Buenos Aires Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Demographics== {{See also|Demographics of Argentina}} ===Census data=== {{Historical populations|1950|5,166,140|1960|6,761,837|1970|8,416,170|1980|9,919,781|1990|11,147,566|2000|12,503,871|2010|14,245,871|2019|15,057,273|align=right|footnote=for Buenos Aires Agglomeration:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/buenos-aires-population/ |title=Buenos Aires population |access-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000218/http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/buenos-aires-population/ |archive-date=6 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} In the census of 2010, there were 2,891,082 people residing in the city.<ref name="indec4701">{{cite web|url = http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/preliminares/cuadro_caba.asp|title = Censo 2010|access-date = 20 October 2015|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923202027/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/preliminares/cuadro_caba.asp|archive-date = 23 September 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref> The population of Greater Buenos Aires was 13,147,638 according to 2010 census data.<ref>{{cite web|title = Censo 2010 Argentina|url = http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/preliminares/cuadro_resto.asp|website = www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar|access-date = 20 October 2015|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151008110227/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/preliminares/cuadro_resto.asp|archive-date = 8 October 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref> The population density in Buenos Aires proper was {{convert|13,680|/km2|/mi2|disp=preunit|inhabitants |inhabitants|sp=us}}, but only about {{convert|2,400|/km2|/mi2|abbr=on}} in the suburbs.<ref name="Pop">{{cite web|url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/buenos-aires-population/|title=Buenos Aires Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)|website=Worldpopulationreview.com|access-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000218/http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/buenos-aires-population/|archive-date=6 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Buenos Aires' population has hovered around 3 million since 1947, due to low birth rates and a slow migration to the suburbs. However, the surrounding districts have expanded over fivefold (to around 10 million) since then.<ref name=indec4701/> The [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina|2001 census]] showed a relatively aged population: with 17% under the age of fifteen and 22% over sixty, the people of Buenos Aires have an age structure similar to those in most European cities. They are older than Argentines as a whole (of whom 28% were under 15, and 14% over 60).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indec.mecon.ar?censo2001s2_2/ampliada_index.asp?mode=02 |title=Indec:Instituto Nacional De Estadistica Y Censos De La Republica Argentina |publisher=Indec.mecon.ar?censo2001s2_2 |access-date=1 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914001556/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/?censo2001s2_2%2Fampliada_index.asp%3Fmode=02 |archive-date=14 September 2016 }}</ref> Two-thirds of the city's residents live in apartment buildings and 30% in single-family homes; 4% live in sub-standard housing.<ref name=censo>{{cite web |url=http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/p020201.xls |title=2001 Census |access-date=9 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113154311/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/p020201.xls |archive-date=13 November 2009 }}</ref> Measured in terms of income, the city's [[poverty threshold|poverty rate]] was 8.4% in 2007 and, including the metro area, 20.6%.<ref name=buestat>{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/hacienda/sis_estadistico/buscador.php?tipopubli=1&anio=&mes=&palabras= |title=Buenos Aires Statistical Monthly, June 2008 |publisher=Buenosaires.gov.ar |access-date=9 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919191834/http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/hacienda/sis_estadistico/buscador.php?tipopubli=1&anio=&mes=&palabras= |archive-date=19 September 2009 }}</ref> Other studies estimate that 4 million people in the metropolitan Buenos Aires area live in poverty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.mercopress.com/2009/06/19/four-million-live-in-poverty-in-metropolitan-buenos-aires |title=Four million live in poverty in metropolitan Buenos Aires |publisher=En.mercopress.com |access-date=9 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831185559/http://en.mercopress.com/2009/06/19/four-million-live-in-poverty-in-metropolitan-buenos-aires |archive-date=31 August 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The city's resident labor force of 1.2 million in 2001 was mostly employed in the services sector, particularly social services (25%), commerce and tourism (20%) and business and financial services (17%); despite the city's role as Argentina's capital, public administration employed only 6%. Manufacturing still employed 10%.