Athens

=== Athens metropolitan area===
{{main|Athens metropolitan area}}
[[File:Athens_Metropolitan_Region.svg|thumb|[[Athens metropolitan area]]]]

The Athens metropolitan area spans {{convert|2928.717|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} within the [[Attica (region)|Attica region]] and includes a total of 58 municipalities, which are organized in seven regional units (those outlined above, along with [[East Attica]] and [[West Attica]]), having reached a population of 3,638,281 according to the 2021 census.<ref name=census21/> Athens and Piraeus municipalities serve as the two metropolitan centres of the Athens Metropolitan Area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Master Plan for Athens and Attica 2021, pg 13, 24, 27, 33, 36, 89 |url=http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=UfCMqBJHswQ%3d&tabid=367&language=el-GR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321062128/http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=UfCMqBJHswQ%3D&tabid=367&language=el-GR |archive-date=21 March 2012}}</ref> There are also some inter-municipal centres serving specific areas. For example, [[Kifissia]] and [[Glyfada]] serve as inter-municipal centres for northern and southern suburbs respectively.

[[File:Βίλα Ατλαντίς 3473.jpg|alt=|thumb|View of Vila Atlantis, in [[Kifissia]], designed by [[Ernst Ziller]]]]
[[File:Alimos - panoramio (33).jpg|alt=|thumb|Beach in the southern suburb of [[Alimos]], one of the many beaches in the southern coast of Athens]]

The [[Athens Metropolitan Area, Greece|Athens Metropolitan Area]] consists of 58<ref name="statistics1">{{Cite web |title=ΕΛΣΤΑΤ Απογραφη 2011 |url=http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/General/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_01_F_GR.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011061403/http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/General/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_01_F_GR.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=22 August 2011 |publisher=statistics.gr}}</ref> densely populated municipalities, sprawling around the [[Municipality of Athens]] (the City Centre) in virtually all directions. For the Athenians, all the urban municipalities surrounding the City Centre are called suburbs. According to their geographic location in relation to the [[City of Athens]], the suburbs are divided into four zones; the northern suburbs (including [[Agios Stefanos, Attica|Agios Stefanos]], [[Dionysos, Greece|Dionysos]], [[Ekali]], [[Nea Erythraia]], [[Kifissia]], [[Kryoneri, Attica|Kryoneri]], [[Marousi|Maroussi]], [[Pefki]], [[Lykovrysi]], [[Metamorfosi]], [[Nea Ionia]], [[Nea Filadelfeia]], [[Irakleio, Attica|Irakleio]], [[Vrilissia]], [[Melissia]], [[Penteli, Greece|Penteli]], [[Chalandri]], [[Agia Paraskevi]], [[Gerakas]], [[Pallini]], [[Galatsi]], [[Psychiko]] and [[Filothei]]); the southern suburbs (including [[Alimos]], [[Nea Smyrni]], [[Moschato]], [[Tavros]], [[Agios Ioannis Renti]], [[Kallithea]], [[Piraeus]], [[Agios Dimitrios]], [[Palaio Faliro]], [[Ellinikon|Elliniko]], [[Glyfada]], [[Lagonisi]], [[Saronida]], [[Argyroupoli]], [[Ilioupoli]], [[Varkiza]], [[Voula]], [[Vari]] and [[Vouliagmeni]]); the eastern suburbs (including [[Zografou]], [[Dafni, Attica|Dafni]], [[Vyronas]], [[Kaisariani]], [[Cholargos]] and [[Papagou]]); and the western suburbs (including [[Peristeri]], [[Ilion, Greece|Ilion]], [[Egaleo]], [[Koridallos]], [[Agia Varvara]], [[Keratsini]], [[Perama]], [[Nikaia]], [[Drapetsona]], [[Chaidari]], [[Petroupoli]], [[Agioi Anargyroi]], [[Ano Liosia]], [[Aspropyrgos]], [[Eleusina]], [[Acharnes]] and [[Kamatero]]).

The Athens city coastline, extending from the major commercial port of [[Piraeus]] to the southernmost suburb of [[Varkiza]] for some {{convert|25|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}},<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2007 |title=Distance between Piraeus (Attiki) and Varkiza (Piraios Nomos) (Greece) |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Greece_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Piraeus%20(Attiki)&toplace=Varkiza%20(Piraios%20Nomos)&fromlat=37.9474464019929&tolat=37.8185988001751&fromlng=23.6370849609375&tolng=23.7987041473389 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711101743/http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Greece_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Piraeus%20(Attiki)&toplace=Varkiza%20(Piraios%20Nomos)&fromlat=37.9474464019929&tolat=37.8185988001751&fromlng=23.6370849609375&tolng=23.7987041473389 |archive-date=11 July 2011 |access-date=9 June 2009 |publisher=Distancecalculator.globefeed.com}}</ref> is also connected to the City Centre by tram.

In the northern suburb of Maroussi, the upgraded main [[Athens Olympic Sports Complex|Olympic Complex]] (known by its Greek acronym OAKA) dominates the skyline. The area has been redeveloped according to a design by the Spanish architect [[Santiago Calatrava]], with steel arches, landscaped gardens, fountains, futuristic glass, and a landmark new blue glass roof which was added to the main stadium. A second Olympic complex, next to the sea at the beach of Palaio Faliro, also features modern stadia, shops and an elevated esplanade. Work is underway to transform the grounds of the old Athens Airport – named [[Ellinikon International Airport|Elliniko]] – in the southern suburbs, into one of the largest landscaped parks in Europe, to be named the [[Hellenikon Metropolitan Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hellenikon Metropolitan Park Competition |url=http://www.minenv.gr/hellenikon-competition/oa/en/main.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040408211156/http://www.minenv.gr/hellenikon-competition/oa/en/main.htm |archive-date=8 April 2004 |access-date=3 January 2007 |website=Hellenic Ministry of the Environment and Public Works |publisher=minenv.gr}}</ref>

Many of the southern suburbs (such as [[Alimos]], [[Palaio Faliro]], [[Ellinikon|Elliniko]], [[Glyfada]], [[Voula]], [[Vouliagmeni]] and [[Varkiza]]) known as the [[Athens Riviera]], host a number of sandy beaches, most of which are operated by the [[Greek National Tourism Organization|Greek National Tourism Organisation]] and require an entrance fee. Casinos operate on both Mount Parnitha, some {{convert|25|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2007 |title=Europe &#124; Greek forest fire close to Athens |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6252676.stm |url-status=live |access-date=9 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827205825/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6252676.stm |archive-date=27 August 2009}}</ref> from downtown Athens (accessible by car or cable car), and the nearby town of [[Loutraki]] (accessible by car via the Athens – [[Corinth]] National Highway, or the [[Athens Suburban Railway]]).
{{wide image|2009-02-19 Yachthafen Glyfada 03.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|Coastline of [[Palaio Faliro]]}}