Sleep deprivation

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One study suggested, based on neuroimaging, that 35 hours of total sleep deprivation in healthy controls negatively affected the brain's ability to put an emotional event into the proper perspective and make a controlled, suitable response to the event.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yoo SS, Gujar N, Hu P, Jolesz FA, Walker MP | title = The human emotional brain without sleep--a prefrontal amygdala disconnect | journal = Current Biology | volume = 17 | issue = 20 | pages = R877–R878 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17956744 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.007 | s2cid = 9008816 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2007CBio...17.R877Y }}</ref>

According to the latest research, lack of sleep may cause more harm than previously thought and may lead to the permanent loss of brain cells.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-21 |title=最新研究：睡眠不足会永久损伤脑细胞 | trans-title = Latest research: Lack of sleep can permanently damage brain cells |url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/science/2014/03/140321_lost_sleep |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=BBC News 中文 (Chinese) |language=zh-hans}}</ref> The negative effects of sleep deprivation on alertness and cognitive performance suggest decreases in brain activity and function. These changes primarily occur in two regions: the [[thalamus]], a structure involved in alertness and attention, and the [[prefrontal cortex]], a region subserving alertness, attention, and higher-order cognitive processes.<ref name="performance" /> This was the finding of an American study in 2000. Seventeen men in their 20s were tested. Sleep deprivation was progressive, with measurements of glucose (absolute regional CMRglu), cognitive performance, alertness, mood, and subjective experiences collected after 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours of sleep deprivation. Additional measures of alertness, cognitive performance, and mood were collected at fixed intervals. [[Positron emission tomography|PET]] scans were used, and attention was paid to the circadian rhythm of cognitive performance.<ref name="performance" /> Interestingly, the effects of sleep deprivation appear to be constant across "night owls" and "early birds", or different sleep chronotypes, as revealed by [[fMRI]] and [[graph theory]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Farahani FV, Fafrowicz M, Karwowski W, Douglas PK, Domagalik A, Beldzik E, Oginska H, Marek T | title = Effects of Chronic Sleep Restriction on the Brain Functional Network, as Revealed by Graph Theory | journal = Frontiers in Neuroscience | volume = 13 | pages = 1087 | date = 11 October 2019 | pmid = 31680823 | pmc = 6807652 | doi = 10.3389/fnins.2019.01087 | publisher = Frontiers Media SA | doi-access = free }}</ref>