<ref name=censo/> {{Panorama |image =File:Buenos Aires Panorama.jpg |fullwidth= |fullheight= |caption={{center|Panorama of [[Buenos Aires CBD|downtown]]. On the left is the [[Congressional Plaza]] and the [[Río de la Plata|river]] and skyscrapers are far in the back of the panorama.}} |alt =daytime skyline of a city |height =220px }} ===Districts=== {{Main|Barrios of Buenos Aires|Communes of Buenos Aires}} The city is divided into ''[[Barrios and Communes of Buenos Aires|barrios]]'' (neighborhoods) for administrative purposes, a division originally based on Catholic ''parroquias'' (parishes).<ref name="city government">[http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar/ Government of Buenos Aires] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128063721/http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/ |date=28 January 2013 }}. Retrieved 7 August 2006.</ref> A common expression is that of the ''Cien barrios porteños'' ("One hundred ''porteño'' neighborhoods"), referring to a composition made popular in the 1940s by tango singer [[Alberto Castillo (performer)|Alberto Castillo]]; however, Buenos Aires only consists of 48 official ''barrios''. There are several subdivisions of these districts, some with a long history and others that are the product of a real estate invention. A notable example is [[Palermo, Buenos Aires|Palermo]] – the city's largest district – which has been subdivided into various ''barrios'', including [[Palermo Soho]], [[Palermo Hollywood]], [[Las Cañitas]] and [[Palermo viejo]], among others. A newer scheme has divided the city into 15 ''comunas'' (communes).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/sociedad/3-55934-2005-09-02.html |title=Buenos Aires con quince comunas |author=Pedro Lipcovich |newspaper=[[Página/12]] |date=2 September 2005 |access-date=7 August 2006 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310225158/http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/sociedad/3-55934-2005-09-02.html |archive-date=10 March 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> {| style="margin:1em auto;" | {{Buenos Aires Labelled Map|float=right}} | [[File:Comunas.svg|400px]] |} ===Population origin=== {{See also|Immigration in Argentina}} The majority of ''[[porteño]]s'' have [[Great European immigration wave to Argentina|European origins]], mostly from the [[Andalusia]]n, [[Galicia (Spain)|Galician]], [[Asturias|Asturian]], and [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque]] [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain|regions of Spain]], as well as the Italian [[regions of Italy|regions]] of [[Calabria]], [[Liguria]], [[Piedmont]], [[Lombardy]], [[Sicily]] and [[Campania]].<ref>Enrique Oteiza y Susana Novick sostienen que "''la Argentina desde el siglo XIX, al igual que Australia, Canadá o Estados Unidos, se convierte en un ''país de inmigración'', entendiendo por esto una sociedad que ha sido conformada por un fenómeno inmigratorio masivo, a partir de una población local muy pequeña.''" [http://www.iigg.fsoc.uba.ar/pobmigra/archivos/rc31.pdf (Oteiza, Enrique; Novick, Susana. and from Inmigración y derechos humanos. Política y discursos en el tramo final del menemismo. in línea]. Buenos Aires: Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2000 (IIGG Documentos de Trabajo, N° 14): http://www.iigg.fsoc.uba.ar/docs/dt/dt14.pdf)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531184634/http://www.iigg.fsoc.uba.ar/pobmigra/archivos/rc31.pdf |date=31 May 2011 }}; Ribeiro, Darcy. ''Las Américas y la Civilización'' (1985). Buenos Aires:EUDEBA, pp. 449 ss.; José Luis Romero (Romero, José Luis. "Indicación sobre la situación de las masas en Argentina (1951)", in ''La experiencia argentina y otros ensayos'', Buenos Aires: [[University of Belgrano|Universidad de Belgrano]], 1980, p. 64)</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geographia.com/argentina/buenosaires/Index.htm |title=Buenos Aires Introduction |publisher=Geographia.com |access-date=9 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423185302/http://www.geographia.com/argentina/buenosaires/Index.htm |archive-date=23 April 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unrestricted waves of European immigrants to Argentina starting in the mid-19th century significantly increased the country's population, even causing the number of porteños to triple between 1887 and 1915 from 500,000 to 1.5 million.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Solberg |first=Carl |date=May 1969 |title=Immigration and Urban Social Problems in Argentina and Chile, 1890–1914 |journal=The Hispanic American Historical Review |publisher=Duke University Press |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=215–232 |doi= 10.2307/2510818 |jstor=2510818}}</ref> [[File:ID_201_Ex_Hotel_de_Inmigrantes_0786.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Hotel de Inmigrantes|Immigrants' Hotel]], constructed in 1906, received and assisted the thousands of immigrants arriving to the city. The hotel is now a National Museum.]] Other significant European origins include [[French Argentine|French]], Portuguese, [[German Argentines|German]], [[Irish Argentine|Irish]], Norwegian, [[Polish Argentine|Polish]], Swedish, [[Greek Argentine|Greek]], [[Czechs in Argentina|Czech]], [[Albanians in South America|Albanian]], Croatian, Slovenian, Dutch, Russian, Serbian, [[English Argentines|English]], [[Scottish Argentine|Scottish]], Slovak, Hungarian and Bulgarian. In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a small wave of immigration from Romania and [[Ukrainian Argentine|Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.casahistoria.net/argentina_immigration.htm#1.%20General |title=European Emigration to Argentina |publisher=Casahistoria.net |date=17 July 2009 |access-date=9 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205194421/http://casahistoria.net/argentina_immigration.htm#1.%20General |archive-date=5 February 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> There is a minority of ''[[criollo people|criollo]]'' citizens, dating back to the Spanish colonial days. The ''Criollo'' and Spanish-Indigenous ([[mestizo]]) population in the city has increased mostly as a result of immigration from the inner northern provinces and from other countries such as neighboring Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile and [[Peru]], since the second half of the 20th century.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} The [[Jews|Jewish]] community in [[Greater Buenos Aires]] numbers around 250,000 and is the largest in the country. The city is also eighth largest in the world in terms of Jewish population.<ref name="bh.org.il">{{cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Buenos Aires |url=https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/buenos-aires |publisher=The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot |access-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613111857/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/buenos-aires |archive-date=13 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Most are of Northern, Western, Central, and Eastern European [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] origin, primarily Swedish, Dutch, Polish, German, and [[Russian Jews|Russian]] Jews, with a significant [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic]] minority, mostly made up of [[Syrian Jews]] and [[Lebanese Jews]].<ref name=vjht>{{cite web|title=The Virtual Jewish History Tour – Argentina|last=Weiner|first=Rebecca|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Argentina.html|access-date=9 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615092640/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Argentina.html|archive-date=15 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Important [[Lebanese Argentine|Lebanese]], [[Georgians|Georgian]], [[Syrian Argentine|Syrian]] and [[Armenian Argentine|Armenian]] communities have had a significant presence in commerce and civic life since the beginning of the 20th century. Most [[Asian Argentine|East Asian immigration]] in Buenos Aires comes from China. Chinese immigration is the fourth largest in Argentina, with the vast majority of them living in Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area.<ref name="chinaytaiwanesa">{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/derechoshumanos/observatorio/colectividad-china-taiwanesa|title=Colectividad China y Taiwanesa|language=es|publisher=Government of the City of Buenos Aires|access-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223252/http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/derechoshumanos/observatorio/colectividad-china-taiwanesa|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref> In the 1980s, most of them were from [[Taiwan]], but since the 1990s the majority of Chinese immigrants come from the Mainland Chinese province of [[Fujian|Fukien]] (Fujian).<ref name="chinaytaiwanesa"/> The mainland Chinese who came from Fukien mainly installed supermarkets throughout the city and the suburbs; these supermarkets are so common that, in average, there is one every two and a half blocks and are simply referred to as ''el chino'' ("the Chinese").<ref name="chinaytaiwanesa"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edant.clarin.com/suplementos/pymes/2006/03/06/y-01150880.htm|title=El secreto de los negocios chinos|language=es|date=6 March 2006|last=Rodiño|first=Silvia|newspaper=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]. [[Clarín Group]]|access-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105115134/http://edant.clarin.com/suplementos/pymes/2006/03/06/y-01150880.htm|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Japanese Argentine|Japanese immigrants]] are mostly from the [[Okinawa Prefecture]]. They started the [[dry cleaning]] business in Argentina, an activity that is considered idiosyncratic to the Japanese immigrants in Buenos Aires.<ref name="japonesa">{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/derechoshumanos/observatorio/colectividades-japonesa|title=Colectividad Japonesa|language=es|publisher=Government of the City of Buenos Aires|access-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028101616/http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/derechoshumanos/observatorio/colectividades-japonesa|archive-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> [[Koreans in Argentina|Korean Immigration]] occurred after the [[division of Korea]]; they mainly settled in [[Flores, Buenos Aires|Flores]] and [[Balvanera#Origin of name and alternative names|Once]].<ref name="coreana">{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/derechoshumanos/observatorio/colectividad-coreana|title=Colectividad Coreana|language=es|publisher=Government of the City of Buenos Aires|access-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328081019/http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/derechoshumanos/observatorio/colectividad-coreana|archive-date=28 March 2015}}</ref> In the {{census-ar|2010}}, 2.1% of the population or 61,876 persons declared to be [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous]] or first-generation descendants of Indigenous people in Buenos Aires (not including the 24 adjacent [[Partidos of Buenos Aires|Partidos]] that make up [[Greater Buenos Aires]]).<ref name=pueblosoriginarios>{{cite web |url=http://estadisticas.tierradelfuego.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/pueblos_originarios_Metropolitana.pdf |title=Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010: Pueblos Originarios: Región Metropolitana: Serie D N<sup>o</sup> 6 |language=es |access-date=5 December 2015 |publisher=INDEC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208073937/http://estadisticas.tierradelfuego.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/pueblos_originarios_Metropolitana.pdf |archive-date=8 December 2015 }}</ref> Amongst the 61,876 persons who are of indigenous origin, 15.9% are [[Quechua people]], 15.9% are [[Guaraní people|Guaraní]], 15.5% are [[Aymara people|Aymara]] and 11% are [[Mapuche]].<ref name=pueblosoriginarios/> Within the 24 adjacent Partidos, 186,640 persons or 1.9% of the total population declared themselves to be Indigenous.<ref name=pueblosoriginarios/> Amongst the 186,640 persons who are of indigenous origin, 21.2% are Guaraní, 19% are [[Toba people|Toba]], 11.3% are Mapuche, 10.5% are Quechua and 7.6% are [[Diaguita]].<ref name=pueblosoriginarios/> In the city, 15,764 people identified themselves as [[Afro-Argentine]] in the 2010 Census.<ref name=afrodescendiente>{{cite web|url=http://www.censo2010.indec.gob.ar/CuadrosDefinitivos/P42-P_caba.pdf|title=Cuadro P42-P. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010|language=es|access-date=5 December 2015|publisher=INDEC|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208102042/http://www.censo2010.indec.gob.ar/CuadrosDefinitivos/P42-P_caba.pdf|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> ===Urban problems=== [[File:Villa_31_de_Buenos_Aires.jpeg|thumb|[[Villa 31]], a ''villa miseria'' in Buenos Aires]] [[Villas miserias|''Villas miseria'']] are a type of slum whose size ranges from small groups of precarious houses to large communities with thousands of residents.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Van Gelder | first1 = J.L. | last2 = Cravino | first2 = M. C. | last3 = Ostuni | first3 = F. | year = 2016 | title = Housing informality in Buenos Aires: Past, present and future? | journal = Urban Studies | volume = 53 | issue = 9| pages = 1958–1975 | doi = 10.1177/0042098015581801 | bibcode = 2016UrbSt..53.1958V | s2cid = 155447028 }}</ref> In rural areas, the houses in the ''villas miseria'' might be made of mud and wood. ''Villas miseria'' are found around and inside the large cities of Buenos Aires, Rosario, Córdoba and Mendoza, among others. Buenos Aires has below {{convert|2|m²|0|abbr=on}} of green space per person, which is 90% less than New York, 85% less than Madrid and 80% less than Paris. The World Health Organization (WHO), in its concern for public health, produced a document stating that every city should have a minimum of {{convert|9|m²|0|abbr=on}} of green space per person; an optimal amount of space per person would range from 10 to {{convert|15|m²|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://plusnetwork.wordpress.com/2011/07/13/how-many-metres-of-green-space-does-your-city-have/|title=How much green space does your city have?|last=sustainablecitiesnetwork|date=13 July 2011|work=wordpress.com|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013023002/https://plusnetwork.wordpress.com/2011/07/13/how-many-metres-of-green-space-does-your-city-have/|archive-date=13 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensoria.org.ar/publicaciones/pdf/justa13A.pdf |title=Los Invasores|access-date=1 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522233438/http://www.defensoria.org.ar/publicaciones/pdf/justa13A.pdf |archive-date=22 May 2014}}</ref> ===Language=== {{See also|Belgranodeutsch|Cocoliche}} Buenos Aires' dialect of Spanish, which is known as ''[[Rioplatense Spanish]]'', is distinguished by its use of ''[[voseo]]'', ''[[yeísmo]]'', and aspiration of ''s'' in various contexts. It is heavily influenced by the dialects of Spanish spoken in [[Andalusia]] and [[Murcia]] and shares its features with that of other cities like [[Rosario]] and [[Montevideo]], Uruguay. In the early 20th century, Argentina absorbed millions of immigrants, many of them Italians, who spoke mostly in their local dialects (mainly Neapolitan, [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] and [[Genoese language|Genoese]]). Their adoption of Spanish was gradual, creating a [[pidgin]] of Italian dialects and Spanish that was called ''[[cocoliche]]''. Its usage declined around the 1950s. A phonetic study conducted by the Laboratory for Sensory Investigations of [[National Scientific and Technical Research Council|CONICET]] and the [[University of Toronto]] showed that the [[prosody (linguistics)|prosody]] of ''[[porteño]]'' is closer to the [[Neapolitan language]] of Italy than to any other spoken language.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/762441-napolitanos-y-portenos-unidos-por-el-acento |title=Napolitanos y porteños, unidos por el acento |date=6 December 2005 |publisher=Lanacion.com.ar |access-date=13 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725031043/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/762441-napolitanos-y-portenos-unidos-por-el-acento |archive-date=25 July 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many Spanish immigrants were from [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], and Spaniards are still generically referred to in Argentina as ''gallegos'' ([[Galician people|Galicians]]). [[Galician language]], cuisine and culture had a major presence in the city for most of the 20th century. In recent years, descendants of Galician immigrants have led a small boom in [[Celtic music]] (which also highlighted the [[Y Wladfa|Welsh traditions of Patagonia]]). [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] was commonly heard in Buenos Aires, especially in the [[Balvanera]] garment district and in [[Villa Crespo]] until the 1960s. Most of the newer immigrants learn Spanish quickly and assimilate into city life. The ''[[Lunfardo]]'' [[argot]] originated within the prison population, and in time spread to all ''porteños''. Lunfardo uses words from Italian dialects, from [[Brazilian Portuguese]], from African and Caribbean languages and even from English. Lunfardo employs humorous tricks such as inverting the syllables within a word ([[vesre]]). Today, Lunfardo is mostly heard in tango lyrics;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~tango/Articles/2001_Economist.pdf|title=A sense of where you were|website=Web.ics.purdue.edu|access-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909015550/http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~tango/Articles/2001_Economist.pdf|archive-date=9 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> the slang of the younger generations has been evolving away from it. Buenos Aires was also the first city to host a [[Mundo Lingo]] event on 7 July 2011, which have been after replicated in up to 15 cities in 13 countries.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://mundolingo.org/history|title= History of Mundo Lingo|author= <!--Not stated-->|date= 2017|website= mundolingo.org|access-date= 5 November 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171113140811/http://mundolingo.org/history|archive-date= 13 November 2017|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref> ===Religion=== [[File:Exterior_nocturno_de_la_catedral.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral|Metropolitan Cathedral]] is the main [[Catholic]] [[church architecture|church]] in the city.]] At the beginning of the twentieth century, Buenos Aires was the second-largest [[Catholic]] city in the world after [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Catholicism and Politics in Argentina, 1810–1960|first=Austen |last=Ivereigh|year= 2016| isbn= 9781349136186| page =76 |publisher=Springer|quote= Buenos Aires was the second largest Catholic city in the world (after Paris)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Continent of Opportunity|first=Francis Edward |last=Clark|year= 1907| page =208|publisher=Princeton University Pree|quote= ... BUENOS AYRES second largest Roman Catholic city in the world, the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world...}}</ref> [[Christianity]] is still the most prevalently practiced religion in Buenos Aires (~71.4%),<ref name="CONICETReligion19"/> a 2019 [[National Scientific and Technical Research Council|CONICET]] survey on religious beliefs and attitudes found that the inhabitants of the [[Greater Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area]] (''Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires'', AMBA) were 56.4% [[Catholic]], 26.2% [[Irreligion|non-religious]] and 15% [[Evangelical]]; making it the region of the country with the highest proportion of irreligious people.<ref name="CONICETReligion19">{{cite web|url=http://www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ii25-2encuestacreencias.pdf|access-date=19 November 2019|year=2019|last1=Mallimac|last2=Giménez Béliveau|last3=Esquivel|last4=Irrazábal|first1=Fortunato|first2=Verónica|first3=Juan Cruz|first4=Gabriela|title=Sociedad y Religión en Movimiento. Segunda Encuesta Nacional sobre Creencias y Actitudes Religiosas en la Argentina|language=es|publisher=Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Laborales (CEIL). [[National Scientific and Technical Research Council|CONICET]]|issn=1515-7466|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111060444/http://www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ii25-2encuestacreencias.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> A previous CONICET survey from 2008 had found that 69.1% were Catholic, 18% "indifferent", 9.1% Evangelical, 1.4% [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] or [[Mormons]] and 2.3% adherents to other religions.<ref name="CONICETReligion08">{{cite web|url=http://www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/encuesta1.pdf|access-date=13 February 2020|year=2008|last1=Mallimac|last2=Esquivel|last3=Irrázabal|first1=Fortunato|first2=Juan Cruz|first3=Gabriela|title=Primera Encuesta Nacional sobre Creencias y Actitudes Religiosas en la Argentina|language=es|publisher=Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Laborales (CEIL). [[National Scientific and Technical Research Council|CONICET]]|archive-date=10 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010051330/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2008/08/27/um/encuesta1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The comparison between both surveys reveals that the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area is the region in which the decline of Catholicism was most pronounced during the last decade.<ref name="CONICETReligion19"/> Buenos Aires is also home to the [[Jewish population by country|largest Jewish community]] in Latin America and the second largest in the Western Hemisphere after the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/son-244000-los-judios-que-viven-en-la-ciudad-segun-un-censo-poblacional-nid710563|title=Son 244.000 los judíos que viven en la ciudad, según un censo poblacional|work=[[La Nación]]|language=es|access-date=13 February 2020|date=6 June 2005|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126042200/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/son-244000-los-judios-que-viven-en-la-ciudad-segun-un-censo-poblacional-nid710563/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Jewish Population of Argentina: Census and Estimate, 1887–1947|date=October 1960|pages=195–214|last=Rosenswaike|first=Ira|journal=Jewish Social Studies|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|volume=22|issue=4|jstor = 4465819}}</ref> The Jewish community of Buenos Aires has historically been characterized by its high level of assimilation, organization and influence in the cultural history of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.enlacejudio.com/2013/01/14/la-comunidad-judia-argentina/|title=La comunidad judía en Argentina|language=es|date=14 January 2013|access-date=13 February 2020|publisher=Enlace Judío|location=Mexico City|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214003242/https://www.enlacejudio.com/2013/01/14/la-comunidad-judia-argentina/|url-status=live}}</ref> Buenos Aires is the seat of a Roman Catholic [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitan archbishop]] (the Catholic [[primate (bishop)|''primate'']] of Argentina), currently Archbishop [[Mario Poli]]. His predecessor, Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, was elected to the [[Papacy]] as [[Pope Francis]] on 13 March 2013. There are [[Protestant]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]], [[Eastern Catholic]], [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and various other religious minorities as well.<ref>{{cite news|title=Largest Mosque in Latin America Opens|url=http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Islam/2000/10/Largest-Mosque-In-Latin-America-Opens.aspx|publisher=[[Beliefnet]]|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055739/http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Islam/2000/10/Largest-Mosque-In-Latin-America-Opens.aspx|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Education=== {{See also|Education in Argentina|University Revolution|List of Argentine universities}} [[File:UBA-Facultad-Derecho.jpg|thumb|[[University of Buenos Aires]]' Law School in [[Recoleta, Buenos Aires|Recoleta]]]] Primary education comprises grades 1–7. Most primary schools in the city still adhere to the traditional seven-year primary school, but kids can do grades 1–6 if their high school lasts 6 years, such as [[ORT Argentina]]. Secondary education in Argentina is called ''Polimodal'' (having multiple modes) since it allows the student to choose their orientation. Polimodal is usually 3 years of schooling, although some schools have a fourth year. Before entering the first year of polimodal, students choose an orientation from the following five specializations. Some high schools depend on the [[University of Buenos Aires]], and these require an admission course when students are taking the last year of high school. These high schools are [[Instituto Libre de Segunda Enseñanza|ILSE]], [[CNBA]], [[Escuela Superior de Comercio Carlos Pellegrini]] and Escuela de Educación Técnica Profesional en Producción Agropecuaria y Agroalimentaria (School of Professional Technique Education in Agricultural and Agrifood Production). The last two do have a specific orientation. In December 2006 the [[Argentine Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]] of the [[Argentine National Congress|Argentine Congress]] passed a new National Education Law restoring the old system of primary followed by secondary education, making secondary education obligatory and a right, and increasing the length of compulsory education to 13 years. The government vowed to put the law in effect gradually, starting in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/12/14/um/m-01327811.htm |title=Clarín article |publisher=Clarin.com |date=14 December 2006 |access-date=9 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906014337/http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/12/14/um/m-01327811.htm |archive-date=6 September 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> There are many [[public university|public universities]] in Argentina, as well as a number of [[private university|private universities]]. The [[University of Buenos Aires]], one of the top learning institutions in South America, has produced five [[Nobel Prize]] winners and provides taxpayer-funded education for students from all around the globe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derecho.uba.ar/academica/asuntos_estudiantiles/intercambio.php |title=Intercambio con universidades extranjeras | Facultad de Derecho – Universidad de Buenos Aires |publisher=Derecho.uba.ar |access-date=13 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727043309/http://www.derecho.uba.ar/academica/asuntos_estudiantiles/intercambio.php |archive-date=27 July 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fi.uba.ar/alumnos/index.php?m=280 |title=Facultad de Ingeniería – Universidad de Buenos Aires |publisher=Fi.uba.ar |access-date=13 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920171435/http://www.fi.uba.ar/alumnos/index.php?m=280 |archive-date=20 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.educ.ar/noticias/educacion-y-sociedad/la-uba-apuesta-al-intercambio.php|title=La UBA apuesta al intercambio académico|publisher=Portal.educ.ar|access-date=13 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409210117/http://portal.educ.ar/noticias/educacion-y-sociedad/la-uba-apuesta-al-intercambio.php|archive-date=9 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Buenos Aires is a major center for [[psychoanalysis]], particularly the [[Jacques Lacan|Lacanian]] school. Buenos Aires is home to several private universities of different quality, such as: [[Universidad Argentina de la Empresa]], [[Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires Institute of Technology]], [[University of CEMA|CEMA University]], [[Favaloro University]], [[Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina]], [[University of Belgrano]], [[University of Palermo (Buenos Aires)|University of Palermo]], [[Universidad del Salvador|University of Salvador]], [[Interamerican Open University|Universidad Abierta Interamericana]], [[Universidad Argentina John F. Kennedy]], Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales, [[Universidad del Museo Social Argentino]], [[Austral University (Argentina)|Universidad Austral]], Universidad CAECE and [[Torcuato di Tella University]]. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page