Hillary Clinton

===Scandals and investigations===
{{Further|topic=these investigations|Whitewater controversy|Travelgate|Filegate|Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy}}

Clinton was a subject of several investigations by the [[United States Office of the Independent Counsel]], committees of the U.S. Congress, and the press.

One prominent investigation was related [[Whitewater controversy]], which arose out of real estate investments by the Clintons and associates made in the 1970s.<ref name="nyt030892">{{Cite news |author=Gerth, Jeff |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/08/us/1992-campaign-personal-finances-clintons-joined-s-l-operator-ozark-real-estate.html |title=Clintons Joined S.& L. Operator in an Ozark Real-Estate Venture |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 8, 1992 |author-link=Jeff Gerth}}</ref>{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|pp=72–73}}<ref name="nyt030892"/> As part of this investigation, on January 26, 1996, Clinton became the first spouse of a U.S. president to be [[subpoena]]ed to testify before a federal [[grand jury]].<ref name="pbs100797">{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/arkansas/docs/recs.html |work=[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]] |title=Once Upon a Time in Arkansas: Rose Law Firm Billing Records |date=October 7, 1997}}</ref> After several Independent Counsels had investigated, a final report was issued in 2000 that stated there was insufficient evidence that either Clinton had engaged in criminal wrongdoing.<ref name=nyt092100>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/21/us/statement-by-independent-counsel-on-conclusions-in-whitewater-investigation.html |title=Statement by Independent Counsel on Conclusions in Whitewater Investigation |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 21, 2000}}</ref>

[[File:Hillary Clinton Bill Chelsea on parade.jpg|thumb|left|alt=The Clinton family walking and greeting the crowds|Chelsea, Bill, and Hillary Clinton walking down [[Pennsylvania Avenue]] to start Bill's second presidential term in 1997]]

Another investigated scandal involving Clinton was the [[White House travel office controversy]], often referred to as "Travelgate".{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=327–28}} Another scandal that arose was the [[Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy]], which related to cattle futures trading Clinton had made in 1978 and 1979.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/18/us/top-arkansas-lawyer-helped-hillary-clinton-turn-big-profit.html |title=Top Arkansas Lawyer Helped Hillary Clinton Turn Big Profit |author=Gerth, Jeff |author-link=Jeff Gerth |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 18, 1994|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Some in the press had alleged that Clinton had engaged in a conflict of interest and disguised a bribery. Several individuals analyzed her trading records, however, no formal investigation was made and she was never charged with any wrongdoing in relation to this.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Rosett, Claudia |url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/cRosett/?id=65000476 |title=Hillary's Bull Market |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=October 26, 2000 |author-link=Claudia Rosett |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001208164800/http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/cRosett/?id=65000476 |archive-date=December 8, 2000}}</ref>

An outgrowth of the "Travelgate" investigation was the June 1996 discovery of improper White House access to hundreds of FBI background reports on former Republican White House employees, an affair that some called "[[White House FBI files controversy|Filegate]]".<ref name="cnn072800"/> Accusations were made that Clinton had requested these files and she had recommended hiring an unqualified individual to head the White House Security Office.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/04/01/filegate/index.html |title='Filegate' Depositions Sought From White House Aides |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=April 1, 1998}}</ref> The 2000 final Independent Counsel report found no substantial or credible evidence that Clinton had any role or showed any misconduct in the matter.<ref name="cnn072800">{{Cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/07/28/clinton.filegate/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030124154710/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/07/28/clinton.filegate/ |archive-date=January 24, 2003 |title=Independent counsel: No evidence to warrant prosecution against first lady in 'filegate' |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=July 28, 2000}}</ref>

In early 2001, a controversy arose over gifts that were sent to the White House; there was a question whether the furnishings were White House property or the Clintons' personal property. During the last year of Bill Clinton's time in office, those gifts were shipped to the Clintons' private residence.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2001/feb/10/news/mn-23723 |title=Clintons Began Taking White House Property a Year Ago |work=Los Angeles Times |date=February 10, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/02/06/clintons-say-theyll-return-disputed-gifts/accd07f5-3cd2-4ebf-ba49-b3ac30a35a7d/ |title=Clintons Say They'll Return Disputed Gifts |author=Lardner, George Jr |date=February 6, 2001 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>