Egypt

=== Republic of Egypt (1953–1958) ===
{{Main|History of republican Egypt}}
Following the [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|1952 Revolution]] by the [[Free Officers Movement (Egypt)|Free Officers Movement]], the rule of Egypt passed to military hands and all political parties were banned. On 18 June 1953, the Egyptian Republic was declared, with General [[Muhammad Naguib]] as the first President of the Republic, serving in that capacity for a little under one and a half years.

==== President Nasser (1956–1970) ====
[[File:Nasser in Mansoura, 1960.jpg|thumb|right|Egyptian President [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] in Mansoura, 1960]]

Naguib was forced to resign in 1954 by [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]{{spaced ndash}}a [[Pan-Arabist]] and the real architect of the 1952 movement{{spaced ndash}}and was later put under [[house arrest]]. After Naguib's resignation, the position of President was vacant until the election of Nasser in 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://modernegypt.bibalex.org/Types/Persons/Details.aspx?type=ruler&ID=ieiMjZc32OCIOCRsXII4PA==|title=ذاكرة مصر المعاصر – السيرة الذاتية|website=modernegypt.bibalex.org|access-date=24 September 2018}}</ref>

In October 1954, Egypt and the United Kingdom agreed to abolish the [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement]] of 1899 and grant Sudan independence; the agreement came into force on 1 January 1956.

Nasser assumed [[Political power|power]] as president in June 1956. British forces completed their withdrawal from the occupied Suez Canal Zone on 13 June 1956. He [[nationalised]] the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956; his hostile approach towards Israel and economic nationalism prompted the beginning of the [[Second Arab-Israeli War]] (Suez Crisis), in which Israel (with support from France and the United Kingdom) occupied the Sinai peninsula and the Canal. The war came to an end because of US and USSR diplomatic intervention and the ''status quo'' was restored.
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