Phoenix, Arizona

===Ethnicity===
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Phoenix.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in Phoenix]]
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Phoenix (5560484318).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Phoenix, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition  !! 1940<ref name="census" />!! 1970<ref name="census" />!! 1990<ref name="census" />!! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html |title=State & County QuickFacts – Phoenix (city), Arizona |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521120746/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html |archive-date=May 21, 2012 }}</ref>
!2020<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=2020 Census|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/phoenixcityarizona/PST045219}}</ref>
|-
| [[White American|White (Non-Hispanic)]] || n/a|| 81.3% || 71.8% || 46.5% || 42.2%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]|| n/a|| 12.7% || 20.0% || 40.8% || 42.6%
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] || 6.5%|| 4.8% || 5.2% || 6.0% || 7.1%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 0.8%|| 0.5% || 1.7% || 3.0% || 3.9%
|-
| [[Multiracial American|Mixed]] || n/a || n/a || n/a || 1.7% || 3.4%
|-
|}

According to the 2020 census, the racial breakdown of Phoenix was as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.statesmanjournal.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/phoenix-city-arizona/160-0455000/|title=Phoenix city, Arizona Demographics and Housing 2020 Decennial Census|website=Statesman Journal}}</ref>
* [[White people|White]]: 49.7% (42.2% non-Hispanic)
* [[African American|Black or African American]]: 7.8%
* [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]]: 2.6%
* [[Asian American|Asian]]: 4.1%
* [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]]: 0.2%
* Other race: 20.1%
* [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]]: 15.5%
* [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]: 41.1%

According to the 2010 census, the racial breakdown of Phoenix was as follows:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP3 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212210601/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |title=Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin: 2010 |access-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref>
* [[White people|White]]: 65.9% (46.5% non-Hispanic)
* [[African American|Black or African American]]: 6.5% (6.0% non-Hispanic)
* [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]]: 2.2%
* [[Asian American|Asian]]: 3.2% (0.8% Indian, 0.5% Filipino, 0.5% Korean, 0.4% Chinese, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.2% Japanese, 0.2% Thai, 0.1% Burmese)
* [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]]: 0.2%
* Other race: 18.5%
* [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]]: 3.6%

Phoenix's population has historically been predominantly white.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} From 1890 to 1970, over 90% of the citizens were white.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} In recent years, this percentage has dropped, reaching 65% in 2010. However, a large part of this decrease can be attributed to new guidelines put out by the [[U.S. Census Bureau]] in 1980, when a question regarding Hispanic origin was added to the census questionnaire. This has led to an increasing tendency for some groups to no longer self-identify as white, and instead categorize themselves as "other races".<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=Arizona – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=March 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref>

20.6% of the population of the city was foreign born in 2010. Of the 1,342,803 residents over five years of age, 63.5% spoke only English, 30.6% spoke Spanish at home, 2.5% spoke another Indo-European language, 2.1% spoke Asian or Islander languages, with the remaining 1.4% speaking other languages. About 15.7% of non-English speakers reported speaking English less than "very well". The largest national ancestries reported were Mexican (35.9%), German (15.3%), Irish (10.3%), English (9.4%), Black (6.5%), Italian (4.5%), French (2.7%), Polish (2.5%), American Indian (2.2%), and Scottish (2.0%).<ref name="SSC">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP02&prodType=table |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150316025439/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP02&prodType=table |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 16, 2015 |title=Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 19, 2014}}</ref>
[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics or Latinos]] of any race make up 40.8% of the population. Of these the largest groups are at 35.9% Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Guatemalan, 0.3% Salvadoran, 0.3% Cuban.

Phoenix has the largest urban Native American population in Arizona. Phoenix has around 200 Dakota Sioux, approximately 100 Minnesota Chippewas, 100 Kiowas, about 175 Creeks, 100 Choctaws, several hundred Cherokees, several hundred Pueblos, and smaller numbers of Shawnees, Blackfeet, Pawnees, Cheyennes, Iroquois, Tlingit, Yakimas and other Native Americans from far away states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.uapress.arizona.edu/read/urban-indians-of-arizona/section/cc607495-3790-45f9-99fb-b7341a5b2dfb|title="2. Phoenix" in "Urban Indians of Arizona: Phoenix, Tucson, and Flagstaff" on University of Arizona Press|website=open.uapress.arizona.edu}}</ref>

Hispanics are now the majority in Phoenix.<ref name="azbigmedia.com"/> African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans live primarily in the southern portion of Phoenix, below the downtown district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Phoenix-Arizona/People|title=Phoenix - Indigenous, Settlers, Pioneers |website=Britannica }}</ref>

According to the [[National Immigration Forum]], the majority of Phoenix's immigrants are from Latin America: Mexico (196,941), Guatemala (5.093), El Salvador (2,980); Asia: India (10,128), Philippines (5.756), Vietnam (4,698); Africa: Ethiopia (1,157), Liberia (1,089), Sudan (1,067) and Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina (2.944), Germany (2,847) and Romania (1,658).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://immigrationforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Immigration-2020-Phoenix.pdf|title=PHOENIX: AN IMMIGRATION SNAPSHOT}}</ref>

According to a 2014 study by the [[Pew Research Center]], 66% of the population of the city identified themselves as [[Christians]],<ref>[http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles], Pew Research Center</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |title=America's Changing Religious Landscape |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]: Religion & Public Life |date=May 12, 2015}}</ref> while 26% claimed [[Irreligion|no religious affiliation]]. The same study says other religions (including [[Judaism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Islam]], and [[Hinduism]]) collectively make up about 7% of the population. In 2010, according to the Association of Religion Data Archives, which conducts religious census each ten years, 39% of those polled in Maricopa county considered themselves a member of a religious group. Of those who expressed a religious affiliation, the area's religious composition was reported as 35% [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], 22% to [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Protestant]] denominations, 16% [[Latter-Day Saints]] (LDS), 14% to [[Nondenominational Christianity|nondenominational]] congregations, 7% to [[Mainline Protestant]] denominations, and 2% [[Hindu]]. The remaining 4% belong to other religions, such as Buddhism and Judaism.

While the number of religious adherents increased by 103,000 during the decade, the growth did not keep pace with the county's overall population increase of almost three-quarters of million individuals during the same period. The largest aggregate increases were in the LDS (a 58% increase) and Evangelical Protestant churches (14% increase), while all other categories saw their numbers drop slightly or remain static. The Catholic Church had an 8% drop, while mainline Protestant groups saw a 28% decline.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/c/04/rcms2010_04013_county_tradition_2010.asp |title=2010 U.S. Religion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study. |publisher=The Association of Religious Data Archives |access-date=March 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429154429/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/c/04/rcms2010_04013_county_tradition_2010.asp |archive-date=April 29, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

According to the 2022 [[Point-In-Time Count|Point-In-Time]] Homeless Count, there were 3,096 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Phoenix.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Services Homeless Information |url=https://www.phoenix.gov/humanservices/homelesshelp |access-date=March 11, 2023 |website=www.phoenix.gov}}</ref>