God the Father

=== Judaism ===
{{Main|God in Judaism|Names of God in Judaism|selfref = no}}
{{See also|Ab_(Semitic)#Hebrew|l1 = Av|selfref = no}}
In Judaism, the use of the "Father" title is generally a [[metaphor]], referring to the role as Life-giver and Law-giver, and is one of many titles by which Jews speak of and to God.<ref name=metaphor /> The Jewish concept of God is that God is non-corporeal, transcendent and immanent, the ultimate source of love,<ref name="BergerDWyschogrodM">{{cite book|last=Berger|first=David|title=Jews and "Jewish Christianity"|year=1978|publisher=KTAV Publ. House|location=[New York]|isbn=0870686755|author2=Wyschogrod, Michael }}</ref><ref name="SingerT1">{{cite book|last=Singer|first=Tovia|title=Let's Get Biblical|year=2010|publisher=RNBN Publishers; 2nd edition (2010)|isbn=978-0615348391}}</ref><ref name="SingerT2">{{cite book|last=Singer|first=Tovia|title=Let's Get Biblical – In depth Study Guide|year=2010|publisher=Outreach Judaism (1998)|asin=B0006RBS3K}}</ref><ref name="KaplanA">{{cite book|last=Kaplan|first=Aryeh|title=The real Messiah? a Jewish response to missionaries|year=1985|publisher=National Conference of Synagogue Youth|location=New York|isbn=978-1879016118|edition=New}}[http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/the_real_messiah.pdf The real Messiah (pdf)]</ref> and a metaphorical "Father".<ref name=metaphor />

The [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] term for father ({{lang-he|אבא }}, ''[[Ab (Semitic)#Judaism|abba]]'') appears in traditional [[Jewish liturgy]] and [[Jewish prayer]]s to [[God in Judaism|God]] (e.g. in the [[Kaddish]]).

According to Ariela Pelaia, in a prayer of [[Rosh Hashanah]], Areshet Sfateinu, an ambivalent attitude toward God is demonstrated, due to his role as a father and as a king. Free translation of the relevant sentence may be: "today every creature is judged, either as sons or as slaves. If as sons, forgive us like a father forgives his son. If as slaves, we wait, hoping for good, until the verdict, your holy majesty."{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}  Another famous prayer emphasizing this dichotomy is called [[Avinu Malkeinu]], which means "Our Father Our King" in Hebrew. Usually the entire congregation will sing the last verse of this prayer in unison, which says: "Our Father, our King, answer us as though we have no deed to plead our cause, save us with mercy and loving-kindness."<ref>Ariela Pelaia – [http://judaism.about.com/od/holidays/a/roshhashanah.htm What Is Rosh HaShanah?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135540/http://judaism.about.com/od/holidays/a/roshhashanah.htm |date=20 December 2016 }} – The Jewish New Year of Rosh HaShanah – Rosh HaShanah Liturgy – About.com – Judaism. Retrieved 7 December 2013.</ref>