Atlanta

===Population===
{{Main|Demographics of Atlanta}}
{{See also|Religion in Atlanta|Hispanic and Latino communities in Metro Atlanta|History of the Jews in Atlanta|African Americans in Atlanta}}
{{US Census population
| 1850 = 2572
| 1860 = 9554
| 1870 = 21789
| 1880 = 37409
| 1890 = 65533
| 1900 = 89872
| 1910 = 154839
| 1920 = 200616
| 1930 = 270366
| 1940 = 302288
| 1950 = 331314
| 1960 = 487455
| 1970 = 495039
| 1980 = 425022
| 1990 = 394017
| 2000 = 416474
| 2010 = 420003
| 2020 = 498715
| estyear = 2022
| estimate = 499127
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decade|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br> 1850-1870<ref name=1870CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1870 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1870|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref> 1870-1880<ref name=1880CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1880 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1880|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1880/vol-01-population/1880_v1-09.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref><br> 1890-1910<ref name=1910CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1910 Census of Population - Georgia  |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1930|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ga.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref> 1920-1930<ref name=1930CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1930 Census of Population - Georgia  |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1930|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/03815512v1ch04.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|pages=251–256}}</ref><br> 1940<ref name=1940CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1940 Census of Population - Georgia  |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1940|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch04.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1950 Census of Population - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1980|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-2/37779083v2p11ch2.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref><br> 1960<ref name=1960CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1960 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia  |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1960|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-12-c.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref>  1970<ref name=1970CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1970 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia  |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1970|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ga-01.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia  |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1980|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_gaABC-01.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref><br> 1990<ref name=1990CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1990 Census of Population - Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1990|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cph-5/cph-5-12.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 2000<ref name=2000CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 2000 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia  |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 2000|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-12.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref><br> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Atlanta city, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1304000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Atlanta city, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1304000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition 
!2020<ref name=atl1020>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US1304000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|title=Explore Census Data|publisher=data.census.gov|access-date=June 23, 2022}}</ref>!! 2010<ref name=atl1020/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_14_1YR_B03002&prodType=table |title=Atlanta (city), Georgia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214011041/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_14_1YR_B03002&prodType=table |archive-date=February 14, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>!! 2000 !! 1990<ref name="census1" /> !! 1980<ref name="census1" /> !! 1970<ref name="census1" /> !! 1940<ref name="census1" />
|-
|[[African American|Black or African American]] 
|46.7%||54.0% ||61.4% ||67.1% ||66.6% ||54.3% ||39.6%
|-
|[[White American|White (Non-Hispanic)]] 
|38.5%||38.4% ||33.2% ||30.3% ||31.9% ||39.4% ||65.4%
|-
|[[Asian American|Asian]] 
|4.5%||3.9%||0.9% ||1.9% ||0.5%|| 0.9% ||0.1%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) 
|6.0%||5.2% ||4.5% ||1.9% ||1.4%|| 1.2% ||n/a
|}

The [[2020 United States census]] reported that Atlanta had a population of 498,715. The [[population density]] was 3,685.45 persons per [[square mile]] (1,422.95/[[square kilometer|km<sup>2</sup>]]). The racial makeup of Atlanta (including Hispanics) was 51.0% Black or African American, 40.9% White, 4.2% Asian and 0.3% Native American, and 1.0% from other races. 2.4% of the population reported [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Atlanta city, Georgia|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/atlantacitygeorgia#qf-headnote-a|access-date=January 6, 2022|website=Census.gov|language=en}}</ref> Hispanics of any race made up 6.0% of the city's population.<ref name="AtlCensus">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010" (Select Atlanta (city), Georgia) |publisher=US Census Bureau |access-date=October 28, 2014 }}</ref> The median income for a household in the city was $77,655 in 2022.<ref name="census.gov">https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/atlantacitygeorgia/INC110222}</ref> The per capita income for the city was $60,778 in 2022.<ref>https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/atlantacitygeorgia/INC110222</ref> 17.7% percent of the population was living below the [[Poverty threshold|poverty line]] in 2022.<ref name="census.gov"/>

[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Atlanta (5559880279).png|thumb|left|Map of racial distribution in Atlanta, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

