Jaffa

====19th century====
[[File:1840–42 Royal Engineers map of Jaffa.jpg|thumb|left|Jaffa in 1841, as [[1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria|mapped by the British Royal Engineers]] after the [[Oriental Crisis of 1840]]]]
{{multiple image
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 250
| footer            = 
| image1            = Félix Bonfils (French) - Jaffa, Vue Générale Prise de la Mer - Palestine - Google Art Project.jpg
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = View of the port by [[Félix Bonfils]], 1867–1870
| image3            = ChederInJaffa1 (before1899).jpg
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = Jewish preschool ([[Cheder]]) of studies in Yiddish and Hebrew, Jaffa, c. 1890s
}}

Residential life in the city was reestablished in the early 19th century.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} The governor who was appointed after the devastation brought about by Napoleon, [[Muhammad Abu-Nabbut]], commenced wide-ranging building and restoration work in Jaffa, including the [[Mahmoudiya Mosque]] and the public fountain known as [[Sabil Abu Nabbut]]. During the 1834 [[Peasants' revolt in Palestine]], Jaffa was besieged for forty days by "mountaineers" in revolt against [[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt]].<ref>Thomson, page 515.</ref>
[[File:Jaffa, or Joppa.jpg|thumb|1877 illustration of "Jaffa, or Joppa"]]

In 1820, Isaiah Ajiman of Istanbul built a synagogue and hostel for the accommodation of Jews on their way to their [[Four Holy Cities|four holy cities]] - Jerusalem, [[Hebron]], [[Tiberias]] and [[Safed]]. This area became known as Dar al-Yehud (Arabic for "the house of the Jews"); and was the basis of the Jewish community in Jaffa. The appointment of Mahmud Aja as Ottoman governor marked the beginning of a period of stability and growth for the city, interrupted by the 1832 conquest of the city by [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}

By 1839, at least 153 [[Sephardic Jews]] were living in Jaffa.<ref>{{citation |title= The digitalization project of the 19th century censuses in Eretz Israel done under the auspices of Sir Moses Montefiore |access-date= 31 May 2011 |url= https://www.scribd.com/doc/44144106/Digitalization-Project-of-Montefiore-Censuses-19th-century}}</ref> The community was served for fifty years by Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi [[Dubrovnik|miRagusa]]. In the early 1850s, HaLevi leased an orchard to [[Clorinda S. Minor]], founder of a Christian messianic community that established Mount Hope, a farming initiative to encourage local Jews to learn manual trades, which the [[Messianics]] did in order to pave wave for the [[Second Coming]] of Jesus. In 1855, the British Jewish philanthropist [[Moses Montefiore]] bought the orchard from HaLevi, although Minor continued to manage it.<ref>{{cite web|last=Friedman |first=Lior |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/the-mountain-of-despair-1.273560 |title=The mountain of despair |publisher=Haaretz.com |date=5 April 2009 |access-date=25 August 2013}}</ref>
[[File:MarktJaffaGustavBauernfeind1887.jpg|thumb|''Market at Jaffa'', by [[Gustav Bauernfeind]], 1877]]

American missionary Ellen Clare Miller, visiting Jaffa in 1867, reported that the town had a population of "about 5000, 1000 of these being Christians, 800 Jews and the rest Moslems".<ref>Ellen Clare Miller, 'Eastern Sketches&nbsp;— notes of scenery, schools and tent life in Syria and Palestine'. Edinburgh: William Oliphant and Company. 1871. Page 97. See also Miller's populations of [[Damascus]], [[Jerusalem]], [[Bethlehem]], [[Nablus]] and [[Samaria]]</ref><ref>Thompson (above) writing in 1856 has '25 years ago the inhabitants of the city and gardens were about 6000; now there must be 15,000 at least...' Considering the length of time he lived in the area this may be a more accurate count.</ref>

The city walls were torn down during the 1870s, allowing the city to expand.<ref>[https://www.oldjaffa.co.il/en/jaffa-historical-survey Jaffa, an Historical Survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626111354/https://www.oldjaffa.co.il/en/jaffa-historical-survey/ |date=26 June 2018 }}. Written with the assistance of Tzvi Shacham, the curator of the Antiquities Museum of Tel Aviv–Jaffa</ref>