Chicago

===Architecture===
{{Main|Architecture of Chicago}}{{Further|List of tallest buildings in Chicago|List of Chicago Landmarks}}
[[File:2010-03-03 1856x2784 chicago chicago building.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Chicago Building]] (1904–05) is a prime example of the [[Chicago school (architecture)|Chicago School]], displaying both variations of the Chicago window.]]
The destruction caused by the Great Chicago Fire led to the largest building boom in the history of the nation. In 1885, the first [[steel frame|steel-framed high-rise building]], the Home Insurance Building, rose in the city as Chicago ushered in the [[Early skyscrapers|skyscraper era]],{{sfnp|Lowe|2000|pp=121, 129}} which would then be followed by many other cities around the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Home Insurance Building |url=http://www.chicagoarchitecture.info/Building/3168/The-Home-Insurance-Building.php |website=Chicago Architecture Info |access-date=September 23, 2014 |archive-date=September 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917212325/http://www.chicagoarchitecture.info/Building/3168/The-Home-Insurance-Building.php |url-status=dead}}</ref> Today, Chicago's skyline is among the world's tallest and densest.<ref>[http://www.ultrapolisproject.com/ultrapolis_017.htm World's Tallest Cities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308161625/http://www.ultrapolisproject.com/ultrapolis_017.htm |date=March 8, 2007 }}. ''UltrapolisProject.com''.</ref>

Some of the United States' tallest towers are located in Chicago; [[Willis Tower]] (formerly Sears Tower) is the second tallest building in the [[Western Hemisphere]] after [[One World Trade Center]], and [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Trump International Hotel and Tower]] is the third tallest in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-buildings-usa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603063912/http://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-buildings-usa |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 3, 2013 |title=U.S.A.'s tallest buildings – Top 20 |work=[[Emporis]] |access-date=September 14, 2013}}</ref> The Loop's historic buildings include the [[Chicago Board of Trade Building]], the [[Fine Arts Building (Chicago)|Fine Arts Building]], [[35&nbsp;East Wacker]], and the [[Chicago Building]], [[860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments]] by [[Mies van der Rohe]]. Many other architects have left their impression on the Chicago skyline such as [[Daniel Burnham]], [[Louis Sullivan]], Charles B. Atwood, John Root, and [[Helmut Jahn]].{{sfnp|Bach|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/chicagosfamousbu00cond/page/n60 9]}}{{sfnp|Lowe|2000|pp=118–127}}

The [[Merchandise Mart]], once first on the [[list of largest buildings in the world]], currently listed as 44th-largest 2013 as September 9, 2013, had its own [[zip&nbsp;code]] until 2008, and stands near the junction of the North and South branches of the Chicago River.<ref name="prid03">{{cite book |last=Pridmore |first=Jay |title=The Merchandise Mart |year=2003 |publisher=Pomegranate Communications |isbn=0-7649-2497-4 |lccn=2003051164}}</ref> Presently, the four tallest buildings in the city are Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower, also a building with its own zip code), [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Trump International Hotel and Tower]], the [[Aon Center (Chicago)|Aon Center]] (previously the Standard Oil Building), and the [[John Hancock Center]]. [[Industrial district]]s, such as some areas on the [[South Side (Chicago)|South Side]], the areas along the [[Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal]], and the [[Northwest Indiana]] area are clustered.{{sfnp|Bach|1980|pp=70, 99–100, 146–147}}

Chicago gave its name to the Chicago School and was home to the [[Prairie School]], two movements in architecture.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Chicago School of Architecture |last=Condit |first=Carl W. |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-226-11455-4}}</ref> Multiple kinds and scales of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings can be found throughout Chicago. Large swaths of the city's residential areas away from the lake are characterized by brick [[bungalow]]s built from the early 20th century through the end of World War II. Chicago is also a prominent center of the [[Polish Cathedral style]] of [[church architecture]]. The Chicago suburb of [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] was home to famous architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], who had designed The [[Robie House]] located near the University of Chicago.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoffmann |first1=Donald |title=Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House: The Illustrated Story of an Architectural Masterpiece |date=1984 |publisher=Dover Publications |location=New York |isbn=0-486-24582-9 |pages=19–25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Frederick C. Robie House |url=http://www.flwright.org/researchexplore/robiehouse |publisher=Frank Lloyd Wright Trust |access-date=September 23, 2014 |archive-date=September 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910224118/http://flwright.org/researchexplore/robiehouse |url-status=live }}</ref>

A popular tourist activity is to take an architecture boat tour along the Chicago River.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.architecture.org/experience-caf/tours/detail/chicago-architecture-foundation-river-cruise-aboard-chicagos-first-lady-cruises/ |title=Chicago Architecture Foundation River Cruise Aboard Chicago's First Lady Cruises |website=Chicago Architecture Foundation – CAF |language=en |access-date=May 29, 2018 |archive-date=June 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619205552/https://www.architecture.org/experience-caf/tours/detail/chicago-architecture-foundation-river-cruise-aboard-chicagos-first-lady-cruises/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>