In the 1920s, the Black population began to grow in Southern metropolitan cities like Atlanta, [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], [[Houston]], and [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/on-african-american-migrations/|title=The African-American Migration Story|website=PBS ([[WNET]])|date=2013|access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> The [[New Great Migration]] brought an insurgence of African Americans from [[California]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-may-24-me-migration24-story.html|title=In a Reverse Migration, Blacks Head to New South|last=Arax|first=Mark|website=Los Angeles Times|date=May 24, 2004|access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> and the [[Northern United States|North]] to the Atlanta area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lawrencemigration.phillipscollection.org/culture/migration-map|website=[[The Phillips Collection]]|title=The Migration Series: African American Migration Patterns|access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-rise-of-black-majority-cities/|title=The rise of black-majority cities|last1=Harshabrger|first1=David|last2=Perry|first2=Andre M.|website=The Brookings Institution|date=February 26, 2019|access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> It has long been known as a center of African-American political power, education, entrepreneurship, and culture, often called a [[Black mecca]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ajc.com/atlanta-weather/a-champion-for-atlanta-maynard-jackson-black-mecca-burgeoned-under-leader/E7QREDVYH5AKXFDZOVK7ZO2XZA/|title=A CHAMPION FOR ATLANTA: Maynard Jackson: 'Black mecca' burgeoned under leader|last1=Poole|first1=Shelia|last2=Paul|first2=Peralte|website=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|date=June 29, 2003|access-date=June 4, 2021}}</ref><ref>"the city that calls itself America's 'Black Mecca{{Single+double}} in "Atlanta Is Less Than Festive on Eve of Another 'Freaknik{{Single+double}}, ''Washington Post'', April 18, 1996</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Severson|first=Kim|date=November 26, 2011|title=Stars Flock to Atlanta, Reshaping a Center of Black Culture|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/26/us/atlanta-emerges-as-a-center-of-black-entertainment.html|access-date=January 6, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In the 1990s, Atlanta started to experience [[Black flight]] to its [[suburbs]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-feb-27-na-suburbs27-story.html|title=Atlanta Suburbs Bloom for Blacks|first=Ellen|last=Barry|date=February 27, 2004|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/metro-atlantas-black-meccas-suburban-layout-is-changing|title='Black Mecca' expanding to north Metro Atlanta suburbs|first=Alex|last=Whittler|date=February 23, 2023|website=FOX 5 Atlanta}}</ref> A massive influx of African Americans are moving to the suburbs primarily seeking a lower cost of living or better public schools. The African American share of Atlanta's population is the fastest declining of any racial group.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.11alive.com/article/news/local/census-no-more-black-majority-in-atlanta/85-645bed51-b9bd-4263-bbd3-40c1a97ded61|title=Census: No more Black majority in Atlanta|date=August 26, 2021|website=11Alive.com}}</ref> The city's African American population shrank from 61% of the city's population in 2000 to 47% in 2020. Blacks made up nine percent of new Atlanta residents between 2010 and 2020.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="blogs.ajc.com"/> Atlanta is also home to a sizable foreign-born Black population.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/georgia-news/atlantas-foreign-born-black-population-soars-new-study-shows/FRCEM6ZQBBEEHLTQBQGWD4VMBA/|title=Atlanta's foreign-born Black population soars, new study shows|website= The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|last1=Grinspan |first1=Lautaro }}</ref>

With many notable investments occurring in Atlanta initiated by the [[1996 Olympics]], the White population of Atlanta began to rebound after several decades of [[White flight]] to Atlanta's suburbs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2015/06/03/atlanta-olympics-city-legacy|title=How The Olympics Changed Atlanta, And What Boston Could Learn|website=Wbur.org|date=June 3, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/white-populations-decline-in-diversifying-atlanta-suburbs/FLQ55YEVD5CMLBEO23OPRT3CE4/|title=White populations decline in diversifying Atlanta suburbs|first=Lautaro|last=Grinspan|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |via=AJC.com}}</ref> Between 2000 and 2020, the proportion of Whites in the city had strong growth. In two decades, Atlanta's White population grew from 33% to 39% of the city's population. Whites made up the majority of new Atlanta residents between 2010 and 2020.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Gurwitt |first=Rob |url=http://www.governing.com/topics/politics/Atlanta-and-the-Urban.html |title=Atlanta and the Urban Future|work=[[Governing (magazine)|Governing]]|publisher=Governing.com |date=July 1, 2008 |access-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref>

The Hispanic and Latino populations in Atlanta and metro Atlanta are growing strong.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://atlantaregional.org/whats-next-atl/articles/hispanic-population-shows-strong-growth-across-metro-atl/|title=Hispanic population shows strong growth across metro ATL|newspaper=Arc }}</ref> The largest Hispanic ancestries in Atlanta are [[Mexican Americans|Mexican]], [[Stateside Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] and [[Cuban Americans|Cuban]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Hispanic&g=1600000US1304000&tid=ACSDT5Y2020.B03001 | title=Explore Census Data|website=Data.census.gov }}</ref> There is a growing presence of Mexicans throughout the 10-county region. Mexicans are also concentrated along the Buford Highway and I-85 corridor, first noted in the 1990 census, have expanded and now extend well into Gwinnett County.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://documents.atlantaregional.com/gawsnapshots/mexican.pdf|title=Mexicans|website=Documents.atlantaregional.com|access-date=July 28, 2023}}</ref> Metro Atlanta has the 19th largest Hispanic population in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atlantamagazine.com/news-culture-articles/metro-atlanta-no-19-for-hispanic-population/|title=Metro Atlanta No. 19 for Hispanic population|date=August 30, 2013 }}</ref> The Atlanta area also has a fast growing Asian American population. Most Asians in Atlanta are of Indian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Pakistani and Japanese descent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://atlantaregional.org/whats-next-atl/articles/data-dive-metro-atlantas-fast-growing-asian-community/|title=Data Dive: Metro Atlanta's Fast-Growing Asian Community|newspaper=Arc }}</ref>

