Is Defeated, the Murdochs Try to Dodge Backlash for Fox News |url=https://theintercept.com/2020/11/06/fox-news-election-trump-murdoch/ |access-date=November 17, 2020 |work=[[The Intercept]] |date=November 9, 2020 |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220233711/https://theintercept.com/2020/11/06/fox-news-election-trump-murdoch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This negative tonal shift led to increased viewership of [[Newsmax]] and [[One America News]] among Trump and his supporters due to their increased antipathy towards Fox;<ref>{{cite news |title=As the Trump show is cancelled, what next for Fox News? |url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/11/14/as-the-trump-show-is-cancelled-what-next-for-fox-news |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=November 14, 2020 |access-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107192429/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/11/14/as-the-trump-show-is-cancelled-what-next-for-fox-news |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Folkenflick |first1=David |title=Analysis: Is Trump's Next Foe Fox News? |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/11/14/932390859/analysis-is-trumps-next-foe-fox-news |access-date=November 17, 2020 |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=November 14, 2020 |archive-date=December 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228203237/https://www.npr.org/2020/11/14/932390859/analysis-is-trumps-next-foe-fox-news |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wilson |first1=Jason |title=OANN: what is the alternative far-right media outlet Trump is pushing? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/16/oann-what-is-tv-network-trump-is-pushing |access-date=November 17, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 16, 2020 |archive-date=December 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228213837/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/16/oann-what-is-tv-network-trump-is-pushing |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Klein |first1=Charlotte |title=Newsmax Is Going All-in On Trump to Try and "Overtake Fox News" |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2020/11/newsmax-pro-trump-fox-news-competition |access-date=November 17, 2020 |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=November 16, 2020 |archive-date=December 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203005249/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2020/11/newsmax-pro-trump-fox-news-competition |url-status=live }}</ref> and as a result, Fox released promotional videos of their opinion hosts disputing the election results, promoting a Trump-affiliated [[conspiracy theory]] about [[voter fraud]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pengelly |first1=Martin |title='Can we have America back?' Fox News video echoes Trump election claims |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/nov/14/fox-news-criticized-for-echoing-baseless-trump-claims-about-election |access-date=November 18, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 14, 2020 |archive-date=December 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228213843/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/nov/14/fox-news-criticized-for-echoing-baseless-trump-claims-about-election |url-status=live }}</ref> By one measure, Newsmax saw a 497% spike in viewership, while Fox News saw a 38% decline.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2020/12/27/fox-news-viewers-switch-to-newsmax/|title=Why these Fox News loyalists have changed the channel to Newsmax|first=Jeremy|last=Barr|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=January 3, 2021|archive-date=February 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203164407/https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2020/12/27/fox-news-viewers-switch-to-newsmax/|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for the [[Poynter Institute for Media Studies]] in February 2021, senior media writer Tom Jones argued that the primary distinction between Fox News and MSNBC is not right bias vs. left bias, but rather that much of the content on Fox News, especially during its primetime programs, "is not based in truth."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Tom |title=No, Fox News and MSNBC are not the same thing |url=https://www.poynter.org/newsletters/2021/no-fox-news-and-msnbc-are-not-the-same-thing/ |publisher=Poynter Institute for Media Studies |date=February 1, 2021 |access-date=February 27, 2021 |archive-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201123137/https://www.poynter.org/newsletters/2021/no-fox-news-and-msnbc-are-not-the-same-thing/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' reported in August 2021 that it had reviewed four months of emails indicating Fox News producers had coordinated with aides of Florida governor [[Ron DeSantis]] to promote his political prospects by inviting him for frequent network appearances, exchanging talking points and, in one case, helping him to stage an exclusive news event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/florida-politics/2021/08/13/inside-fox-news-desantis-is-the-future-of-the-party-and-hes-taking-advantage/|title=Inside Fox News, DeSantis is 'the future of the party.' And he's taking advantage.|first=Tampa Publishing|last=Company|website=Tampa Bay Times|access-date=August 13, 2021|archive-date=August 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813164210/https://www.tampabay.com/news/florida-politics/2021/08/13/inside-fox-news-desantis-is-the-future-of-the-party-and-hes-taking-advantage/|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2024, Alan Rosenblatt of [[Johns Hopkins University]] said that Fox News "is an entertainment company that has a news division, not a news company", adding that it "not only does not provide that distinction, it goes out of its way to make it difficult to see the difference. They make their opinion programs look like news programs, and they incorporate enough opinion content on their news programs to further that deception."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Francesca |date=February 2, 2024 |title=Must be exhausting: How Taylor Swift became a target for misinformation |url=https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/analysis/must-be-exhausting-how-taylor-swift-became-a-target-for-misinformation |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=[[Logically (company)|Logically]] |language=en |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202153112/https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/analysis/must-be-exhausting-how-taylor-swift-became-a-target-for-misinformation |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox News has published headlines accusing the [[English Wikipedia]] of having a left-wing and [[socialist]] bias.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Inside Wikipedia's Historic, Fiercely Contested "Election" |url=https://slate.com/technology/2022/06/wikipedia-administrator-election-tamzin.html |access-date=August 26, 2022 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |language=en |quote=Publications like Fox News and OpIndia have a history of running headlines decrying what they view as Wikipedia's leftist, socialist bias. |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824123521/https://slate.com/technology/2022/06/wikipedia-administrator-election-tamzin.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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