Prohibition in the United States

=== Health ===
Research indicates that rates of cirrhosis of the liver declined significantly during Prohibition and increased after Prohibition's repeal.<ref name="Moore1989" /><ref name="MacCounReuter2001" /> According to the historian Jack S. Blocker Jr., "death rates from cirrhosis and alcoholism, alcoholic psychosis hospital admissions, and drunkenness arrests all declined steeply during the latter years of the 1910s, when both the cultural and the legal climate were increasingly inhospitable to drink, and in the early years after National Prohibition went into effect."<ref name="Blocker2006" /> Studies examining the rates of [[cirrhosis]] deaths as a proxy for alcohol consumption estimated a decrease in consumption of 10–20%.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dills |first1=A.K. |last2=Miron |first2=J.A. |year=2004 |title=Alcohol prohibition and cirrhosis |journal=American Law and Economics Review |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=285–318 |doi=10.1093/aler/ahh003 |s2cid=71511089 |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w9681.pdf |access-date=August 8, 2019 |archive-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602145256/http://www.nber.org/papers/w9681.pdf |url-status=live }}<!--http://www.nber.org/papers/w9681.pdf--></ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Moore |editor1-first=M.H. |editor2-last=Gerstein |editor2-first=D.R. |title=Alcohol and Public Policy: Beyond the Shadow of Prohibition |year=1981 |url=https://archive.org/details/alcoholpublicpol00moor |url-access=registration |publisher=National Academy Press |location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-0-585-11982-3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Edwards |first1=G. |last2=Anderson |first2=Peter |last3=Babor |first3=Thomas F. |last4=Casswell |first4=Sally |last5=Ferrence |first5=Roberta |last6=Giesbrecht |first6=Norman |last7=Godfrey |first7=Christine |last8=Holder |first8=Harold D. |last9=Lemmens |first9=Paul H.M.M. |year=1994 |title=Alcohol Policy and the Public Good |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-262561-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/alcoholpolicypub00edwa }}</ref> [[National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism]] studies show clear epidemiological evidence that "overall cirrhosis mortality rates declined precipitously with the introduction of Prohibition," despite widespread flouting of the law.<ref name="INational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism">{{cite journal |title=The Epidemiology of Alcoholic Liver Disease |first1=Robert E. |last1=Mann |first2=Reginald G. |last2=Smart |first3=Richard |last3=Govoni |journal=Alcohol Research & Health |year=2003 |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=209–219 |publisher=[[National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism]] |pmid=15535449 |pmc=6668879 |url=http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh27-3/209-219.htm |access-date=July 13, 2012 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180417/http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh27-3/209-219.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>