Argentina

=== Biodiversity ===
{{Main|Environment of Argentina}}
[[File:Aconcagua2016.jpg|thumb|alt=Mountain tops, with clouds shown.|[[Aconcagua]] is the [[Extremes of Altitude|highest mountain]] outside of Asia, at {{convert|6960.8|m|ft}}, and the highest point in the [[Southern Hemisphere]].<ref name="UNC-Sigma">{{cite web|url=http://www.uncu.edu.ar/novedades/index/informe-cientifico-que-estudia-el-aconcagua-el-coloso-de-america-mide-69608-metros |title=Informe científico que estudia el Aconcagua, el Coloso de América mide 6960,8 metros |language=es |trans-title=Scientific Report on Aconcagua, the Colossus of America measures 6960,8&nbsp;m |year=2012 |publisher=[[Universidad Nacional de Cuyo]] |access-date=3 September 2012 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908061725/http://www.uncu.edu.ar/novedades/index/informe-cientifico-que-estudia-el-aconcagua-el-coloso-de-america-mide-69608-metros |archive-date=8 September 2012}}</ref>]]
[[File:Perito Moreno (39986110524).jpg|thumb|Argentina features geographical locations such as this glacier, known as the [[Perito Moreno Glacier]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis|author6-link=Eric Franklin Wood |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution |journal=Scientific Data |date=30 October 2018 |volume=5 |page=180214 |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |pmid=30375988 |pmc=6207062 |language=en |issn=2052-4463|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B}}</ref>]]
Argentina is one of the most [[biodiverse]] countries in the world<ref name=cbd>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/?country=ar|title=Argentina – Main Details|publisher=Convention on Biological Diversity|place=Montreal, Canada|year=2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019023006/http://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/?country=ar|archive-date=19 October 2013|url-status = live}}</ref> hosting one of the greatest [[ecosystem]] varieties in the world: 15 continental zones, 2 marine zones, and the Antarctic region are all represented in its territory.<ref name=cbd /> This huge ecosystem variety has led to a biological diversity that is among the world's largest:<ref name=cbd /><ref name=wcmc>{{cite web |title=Biodiversity 2005. Cambridge, UK: UNEP–WCMC – World Conservation Monitoring Centre of the United Nations Environment Programme. 2005 |url=https://www.bipindicators.net/system/resources/files/000/000/393/original/801.pdf?1480337758 |website=www.bipindicators.net |access-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224170515/https://www.bipindicators.net/system/resources/files/000/000/393/original/801.pdf?1480337758 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |url-status = live}}</ref> 9,372 cataloged [[vascular plant]] species (ranked 24th);{{efn-ua|Includes higher plants only: [[fern]]s and fern allies, [[conifer]]s and [[cycad]]s, and [[flowering plant]]s.<ref name=wcmc />}} 1,038 cataloged bird species (ranked 14th);{{efn-ua|Includes only birds that breed in Argentina, not those that migrate or winter there.<ref name=wcmc />}} 375 cataloged [[mammal]] species (ranked 12th);{{efn-ua|Excludes marine mammals.<ref name=wcmc />}} 338 cataloged [[reptile|reptilian]] species (ranked 16th); and 162 cataloged [[amphibian]] species (ranked 19th).

The original [[pampa]] had virtually no trees; some imported species like the [[Platanus occidentalis|American sycamore]] or [[eucalyptus]] are present along roads or in towns and country estates (''estancias''). The only tree-like plant native to the pampa is the evergreen [[Ombú]]. The surface soils of the pampa are a deep black color, primarily [[mollisols]], known commonly as ''humus''. This makes the region one of the most agriculturally productive on Earth; however, this is also responsible for decimating much of the original ecosystem, to make way for commercial agriculture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/pampas|title=Pampas|publisher=[[ScienceDirect]]|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219080121/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/pampas|url-status=live}}</ref> The western pampas receive less rainfall, this ''dry pampa'' is a plain of short grasses or [[steppe]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Maenza|first1=Reinaldo A.|last2=Agosta|first2=Eduardo A.|last3=Bettolli|first3=María L.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315369042|title=Climate change and precipitation variability over the western 'Pampas' in Argentina|journal=[[International Journal of Climatology]]|volume=37|issue=Suppl.1|pages=445–463|doi=10.1002/joc.5014|date=21 February 2017|bibcode=2017IJCli..37..445M |s2cid=132539062 |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/grasslands-explained|title=Grasslands Explained|work=[[National Geographic]]|access-date=19 December 2022|quote=Grasslands go by many names. In the United States Midwest, they're often called prairies. In South America, they're known as pampas.|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219080108/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/grasslands-explained/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[National Parks of Argentina]] make up a network of 35 [[national park]]s in Argentina. The parks cover a very varied set of terrains and [[biotope]]s, from [[Baritú National Park]] on the northern border with [[Bolivia]] to [[Tierra del Fuego National Park]] in the far south of the continent. The [[Administración de Parques Nacionales]] (National Parks Administration) is the agency that preserves and manages these national parks along with [[Natural monument]]s and [[National Reserve]]s within the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parquesnacionales.gob.ar/institucional/objetivos-de-la-administracion/ |language=es |title=Objetivos de la Administración |publisher=Administración de Parques Nacionales |access-date=15 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029082936/https://www.parquesnacionales.gob.ar/institucional/objetivos-de-la-administracion/ |archive-date=29 October 2018 |url-status = live}}</ref> Argentina had a 2018 [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] mean score of 7.21/10, ranking it 47th globally out of 172 countries.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|page=5978|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|pmid=33293507|pmc=7723057|bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi-access=free}}</ref>