Donald Trump

=== Side ventures ===
[[File:Donald Trump and Doug Flutie at a press conference in the Trump Tower.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Trump and New Jersey Generals quarterback [[Doug Flutie]] at a 1985 press conference in the lobby of Trump Tower|alt=Trump, Doug Flutie, and an unnamed official standing behind a lectern with big, round New Jersey Generals sign, with members of the press seated in the background]]
In September 1983, Trump purchased the [[New Jersey Generals]], a team in the [[United States Football League]]. After the 1985 season, the league folded, largely due to Trump's attempt to move to a fall schedule (when it would have competed with the [[NFL]] for audience) and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust suit.<ref>{{cite web|first=Arash|last=Markazi|author-link=Arash Markazi|title=5 things to know about Donald Trump's foray into doomed USFL|date=July 14, 2015|access-date=September 30, 2021|work=[[ESPN]]|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13255737/five-things-know-donald-trump-usfl-experience}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2017/09/24/donald-trump-nfl-usfl/|title=Donald Trump Fought the NFL Once Before. He Got Crushed|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=September 24, 2017|access-date=June 22, 2018|last=Morris|first=David Z.}}</ref>

Trump and his Plaza Hotel hosted several boxing matches at the [[Atlantic City Convention Hall]].<ref name="fall"/>{{sfn|O'Donnell|Rutherford|1991|p=137–143}} In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the [[Tour de Trump]] cycling stage race, an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the [[Tour de France]] or the [[Giro d'Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-tour-de-trump-bike-race-213801|title=The Strange Tale of Donald Trump's 1989 Biking Extravaganza|first=Kevin|last=Hogan|work=[[Politico]]|date=April 10, 2016|access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref>

From 1986 to 1988, Trump purchased significant blocks of shares in various public companies while suggesting that he intended to take over the company and then sold his shares for a profit,<ref name=Buettner-190508/> leading some observers to think he was engaged in [[greenmail]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mattingly|first1=Phil|last2=Jorgensen|first2=Sarah|url=https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/|title=The Gordon Gekko era: Donald Trump's lucrative and controversial time as an activist investor|work=[[CNN]]|date=August 23, 2016|access-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' found that Trump initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously".<ref name=Buettner-190508/>

In 1988, Trump purchased the [[Eastern Air Lines Shuttle]], financing the purchase with $380&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|380|1988}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}){{Inflation/fn|US}} in loans from a syndicate of 22 banks. He renamed the airline [[Trump Shuttle]] and operated it until 1992.<ref name="TA">{{cite web|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|title=The Crash of Trump Air|first=Barbara|last=Peterson|date=April 13, 2017|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-crash-of-trump-air|access-date=May 17, 2023}}</ref> Trump defaulted on his loans in 1991, and ownership passed to the banks.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/4343030/donald-trump-failures/|title=10 Donald Trump Business Failures|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=October 11, 2016|access-date=May 17, 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Donald Trump star Hollywood Walk of Fame.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|Trump's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|alt=A red star with a bronze outline and "Donald Trump" and a TV icon written on it in bronze, embedded in a black terrazzo sidewalk]]
In 1992, Trump, his siblings [[Maryanne Trump Barry|Maryanne]], Elizabeth, and [[Robert Trump|Robert]], and his cousin John W. Walter, each with a 20 percent share, formed All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp. The company had no offices and is alleged to have been a shell company for paying the vendors providing services and supplies for Trump's rental units, then billing those services and supplies to Trump Management with markups of 20–50 percent and more. The owners shared the proceeds generated by the markups.<ref name="Tax_Schemes" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Blair|first=Gwenda|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/10/07/trump-new-york-times-tax-evasion-221082|title=Did the Trump Family Historian Drop a Dime to the New York Times?|work=[[Politico]]|date=October 7, 2018|access-date=August 14, 2020}}</ref> The increased costs were used to get state approval for increasing the rents of Trump's rent-stabilized units.<ref name="Tax_Schemes" />

From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned all or part of the [[Miss Universe]] pageants, including [[Miss USA]] and [[Miss Teen USA]].<ref name="pageantsaleWME">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html|title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency|date=September 14, 2015|first=John|last=Koblin|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9|title=Donald Trump just sold off the entire Miss Universe Organization after buying it 3 days ago|date=September 14, 2015|first=Jethro|last=Nededog|work=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=May 6, 2016}}</ref> Due to disagreements with CBS about scheduling, he took both pageants to NBC in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/business/three-beauty-pageants-leaving-cbs-for-nbc.html|title=Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC|date=June 22, 2002|first=Jim|last=Rutenberg|author-link=Jim Rutenberg|access-date=August 14, 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/22/there-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc/2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19/|title=There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC|date=June 22, 2002|first=Lisa|last=de Moraes|author-link=Lisa de Moraes|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> In 2007, Trump received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for his work as producer of Miss Universe.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zara|first=Christopher|author-link=Christopher Zara|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think|title=Why the heck does Donald Trump have a Walk of Fame star, anyway? It's not the reason you think|work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]|date=October 26, 2016|access-date=June 16, 2018}}</ref> NBC and Univision dropped the pageants in June 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2015/06/29/nbc-dumps-trump/29471971/|title=NBC to Donald Trump: You're fired|work=[[USA Today]]|first=Maria|last=Puente|date=June 29, 2015|access-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref>

==== Trump University ====
{{Main|Trump University}}
In 2004, Trump co-founded [[Trump University]], a company that sold real estate seminars for up to $35,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/01/trump-university-fraud-scandal|title=Big Hair on Campus: Did Donald Trump Defraud Thousands of Real Estate Students?|last=Cohan|first=William D.|author-link=William D. Cohan|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=December 3, 2013|access-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref> After New York State authorities notified the company that its use of "university" violated state law (as it was not an academic institution), its name was changed to the Trump Entrepreneur Initiative in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|first=Michael|last=Barbaro|author-link=Michael Barbaro|title=New York Attorney General Is Investigating Trump's For-Profit School|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=September 30, 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/nyregion/trumps-for-profit-school-said-to-be-under-investigation.html}}</ref>

In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40&nbsp;million civil suit against Trump University, alleging that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/27/donald-trumps-misleading-claim-that-hes-won-most-of-lawsuits-over-trump-university/|first=Michelle Ye Hee|last=Lee|title=Donald Trump's misleading claim that he's 'won most of' lawsuits over Trump University|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=February 27, 2016|access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> Additionally, two class actions were filed in federal court against Trump and his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees testified that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/08/26/trump-entrepreneur-initiative-case/2700811/|title=Trump faces two-front legal fight over 'university'|work=[[USA Today]]|first=Kevin|last=McCoy|date=August 26, 2013|access-date=September 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/us/politics/donald-trump-university.html|title=Former Trump University Workers Call the School a 'Lie' and a 'Scheme' in Testimony|last1=Barbaro|first1=Michael|author-link1=Michael Barbaro|last2=Eder|first2=Steve|date=May 31, 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/01/480279246/hard-sell-the-potential-political-consequences-of-the-trump-university-documents|title=Hard Sell: The Potential Political Consequences of the Trump University Documents|last=Montanaro|first=Domenico|date=June 1, 2016|work=[[NPR]]|access-date=June 2, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after he won the 2016 presidential election, Trump agreed to pay a total of $25&nbsp;million to settle the three cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/trump-university.html|title=Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement|last=Eder|first=Steve|date=November 18, 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref>