Deity

===Native American===
====Inca====
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| footer            = Inti Raymi, a winter solstice festival of the Inca people, reveres ''Inti'', the sun deity—offerings include round bread and maize beer
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{{Main|Inca mythology|Religion in the Inca Empire|Inca religion in Cusco}}

The [[Inca Empire|Inca culture]] has believed in ''[[Viracocha]]'' (also called ''Pachacutec'') as the [[creator deity]].<ref name="Roza"/>{{rp|27–30}}<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|726–729}} ''Viracocha'' has been an abstract deity to Inca culture, one who existed before he created space and time.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kolata|first1=Alan L.|title=Ancient Inca|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-86900-3|page=164|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=RpELeDbp7BQC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> All other deities of the Inca people have corresponded to elements of nature.<ref name="Roza"/><ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|726–729}} Of these, the most important ones have been ''[[Inti]]'' ([[Solar deity|sun deity]]) responsible for agricultural prosperity and as the father of the first Inca king, and ''Mama Qucha'' the goddess of the sea, lakes, rivers and waters.<ref name="Roza"/> ''Inti'' in some mythologies is the son of ''Viracocha'' and ''Mama Qucha''.<ref name="Roza"/><ref name="Sherman">{{cite book|last1=Sherman|first1=Josepha|title=Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-45938-5|page=238|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=n2-sBwAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref>

{{Quote box
 |quote  = '''Inca Sun deity festival'''
<poem>
Oh creator and Sun and Thunder,
be forever copious,
do not make us old,
let all things be at peace,
multiply the people,
and let there be food,
and let all things be fruitful.
</poem>
 |source = —Inti Raymi prayers<ref name="Parker">{{cite book|last1=Parker|first1=Janet|last2=Stanton|first2=Julie|title=Mythology: Myths, Legends and Fantasies|date=2006|publisher=Struik|location=Cape Town, South Africa|isbn=978-1-77007-453-8|page=501|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=p7dR2w1Wv2sC}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
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Inca people have revered many male and female deities. Among the feminine deities have been ''Mama Kuka'' (goddess of joy), ''Mama Ch'aska'' (goddess of dawn), ''Mama Allpa'' (goddess of harvest and earth, sometimes called ''Mama Pacha'' or ''[[Pachamama]]''), [[Mama Killa]] ([[List of lunar deities|moon goddess]]) and ''Mama Sara'' (goddess of grain).<ref name="Sherman"/><ref name="Roza"/>{{rp|31–32}} During and after the imposition of Christianity during [[Spanish Empire|Spanish colonialism]], the Inca people retained their original beliefs in deities through [[syncretism]], where they overlay the Christian God and teachings over their original beliefs and practices.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Melton|first1=J. Gordon|last2=Baumann|first2=Martin|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|isbn=978-1-59884-204-3|pages=2243–2244|edition=2nd|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=v2yiyLLOj88C}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Koschorke|first1=Klaus |last2=Ludwig|first2=Frieder|last3=Delgado|first3=Mariano|last4=Spliesgart|first4=Roland|title=A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1450–1990: A Documentary Sourcebook|date=2007|publisher=W.B. Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids, MI|isbn=978-0-8028-2889-7|pages=323–325|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=dbq6fkyp698C}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Kuznar">{{cite book|last1=Kuznar|first1=Lawrence A.|title=Ethnoarchaeology of Andean South America: Contributions to Archaeological Method and Theory|date=2001|publisher=International Monographs in Prehistory|location=Ann Arbor, MI|isbn=978-1-879621-29-9|pages=45–47|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=88R8AAAAMAAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> The male deity ''Inti'' became accepted as the Christian God, but the Andean rituals centered around Inca deities have been retained and continued thereafter into the modern era by the Inca people.<ref name="Kuznar"/><ref name="Fagan">{{cite book|last1=Fagan|first1=Brian M.|last2=Beck|first2=Charlotte|title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-507618-9|pages=345|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=ystMAgAAQBAJ|page=345}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref>

====Maya and Aztec====
{{Main|List of Maya gods and supernatural beings|Maya religion|List of Aztec gods and supernatural beings|Aztec mythology}}

In [[Maya civilization|Maya culture]], ''[[Kukulkan]]'' has been the supreme [[creator deity]], also revered as the god of [[reincarnation]], water, fertility and wind.<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|797–798}} The Maya people built [[Mesoamerican pyramids|step pyramid temples]] to honor ''Kukulkan'', aligning them to the [[Sun]]'s position on the spring [[equinox]].<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|843–844}} Other deities found at Maya archaeological sites include ''[[Chac-Xib-Chac|Xib Chac]]''—the benevolent male rain deity, and ''[[Ixchel]]''—the benevolent female earth, weaving and pregnancy goddess.<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|843–844}} The [[Maya calendar]] had 18 months, each with 20 days (and five unlucky days of ''Uayeb''); each month had a presiding deity, who inspired social rituals, special trading markets and community festivals.<ref name="Fagan"/>
[[File:Quetzalcóatl 5.jpg|thumb|Quetzalcoatl in the [[Codex Borgia]]]]
A deity with aspects similar to ''Kulkulkan'' in the Aztec culture has been called ''[[Quetzalcoatl]]''.<ref name="Littleton"/>{{rp|797–798}} However, states Timothy Insoll, the Aztec ideas of deity remain poorly understood. What has been assumed is based on what was constructed by [[Christian mission]]aries. The deity concept was likely more complex than these historical records.<ref name="Insoll">{{cite book|last1=Insoll|first1=Timothy|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-923244-4|pages=563–567|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=U4_ylNNHBy4C}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> In [[Aztec culture]], there were hundred of deities, but many were henotheistic [[incarnation]]s of one another (similar to the [[avatar]] concept of Hinduism). Unlike Hinduism and other cultures, Aztec deities were usually not anthropomorphic, and were instead zoomorphic or hybrid icons associated with spirits, natural phenomena or forces.<ref name="Insoll"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Issitt|first1=Micah Lee|last2=Main|first2=Carlyn|title=Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs|date=2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-478-0|pages=373–375|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=kmFhBQAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> The Aztec deities were often represented through ceramic figurines, revered in home shrines.<ref name="Insoll"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Faust|first1=Katherine A.|last2=Richter|first2=Kim N.|title=The Huasteca: Culture, History, and Interregional Exchange|date=2015|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-4957-8|pages=162–163|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=f5j_BwAAQBAJ}}|access-date=28 June 2017|language=en}}</ref>
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