Early immigrants in the Atlanta area were mostly [[American Jews|Jews]] and [[Greek Americans|Greeks]]. Since 2010, the Atlanta area has seen very notable growth with immigrants from India, China, South Korea, and Jamaica.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zByZal1b_RsC&q=atlanta+born+in+jamaica+demographic&pg=PA124 |title = African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century, the|isbn = 9781438436852|last1 = Frazier|first1 = John W.|last2 = Darden|first2 = Joe T.|last3 = Henry|first3 = Norah F.|date = September 2010| publisher=Global Academic }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/local/metro-atlanta-population-growth-fueled-minorities/fz4aXo7CdyhEai1RgjW8jO/|title=Metro Atlanta population growth fueled by minorities|website=AJC|date=June 24, 2019|access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> Other notable countries immigrants come from are Vietnam, Eritrea, Nigeria, the Arabian gulf, Ukraine and Poland.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ByeaAgAAQBAJ&q=atlanta+immigrants+eritrea+nigeria&pg=PA61 |title = The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 2: Geography|isbn = 9780807877210|last1 = Pillsbury|first1 = Richard|date = February 2014| publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press }}</ref> Within a few decades, and in keeping with national trends, immigrants from England, Ireland, and German-speaking central Europe were no longer the majority of Atlanta's foreign-born population. The city's Italians included immigrants from northern Italy, many of whom had been in Atlanta since the 1890s; more recent arrivals from southern Italy; and Sephardic Jews from the Isle of Rhodes, which Italy had seized from Turkey in 1912.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/743657|title=Toward an "Immigrant Turn" in Jewish Entrepreneurial History: A View from the New South|first=Marni|last=Davis|date=December 17, 2019|journal=American Jewish History|volume=103|issue=4|pages=429–456|via=Project MUSE|doi=10.1353/ajh.2019.0046|s2cid=213779756}}</ref> Europeans from [[Great Britain]], [[Ireland]] and [[Germany]] settled in the city as early as the 1840s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historians.org/research-and-publications/perspectives-on-history/december-2015/immigrant-atlanta-how-newcomers-have-enriched-the-city|title=Immigrant Atlanta: How Newcomers Have Enriched the City}}</ref> Most of Atlanta's European population are from the United Kingdom and Germany. Bosnian refugees settled in Atlanta.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkegNOlL5GQC&dq=atlanta+georgia+immigrants+mexico+china&pg=PA95|title=Beyond the Gateway: Immigrants in a Changing America|page=95|isbn=978-0-7391-0636-5 |last1=Gozdziak |first1=Elzbieta M. |last2=Goździak |first2=Elżbieta M. |last3=Martin |first3=Susan Forbes |date=January 28, 2024 |publisher=Lexington Books }}</ref>

Vietnamese people, Cambodians, Ethiopians and Eritreans were the earliest refugees formally brought to the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ncph.org/history-at-work/atlanta-immigrant-gateway-globalized-south/|title=Atlanta: Immigrant gateway of the globalized South|date=February 19, 2020 }}</ref>

Of the total population five years and older, 83.3% spoke only English at home, while 8.8% spoke Spanish, 3.9% another Indo-European language, and 2.8% an Asian language.<ref>U.S. Census 2008 American Community Survey</ref> 7.3% of Atlantans were born abroad ([[List of U.S. cities by foreign-born population|86th]] in the US).<ref name="AtlCensus"/><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ByeaAgAAQBAJ&q=atlanta+immigrants+india+mexico+korea&pg=PA61 |title = The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 2: Geography|isbn = 9780807877210|last1 = Pillsbury|first1 = Richard|date = February 2014| publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press }}</ref> Atlanta's dialect has traditionally been a variation of [[Southern American English]]. The [[Chattahoochee River]] long formed a border between the [[Southern American English#Dialects|Coastal Southern]] and [[Southern American English#Dialects|Southern Appalachian]] dialects.<ref name=dyer>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qeECAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA86 |title="Tongue Twisters"|magazine= Atlanta magazine |date= December 2003 |access-date=May 17, 2012}}</ref> Because of the development of corporate headquarters in the region, attracting migrants from other areas of the country, by 2003, ''[[Atlanta (magazine)|Atlanta]]'' magazine concluded that Atlanta had become significantly "de-Southernized". A Southern accent was considered a handicap in some circumstances.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=seECAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA80 |title="Too Southern for Atlanta"|magazine=Atlanta magazine |date=February 2003|access-date=May 17, 2012}}</ref> In general, Southern accents are less prevalent among residents of the city and inner suburbs and among younger people; they are more common in the outer suburbs and among older people.<ref name=dyer/> At the same time, some residents of the city speak in Southern variations of [[African-American English]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Bonesteel |first=Amy |url=http://www.atlantamagazine.com/southern/atlanta-accent/ |title=Is There an Atlanta Accent? |work=Atlanta |date=November 1, 2012 |access-date=July 31, 2017}}</ref>
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